寒冷地区CO_2空气源热泵供暖运行性能分析
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摘要
CO_2空气源热泵能够在寒冷地区低温环境下稳定运行,可望在建筑供暖领域推广应用。为客观、合理地评价CO_2空气源热泵供暖的运行性能,搭建了寒冷地区超临界CO_2空气源热泵供暖系统。根据室外环境温度和供暖热负荷将供暖期划分为5个不同的阶段,分阶段调整CO_2空气源热泵供暖运行参数。测试结果表明,CO_2空气源热泵能够满足寒冷地区供暖需求,且供暖系统在供暖季的平均性能系数可达2.236,同时供暖房间具有较好的舒适度。以燃煤锅炉、燃气锅炉为参照,采用等效电方法对比分析了三种热源供暖的能源利用效率及CO_2排放量。对比分析结果表明,在考虑能源品位之后,CO_2空气源热泵供暖的能源利用效率高于燃气锅炉供暖,略低于燃煤锅炉供暖。受燃料含碳量的影响,CO_2空气源热泵供暖的CO_2排放量虽然高于燃气锅炉供暖,但比燃煤锅炉供暖减少20.89%。
CO_2 air-source heat pump can operate stably in cold area, which is expected to be popularized and applied in the field of space heating. To evaluate the performance of CO_2 air-source heat pump heating objectively and reasonably, the supercritical CO_2 air-source heat pump heating system in cold region was built. According to outdoor ambient temperature and heating load, the heating period is divided into five different stages, and the heating operation parameters of CO_2 air-source heat pump are adjusted in different stages. The results show that the CO_2 air-source heat pump can meet the heating demand in cold area, and the average performance coefficient of the heating system in the heating periods can reach 2.236, at the same time the heating room has good comfort. Taking coal-fired boiler and gas-fired boiler as reference, the energy utilization efficiency and CO_2 emission amount of three kinds of heat source heating are compared and analyzed by using equivalent electricity method. The results show that the energy utilization efficiency of CO_2 air source heat pump heating is higher than that of gas boiler heating and is slightly lower than that of coal-fired boiler heating after considering the energy grade. The CO_2 emission amount of CO_2 air-source heat pump heating is higher than that of gas-fired boiler heating, but 20.89% less than that of coal-fired boiler heating.
CO_2 air-source heat pump can operate stably in cold area, which is expected to be popularized and applied in the field of space heating. To evaluate the performance of CO_2 air-source heat pump heating objectively and reasonably, the supercritical CO_2 air-source heat pump heating system in cold region was built. According to outdoor ambient temperature and heating load, the heating period is divided into five different stages, and the heating operation parameters of CO_2 air-source heat pump are adjusted in different stages. The results show that the CO_2 air-source heat pump can meet the heating demand in cold area, and the average performance coefficient of the heating system in the heating periods can reach 2.236, at the same time the heating room has good comfort. Taking coal-fired boiler and gas-fired boiler as reference, the energy utilization efficiency and CO_2 emission amount of three kinds of heat source heating are compared and analyzed by using equivalent electricity method. The results show that the energy utilization efficiency of CO_2 air source heat pump heating is higher than that of gas boiler heating and is slightly lower than that of coal-fired boiler heating after considering the energy grade. The CO_2 emission amount of CO_2 air-source heat pump heating is higher than that of gas-fired boiler heating, but 20.89% less than that of coal-fired boiler heating.
引文
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[17]ZHANG F Z,JIANG P X,LIN Y S,et al.Efficiencies of subcritical and transcritical CO2,inverse cycles with and without an internal heat exchanger[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2011,31(4):432-438.
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[21]邹春妹,岑继文,刘培,等.跨临界二氧化碳热泵喷射循环实验[J].化工学报,2016,67(4):1520-1526..ZOU C M,CEN J W,LIU P,et al.Transcritical CO2 heat pump system with an ejector[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(4):1520-1526.
[22]王伟,刘景东,孙育英,等.空气源热泵在北京地区全工况运行的关键问题及应对策略[J].暖通空调,2017,47(1):20-27.WANG W,LIU J D,SUN Y Y,et al.Key problems and countermeasures for air-source heat pump under whole working conditions in Beijing[J].HV&AC,2017,47(1):20-27.
[23]刘猛,粟珩,张会福.重庆中海拔村镇住宅毛细管供暖性能实测分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2014,36(s1):75-78.LIU M,SU H,ZHANG H F.Capillary floor radiant heating system of rural residential building in Chongqing[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2014,36(s1):75-78.
