2016年四川省儿童青少年学生生长发育与营养状况分析
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摘要
目的描述并分析四川省儿童青少年学生的生长发育与营养状况。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样,抽取四川省12个城市的14 772名7～18岁学生的学校体检数据进行了整理分析,按照《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》评价生长迟缓、消瘦、超重及肥胖等学生营养状况。结果四川省学生的身高、体重、BMI之间均随着年龄逐渐升高,各年龄段学生的平均身高、体重均低于全国平均身高。四川省儿童青少年营养不良检出率为10. 11%,生长迟缓率、轻度消瘦、中重度消瘦检出率男生分别为2. 33%、7. 51%、3. 12%,女生1. 26%、4. 32%、2. 31%,男生高于女生。农村高于城市。营养过剩检出率为13. 73%,超重、肥胖检出率男生高于女生,城市高于农村。且营养过剩检出率高于营养不良。结论四川省儿童青少年平均身高、体重低于全国水平,其营养状况结果表明四川省儿童青少年学生特别是男生存在着消瘦与超重、肥胖的共存现象,这警醒在进行营养改善计划时,要防止营养过剩的发生。
Objective To describe and analyze the growth and nutritional status of children and adolescents in Sichuan. Methods The physical examination data of 14 772 students aged 7 ～ 18 in 12 cities of Sichuan were collected and analyzed by multi-stage random cluster sampling. " Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents" was used to evaluate the nutritional status of students as growth retardation,emaciation,overweight and obesity,etc. Results The height,weight and BMI of students in Sichuan gradually increased with age. The average height and weight of students of all age groups were lower than the national average height. The prevalence rate of malnutrition in children and adolescents in Sichuan was 10. 11%. The rates of growth retardation,mild emaciation,moderate and severe emaciation were2. 33%,7. 51% and 3. 12% for boys,1. 26%,4. 32% and 2. 31% for girls,respectively. Boys with higher rate in city than that in countryside were higher than girls. The detection rate of over-nutrition was 13. 73%,and the detection rates of overweight and obesity were higher for boys than for girls,and cities were higher than rural areas. The detection rate of excess nutrition was higher than malnutrition. Conclusion The average height and weight of children and adolescents in Sichuan are lower than national level. Nutritional status shows that children and adolescents in Sichuan,especially boys,live in the coexistence of emaciation,overweight and obesity,which is vigilant to prevent the occurrence of overnutrition when the nutrition improvement program is carried out.
Objective To describe and analyze the growth and nutritional status of children and adolescents in Sichuan. Methods The physical examination data of 14 772 students aged 7 ～ 18 in 12 cities of Sichuan were collected and analyzed by multi-stage random cluster sampling. " Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents" was used to evaluate the nutritional status of students as growth retardation,emaciation,overweight and obesity,etc. Results The height,weight and BMI of students in Sichuan gradually increased with age. The average height and weight of students of all age groups were lower than the national average height. The prevalence rate of malnutrition in children and adolescents in Sichuan was 10. 11%. The rates of growth retardation,mild emaciation,moderate and severe emaciation were2. 33%,7. 51% and 3. 12% for boys,1. 26%,4. 32% and 2. 31% for girls,respectively. Boys with higher rate in city than that in countryside were higher than girls. The detection rate of over-nutrition was 13. 73%,and the detection rates of overweight and obesity were higher for boys than for girls,and cities were higher than rural areas. The detection rate of excess nutrition was higher than malnutrition. Conclusion The average height and weight of children and adolescents in Sichuan are lower than national level. Nutritional status shows that children and adolescents in Sichuan,especially boys,live in the coexistence of emaciation,overweight and obesity,which is vigilant to prevent the occurrence of overnutrition when the nutrition improvement program is carried out.
引文
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[10]杨依锦,刘祖阳,刘蒙蒙,等. 2013-2014年四川省农村义务教育中小学生营养状况调查分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016,32(8):793-797.
[11]姜勇.甘孜藏族自治州经济与金融协调发展研究[D].成都:西南民族大学,2017.
[2]马冠生.我国学生营养状况及改善措施[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(5):641-642.
[3]国家卫生和计划生育委员会. WS/T 456-2014学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[4]中国肥胖问题工作组.中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,25(2):97-102.
[5]中国学生体质与健康研究组. 2014年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016.
[6]伍桃英,欧阳林,周晓洁,等. 2016-2017年邵阳市中小学生生长发育与营养状况[J].职业与健康,2017,33(22):3126-3129,3133.
[7]黄婉平,陈甘讷,韦荣忠,等.广州市3373名学龄前儿童生长迟缓现状及影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2017,32(20):5085-5089.
[8]陈丽梅,刘戈力.天津市汉沽地区2529名6~11岁儿童身高发育状况及相关影响因素调查[J].天津医科大学学报,2015,21(3):258-261.
[9]董彦会,王政和,杨招庚,等. 2005年至2014年中国7~18岁儿童青少年营养不良流行现状及趋势变化分析[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2017,49(3):424-432.
[10]杨依锦,刘祖阳,刘蒙蒙,等. 2013-2014年四川省农村义务教育中小学生营养状况调查分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016,32(8):793-797.
[11]姜勇.甘孜藏族自治州经济与金融协调发展研究[D].成都:西南民族大学,2017.