三峡库区泥沙絮凝临界条件现场测量
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摘要
三峡库区絮凝现象是细颗粒泥沙淤积的重要原因,泥沙絮凝临界条件对三峡库区泥沙淤积规律和模拟具有重要意义。在三峡库区忠县和奉节河段开展泥沙絮凝的现场测量,基于声学多普勒流速仪(Acoustic Doppler Velo-cimeter,ADV)和泥沙采样测得同步的瞬时流速和含沙量,通过泥沙扩散理论反算现场泥沙沉速及絮团粒径,得到了三峡库区泥沙絮凝度及其与粒径、流速和含沙量的关系。结果表明:库区细颗粒泥沙发生絮凝,且多为中轻度絮凝,重度絮凝较少;库区泥沙絮凝的临界粒径约为0. 018 mm,临界流速约为0. 7 m/s,临界含沙量约为0. 8 kg/m~3。研究结果可为三峡库区泥沙的运动规律以及泥沙淤积模拟等提供一定的理论支撑。
Flocculation is the primary cause of fine sediment deposition in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR),and the critical conditions of flocculation is of great significance to the law and simulation of the sedimentation in the TGR.Field measurements of sediment flocculation were carried out at the Zhongxian and Fengjie reaches in the TGR during the flood season. Based on the acoustic backscatter intensity from ADV and sediment sampling,the instantaneous flow velocities and sediment concentrations were measured synchronously. The sediment settling velocities and floc sizes were calculated using the sediment diffusion theory. The relationships between flocculation degree and particle size,flow velocity and sediment concentration were obtained,respectively. Results show that the sediment flocs are mostly in the region of middle and light flocculation,but less in the region of heavy flocculation. The critical particle size of the sediment flocs is about 0. 018 mm,the critical flow velocity is about 0. 7 m/s,and the critical sediment concentration is about 0. 8 kg/m~3. This research can provide theoretical supports for the basic law of sediment transport and simulation of sedimentation in the TGR.
Flocculation is the primary cause of fine sediment deposition in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR),and the critical conditions of flocculation is of great significance to the law and simulation of the sedimentation in the TGR.Field measurements of sediment flocculation were carried out at the Zhongxian and Fengjie reaches in the TGR during the flood season. Based on the acoustic backscatter intensity from ADV and sediment sampling,the instantaneous flow velocities and sediment concentrations were measured synchronously. The sediment settling velocities and floc sizes were calculated using the sediment diffusion theory. The relationships between flocculation degree and particle size,flow velocity and sediment concentration were obtained,respectively. Results show that the sediment flocs are mostly in the region of middle and light flocculation,but less in the region of heavy flocculation. The critical particle size of the sediment flocs is about 0. 018 mm,the critical flow velocity is about 0. 7 m/s,and the critical sediment concentration is about 0. 8 kg/m~3. This research can provide theoretical supports for the basic law of sediment transport and simulation of sedimentation in the TGR.
引文
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[16]蒋国俊,姚炎明,唐子文.长江口细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降影响因素分析[J].海洋学报,2002,24(4):51-57.(JIANG GJ,YAO Y M,TANG Z W.The analysis for influencing factors of the sediment flocculation in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2002,24(4):51-57.(in Chinese))
[17]李文杰,黄亚非,杨胜发,等.基于ADV的三峡水库瞬时含沙量测量研究[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(11):69-76.(LI W J,HUANG Y F,YANG S F,et al.Study on measuring the instantaneous suspended sediment concentration in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on ADV[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(11):69-76.(in Chinese))
[18]FUGATE D C,FRIEDRICHS C T.Determining concentration and fall velocity of estuarine particle populations using ADV,OBSand LISST[J].Continental Shelf Research,2002,22(11/12/13):1867-1886.
[19]LI W J,YANG S F,HU J,et al.Field measurements of settling velocities of fine sediments in Three Gorges Reservoir using ADV[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2016,31(3):237-243.
[20]MAA P Y,KWON J I.Using ADV for cohesive sediment settling velocity measurements[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,73(1):351-354.
[2]LI W J,YANG S F,XIAO Y,et al.Rate and distribution of sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir,upper Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2018,144(8):05018006.