[24]江亿,刘兰斌,杨秀.能源统计中不同类型能源核算方法的探讨[J].中国能源,2006,28(6):5-8.JIANG Y,LIU L B,YANG X.Discussion on different types of energy accounting methods in energy statistics[J].Energy of China,2006,28(6):5-8.
[25]江亿,杨秀.在能源分析中采用等效电方法[J].中国能源,2010,32(5):5-11.JIANG Y,YANG X.The electricity equivalent method in energy evaluation[J].Energy of China,2010,32(5):5-11.
[26]HAMADA Y,MURAKAWA S,NAGAHIRO K,et al.Study on basic performance of CO2 heat pump water heaters and evaluation of defrosting cycle and reheating operation[J].Transactions of the Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan,2009,34(143):47-59.
[27]赵敏,胡静,戴洁,等.基于能源平衡表的CO2排放核算研究[J].生态经济,2012,157(11):30-32.ZHAO M,HU J,DAI J,et al.The accounting of CO2 emissions based on the energy balances[J].Ecological Economy,2012,157(11):30-32.
[28]戴攀,邹家勇,田杰,等.中国电力行业碳减排综合优化[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(14):1-6.DAI P,ZOU J Y,TIAN J,et al.Integrated optimization of CO2emission mitigation in China power sector[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(14):1-6.
[29]谢龙.我国火力发电能耗状况研究及展望[J].通信电源技术,2016,33(1):165-166.XIE L.Research and prospects of energy consumption of thermal power generation in China[J].Telecom Power Technology,2016,33(1):165-166.
[30]杨勇平,杨志平,徐钢,等.中国火力发电能耗状况及展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(23):1-11.YANG Y P,YANG Z P,XU G,et al.Situation and prospect of energy consumption for China’s thermal power generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(23):1-11.
[2]TAMURA T,YAKUMARU Y,NISHIWAKI F.Experimental study on automotive cooling and heating air conditioning system using CO2 as a refrigerant[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2005,28(8):1302-1307.
[3]BERTSCH S S,GROLL E A.Two-stage air-source heat pump for residential heating and cooling applications in northern U.S.climates[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2008,31(7):1282-1292.
[4]马一太,代宝民.空气源热泵用于房间供暖的分析[J].制冷与空调,2013,13(7):6-11.MA Y T,DAI B M.Analysis of air-source heat pump for room heating[J].Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning,2013,13(7):6-11
[5]徐俊芳,赵耀华,全贞花,等.新型空气-水双热源复合热泵系统除霜特性及能耗[J].化工学报,2018,69(6):2646-2654.XU J F,ZHAO Y H,QUAN Z H,et al.Defrosting characteristics and energy consumption of new air-water dual source composite heat pump system[J].CIESC Journal,2018,69(6):2646-2654.
[6]靳成成,王如竹,翟晓强,等.空气源热泵结合小温差风机盘管在高效舒适供热中的应用[J].化工学报,2016,67(S2):51-57.JIN C C,WANG R Z,ZHAI X Q,et al.Analysis of air source heat pump with small temperature difference fan-coil units for high efficient and comfort heating[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(S2):51-57.
[7]孙先鹏,郭康权,邹志荣,等.太阳能联合空气源热泵系统温室供热实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2016,37(3):658-665.SUN X P,GUO K Q,ZOU Z R,et al.System investigation of a solar combined with air-source heat pump system for greenhouse heating[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2016,37(3):658-665.
[8]AFARIN A,RAKESH K,FUNG A S,et al.Experimental and simulation studies on air source heat pump water heater for year-round applications in Canada[J].Energy&Buildings,2018,165:141-149.
[9]刘猛,薛凯,周宇,等.重庆村镇空气源热泵供暖系统夜间性能实测分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2015,37(6):87-97.LIU M,XUE K,ZHOU Y,et al.Night time performance analysis of air source heat pump heating system in Chongqing rural residential[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2015,37(6):87-97.
[10]ZHANG J F,QIN Y,WANG C C.Review on CO2,heat pump water heater for residential use in Japan[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,50:1383-1391.
[11]SCOCCIA R,TOPPI T,APRILE M,et al.Absorption and compression heat pump systems for space heating and DHW in European buildings:energy,environmental and economic analysis[J].Journal of Building Engineering,2018,16:94-105.
