中医体质学说指导哮喘人群健康管理的思考
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摘要
中医认为,体质决定着人体对某些疾病的易患性,决定着人体患病后的发病倾向。中医体质学强调不仅要治人的"病",更要重视治病的"人"。在此基础上,中医体质学提出了"治病求本,本于体质"的理论,在指导哮喘患者的健康管理过程中应从精神、饮食、起居、运动4个方面入手,针对不同体质类型的哮喘患者给出具有针对性的调体方法:气虚体质者应进行适度的体育锻炼,不宜参加剧烈运动,以免大汗淋漓,进一步加重气虚;阳虚体质者可以多做跳跃性、拉伸性的运动,以助阳气的生发;痰湿体质者应加强体育锻炼,可进行高强度的有氧运动,同时结合饮食调养,可达到很好的消脂减肥的效果,使体内的痰湿得以外排;湿热质者宜多食具有清利化湿功效的食物,保持大便通畅,养成良好、规律的生活习惯;特禀体质者应保持积极乐观的心态,多与人沟通交流,尽量避免接触过敏原,减少室外活动,可选择在室内进行体育锻炼,在饮食方面宜食具有固护卫气、凉血消风功效的食物。
Chinese medicine believes that physical fitness determines the susceptibility of the human body to certain diseases and determines the predisposition of the human body after illness. TCM constitutional science emphasizes not only see the " illness" of treating people,but also see the " people" who suffer from the diseases. Based on this,TCM physique discipline puts forward the theory of " treating for the disease based on the physique". In the process of guiding the health management of asthma patients,it should start from the four aspects of spirit,diet,daily life and exercise. Different patients were given different method in body adjustment: people with Qi deficiency should do moderate physical exercise but should not participate in strenuous exercise to make sweating drench so as to avoid further Qi deficiency; people with Yang deficiency constitution can do more jumping and stretching exercise to promote the growth of Yang; those who have phlegm-wetness physique should strengthen physical exercise by carrying out high-intensity aerobic exercise,and at the same time combine with proper diet to achieve a good effect of cellulite and weight loss,so that the phlegm and wetness within the body can be discharged; people with hot and humid quality of constitution should eat more food that can clear the hot and humid,keep the stool smooth and develop a good,regular life habits; people with special constitution should maintain a positive and optimistic attitude,communicate more with others,try to avoid contact allergens and reduce outdoor activities. They can choose to exercise indoors,and eat foods that have the effect of strengthening the Wei Qi,cooling blood and dispelling wind.
Chinese medicine believes that physical fitness determines the susceptibility of the human body to certain diseases and determines the predisposition of the human body after illness. TCM constitutional science emphasizes not only see the " illness" of treating people,but also see the " people" who suffer from the diseases. Based on this,TCM physique discipline puts forward the theory of " treating for the disease based on the physique". In the process of guiding the health management of asthma patients,it should start from the four aspects of spirit,diet,daily life and exercise. Different patients were given different method in body adjustment: people with Qi deficiency should do moderate physical exercise but should not participate in strenuous exercise to make sweating drench so as to avoid further Qi deficiency; people with Yang deficiency constitution can do more jumping and stretching exercise to promote the growth of Yang; those who have phlegm-wetness physique should strengthen physical exercise by carrying out high-intensity aerobic exercise,and at the same time combine with proper diet to achieve a good effect of cellulite and weight loss,so that the phlegm and wetness within the body can be discharged; people with hot and humid quality of constitution should eat more food that can clear the hot and humid,keep the stool smooth and develop a good,regular life habits; people with special constitution should maintain a positive and optimistic attitude,communicate more with others,try to avoid contact allergens and reduce outdoor activities. They can choose to exercise indoors,and eat foods that have the effect of strengthening the Wei Qi,cooling blood and dispelling wind.
引文
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[13]刘映玲,郑艳萍,黄慧芳,等. 591例支气管哮喘儿童中医体质类型调查研究[J].世界中西医结合杂志,2016,11(1):80-96.
[14]王琦.中医体质学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.
[15]黄碧茂.哮喘从湿热论治体会[J].实用中医药杂志,2005,21(12):757.
[2]ANANDAN C,NURMATOV U,VAN SCHAYCK O C P,et al. Is the prevalence of asthma declining Systematic review of epidemiological studies[J]. Allergy,2010,65(2):152-167.
[3]罗仁,曹文富.中医内科学[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:509.
[4]王培玉.健康管理学[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2012:395.
[5]杨迎春,巢健茜,王小雨,等.健康管理现状及发展趋势探析[J].现代预防医学,2008,35(22):4401-4403.
[6]林泽军. 60例哮喘患者的健康教育与管理[J].中国医药导报,2010,7(4):104-107.
[7]王晓芬.健康管理理念在儿童哮喘防治中的应用研究[J].中外医学研究,2013,11(25):134-135.
[8]黄始建.美国的健康管理:源自无法遏制的医疗费用增长[J].中华医学杂志,2006,86(15):1011-1013.
[9]李英帅,王济,李玲孺,等.体质辨识参与社区健康管理的成效分析[J].世界中西医结合杂志,2015,10(2):247-258.
[10]任小娟,王琦.应用《中医体质分类判定标准》进行个体化健康管理研究初探[J].中国卫生事业管理,2007,13(9):580-581.
[11]耿嘉玮,乔会秀. 80例支气管哮喘患者中医体质分布特点及其与证候的关系[J].环球中医药,2012,5(8):582-584.
[12]狄冠麟,刘桂颖,胡珀,等.支气管哮喘缓解期中医体质和证候的分布及分析[J].中华中医药杂志,2015,30(6):1972-1974.
[13]刘映玲,郑艳萍,黄慧芳,等. 591例支气管哮喘儿童中医体质类型调查研究[J].世界中西医结合杂志,2016,11(1):80-96.
[14]王琦.中医体质学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.
[15]黄碧茂.哮喘从湿热论治体会[J].实用中医药杂志,2005,21(12):757.