[3]LIN B N,DOU G R,XIE J H,et al.On some key sedimentation problems of Three Gorges Project(TGP)[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,1989,4(1):57-74.
[4]LI W J,WANG J,YANG S F,et al.Determining the existence of the fine sediment flocculation in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,141(2):05014008.
[5]李文杰,杨胜发,胡江,等.三峡库区细颗粒泥沙絮凝的试验研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015,23(5):851-859.(LI W J,YANG S F,HU J,et al.Experimental study on the fine sediment flocculation in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2015,23(5):851-859.(in Chinese))
[6]WANG D W,LIU X F,JI Z W,et al.Influence of flocculation on sediment deposition process at the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Water Science&Technology,2016,73(4):873-880.
[7]王党伟,吉祖稳,邓安军,等.絮凝对三峡水库泥沙沉降的影响[J].水利学报,2016,47(11):1389-1396.(WANG DW,JI Z W,DENG A J,et al.Effect of flocculation on sediment settlement of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(11):1389-1396.(in Chinese)
[8]杨铁笙,熊祥忠,詹秀玲,等.粘性细颗粒泥沙絮凝研究概述[J].水利水运工程学报,2003(2):65-77.(YANG T S,XIONG X Z,ZHAN X L,et al.Summary of research on flocculation of cohesive fine sediment[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2003(2):65-77.(in Chinese))
[9]李文杰,李娜,杨胜发,等.基于挟沙力的三峡水库泥沙淤积形态分析[J].水科学进展,2016,27(5):726-734.(LI WJ,LI N,YANG S F,et al.Analysis of the sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on the sediment carrying capacity[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(5):726-734.(in Chinese))
[10]董年虎,方春明,曹文洪.三峡水库不平衡泥沙输移规律[J].水利学报,2010,41(6):653-658.(DONG N H,FANGC M,CAO W H.Non-equilibrium sediment transport in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(6):653-658.(in Chinese))
[11]TSAI C H,IACOBELLIS S,LICK W.Flocculation of fine-grained lake sediments due to a uniform shear stress[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,1987,13(2):135-146.
[12]WILLIAMS N D,WALLING D E,LEEKS G J L.High temporal resolution in situ measurement of the effective particle size characteristics of fluvial suspended sediment[J].Water Research,2007,41(5):1081-1093.
[13]祖波,王军,李旺,等.三峡库区黏性泥沙在紊动剪切作用下的絮凝试验研究[J].水科学进展,2018,29(2):196-203.(ZU B,WANG J,LI W,et al.An experimental study on the effect of turbulent shear on flocculation of cohesive sediment in Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(2):196-203.(in Chinese))
[14]张志忠.长江口细颗粒泥沙基本特性研究[J].泥沙研究,1996(1):67-73.(ZHANG Z Z.Basic characteristics of fine sediment in the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Sediment Research,1996(1):67-73.(in Chinese))
[15]廖仁强,吴效红,孔繁涛.三峡工程深孔明流段体形选择[J].水力发电,1997(12):42-45.(LIAO R Q,WU X H,KONG F T.Shape selection of deep hole open flow section of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Water Power,1997(12):42-45.(in Chinese))
[16]蒋国俊,姚炎明,唐子文.长江口细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降影响因素分析[J].海洋学报,2002,24(4):51-57.(JIANG GJ,YAO Y M,TANG Z W.The analysis for influencing factors of the sediment flocculation in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2002,24(4):51-57.(in Chinese))
[17]李文杰,黄亚非,杨胜发,等.基于ADV的三峡水库瞬时含沙量测量研究[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(11):69-76.(LI W J,HUANG Y F,YANG S F,et al.Study on measuring the instantaneous suspended sediment concentration in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on ADV[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(11):69-76.(in Chinese))
[18]FUGATE D C,FRIEDRICHS C T.Determining concentration and fall velocity of estuarine particle populations using ADV,OBSand LISST[J].Continental Shelf Research,2002,22(11/12/13):1867-1886.
[19]LI W J,YANG S F,HU J,et al.Field measurements of settling velocities of fine sediments in Three Gorges Reservoir using ADV[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2016,31(3):237-243.
[20]MAA P Y,KWON J I.Using ADV for cohesive sediment settling velocity measurements[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,73(1):351-354.