[12]SHIBUYA T,CROXFORD B.The effect of climate change on office building energy consumption in Japan[J].Energy&Buildings,2016,117:149-159.
[13]SATO K,KAWAZU Y,SAITOU T.Hot water supply and air conditioning system using CO2 heat pump:US8151586B2[P].2012.
[14]WANG S,TOU H,CAO F,et al.Experimental investigation on airsource transcritical CO2,heat pump water heater system at a fixed water inlet temperature[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2013,36(3):701-716.
[15]HU B,WANG X,CAO F,et al.Experimental analysis of an air-source transcritical CO2,heat pump water heater using the hot gas bypass defrosting method[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2014,71(1):528-535.
[16]金东旭,王平,小山繁,等.回热器对跨临界CO2热泵系统性能的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2012,47(4):634-638.JIN D X,WANG P,KOYAMA S,et al.Effects of internal heat exchanger on performance of transcritical CO2 heat pump system[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2012,47(4):634-638.
[17]ZHANG F Z,JIANG P X,LIN Y S,et al.Efficiencies of subcritical and transcritical CO2,inverse cycles with and without an internal heat exchanger[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2011,31(4):432-438.
[18]WANG S,TUO H,CAO F,et al.Experimental investigation on airsource transcritical CO2,heat pump water heater system at a fixed water inlet temperature[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2013,36(3):701-716.
[19]SONG Y,YE Z,CAO F.Climate adaptivity and field test of the space heating used air-source transcritical CO2 heat pump[J].IOP Conference Series:Materials Science and Engineering,2017,232(1):012087.
[20]SONG Y,CAO F.The evaluation of the optimal medium temperature in a space heating used transcritical air-source CO2 heat pump with an R134a subcooling device[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2018,166:409-423.
[21]邹春妹,岑继文,刘培,等.跨临界二氧化碳热泵喷射循环实验[J].化工学报,2016,67(4):1520-1526..ZOU C M,CEN J W,LIU P,et al.Transcritical CO2 heat pump system with an ejector[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(4):1520-1526.
[22]王伟,刘景东,孙育英,等.空气源热泵在北京地区全工况运行的关键问题及应对策略[J].暖通空调,2017,47(1):20-27.WANG W,LIU J D,SUN Y Y,et al.Key problems and countermeasures for air-source heat pump under whole working conditions in Beijing[J].HV&AC,2017,47(1):20-27.
[23]刘猛,粟珩,张会福.重庆中海拔村镇住宅毛细管供暖性能实测分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2014,36(s1):75-78.LIU M,SU H,ZHANG H F.Capillary floor radiant heating system of rural residential building in Chongqing[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2014,36(s1):75-78.
[24]江亿,刘兰斌,杨秀.能源统计中不同类型能源核算方法的探讨[J].中国能源,2006,28(6):5-8.JIANG Y,LIU L B,YANG X.Discussion on different types of energy accounting methods in energy statistics[J].Energy of China,2006,28(6):5-8.
[25]江亿,杨秀.在能源分析中采用等效电方法[J].中国能源,2010,32(5):5-11.JIANG Y,YANG X.The electricity equivalent method in energy evaluation[J].Energy of China,2010,32(5):5-11.
[26]HAMADA Y,MURAKAWA S,NAGAHIRO K,et al.Study on basic performance of CO2 heat pump water heaters and evaluation of defrosting cycle and reheating operation[J].Transactions of the Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan,2009,34(143):47-59.
[27]赵敏,胡静,戴洁,等.基于能源平衡表的CO2排放核算研究[J].生态经济,2012,157(11):30-32.ZHAO M,HU J,DAI J,et al.The accounting of CO2 emissions based on the energy balances[J].Ecological Economy,2012,157(11):30-32.
[28]戴攀,邹家勇,田杰,等.中国电力行业碳减排综合优化[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(14):1-6.DAI P,ZOU J Y,TIAN J,et al.Integrated optimization of CO2emission mitigation in China power sector[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(14):1-6.
[29]谢龙.我国火力发电能耗状况研究及展望[J].通信电源技术,2016,33(1):165-166.XIE L.Research and prospects of energy consumption of thermal power generation in China[J].Telecom Power Technology,2016,33(1):165-166.
[30]杨勇平,杨志平,徐钢,等.中国火力发电能耗状况及展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(23):1-11.YANG Y P,YANG Z P,XU G,et al.Situation and prospect of energy consumption for China’s thermal power generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(23):1-11.