发酵苹果渣对獭兔生长性能、养分消化率、小肠黏膜形态及分泌型免疫球蛋白A浓度的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究发酵苹果渣对獭兔生长性能、养分消化率、小肠黏膜形态及分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)浓度的影响。试验共选用96只、45日龄的健康獭兔,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只(公母各占1/2)。4组獭兔分别饲喂含0(对照,CK组)、9.6%(A组)、19.2%(B组)和28.8%(C组)发酵苹果渣的试验饲粮。预试期15 d,正试期50 d。结果显示:与CK组相比,C组獭兔平均日增重提高了14.69%(P <0.05),料重比降低了6. 63%(P <0. 05),腹泻率降低了19.64%(P<0.05); C组獭兔饲粮干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和粗纤维消化率分别提高了6.11%(P<0.05)、5.19%(P<0.05)、7.26%(P<0.05)和13.10%(P<0.05); C组獭兔空肠的绒毛长度和肠壁厚度分别增加了59.82%(P<0.05)和41.83%(P<0.05),同时十二指肠的隐窝深度降低了30.52%(P<0.05)。添加不同水平的发酵苹果渣对獭兔小肠中SIgA浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,在饲粮中添加28.8%的发酵苹果渣可以通过提高养分消化率,改善小肠黏膜形态来提高獭兔的生长性能,并可降低腹泻率,且对小肠中SIgA浓度无不良影响。
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of fermented apple pomace on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal mucosal morphology and secretory immunoglobulin( SIgA) concentration of Rex rabbits. Ninety-six Rex rabbits at 45 days of age were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and6 rabbits( half male and half female) per replicate. Rabbits in the 4 groups were fed experimental diets which contained 0( control,group CK),9.6%( group A),19.2%( group B) and 28.8%( group C) fermented apple pomace,respectively. The adaption period was 15 d,and the experiment period was 50 d. The results showed that the average daily gain of Rex rabbits in group C increased by 14.69%( P<0.05),the feed/gain decreased by 6.63%( P<0.05) and the diarrhea rate decreased by 19.64%( P<0.05) compared with group CK. The digestibility of dry matter,organic matter,crude protein and crude fibre in group C increased by 6.11%,5.19%,7.26% and 13. 10% compared with group CK( P < 0.05),respectively. The villus length and intestinal wall thickness of jejunum of Rex rabbits in group C increased by 59.82% and 41.83% compared with group CK( P<0.05),respectively,and the crypt depth of duodenum decreased by 30. 52% compared with group CK( P < 0.05). However,different supplemental levels of fermented apple pomace had no significant effect on intestinal SIgA concentration( P>0.05). The results indicate that supplementation of fermented apple pomace at 28.8% can improve the growth performance by promoting nutrient digestibility and intestinal mucosal morphology of Rex rabbits,and can decrease the diarrhea rate,but no harmful effect on intestinal SIgA concentration.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of fermented apple pomace on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal mucosal morphology and secretory immunoglobulin( SIgA) concentration of Rex rabbits. Ninety-six Rex rabbits at 45 days of age were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and6 rabbits( half male and half female) per replicate. Rabbits in the 4 groups were fed experimental diets which contained 0( control,group CK),9.6%( group A),19.2%( group B) and 28.8%( group C) fermented apple pomace,respectively. The adaption period was 15 d,and the experiment period was 50 d. The results showed that the average daily gain of Rex rabbits in group C increased by 14.69%( P<0.05),the feed/gain decreased by 6.63%( P<0.05) and the diarrhea rate decreased by 19.64%( P<0.05) compared with group CK. The digestibility of dry matter,organic matter,crude protein and crude fibre in group C increased by 6.11%,5.19%,7.26% and 13. 10% compared with group CK( P < 0.05),respectively. The villus length and intestinal wall thickness of jejunum of Rex rabbits in group C increased by 59.82% and 41.83% compared with group CK( P<0.05),respectively,and the crypt depth of duodenum decreased by 30. 52% compared with group CK( P < 0.05). However,different supplemental levels of fermented apple pomace had no significant effect on intestinal SIgA concentration( P>0.05). The results indicate that supplementation of fermented apple pomace at 28.8% can improve the growth performance by promoting nutrient digestibility and intestinal mucosal morphology of Rex rabbits,and can decrease the diarrhea rate,but no harmful effect on intestinal SIgA concentration.
引文
[1]张彪.中国苹果产业近7年产量、加工和贸易状况分析[J].中国果树,2018(4):106-108.
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[5]张鑫荣,杨志峰,崔保国,等.日粮中添加发酵苹果渣对滩羊羔羊育肥效果的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(2):79-80.
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[11]杨志峰,李作明,李爱华.日粮中添加发酵苹果渣对犊牛生长性能的影响[J].农业科学研究,2016,37(1):93-96.
[12]郭肖兰.复合酶、益生素、纳米硒、维生素E对断奶獭兔生长性能及免疫的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011:25-30.
[13]蒋立,胡茂,苟兴能.益生素添加水平对断奶獭兔肠道免疫力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(29):66-67,170.
[14]PHUOC T L,JAMIKORN U.Effects of probiotic supplement(Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus)on feed efficiency,growth performance,and microbial population of weaning rabbits[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2017,30(2):198-205.
[15]GUO M J,WU F H,HAO G G,et al.Bacillus subtilis improves immunity and disease resistance in rabbits[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2017,8:354.
[16]王国军,高印,来航线,等.益生菌发酵苹果渣对仔猪表观消化率、血清免疫指标、肠道菌群与形态的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(5):96-103.
[17]刘长忠,谢德华,薛祝林,等.发酵苹果渣对雏鹅生产性能和养分代谢率的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(7):1416-1418.
[18]陈姣姣.苹果渣发酵饲料不同形态蛋白质、氨基酸及酶活性影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014:18-79.
[19]刘壮壮.活性蛋白饲料优良菌株的筛选[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014:19-47.
[20]DIAZ A B,BLANDINO A,CARO I.Value added products from fermentation of sugars derived from agro-food residues[J].Trends in Food Science&Technology,2018,71:52-64.
[21]MADRERA R R,BEDRIANA R P,VALLES B S.Enhancement of the nutritional properties of apple pomace by fermentation with autochthonous yeasts[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2017,79:27-33.
[22]于修烛,李志西,杜双奎.苹果鲜渣保藏及其发酵分析[J].食品与发酵工业,2006,32(8):142-145.
[23]SAMANYA M,YAMAUCHI K E.Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var.natto[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2002,133(1):95-104.
[24]SONG J,XIAO K,KE Y L,et al.Effect of a probiotic mixture on intestinal microflora,morphology,and barrier integrity of broilers subjected to heat stress[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(3):581-588.
[25]CAO G T,ZENG X F,CHEN A G,et al.Effects of a probiotic,Enterococcus faecium,on growth performance,intestinal morphology,immune response,and cecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(11):2949-2955.
[26]薛立军,金玉.轮状病毒肠炎124例患儿肠道分泌型免疫球蛋白水平变化[J].实用儿科临床杂志,2004,19(11):956-957.
[2]刘方正,龚月生.干苹果渣对断奶幼兔血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(10):20-21.
[3]牛竹叶,魏拣选,刘福柱,等.苹果渣替代麦麸饲喂雏鸡效果试验[J].家畜生态学报,2005,26(5):39-40.
[4]廖云琼.苹果渣对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017:12-30.
[5]张鑫荣,杨志峰,崔保国,等.日粮中添加发酵苹果渣对滩羊羔羊育肥效果的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(2):79-80.
[6]谷子林.獭兔的饲料与营养[J].农村科技开发,2001(3):34-35.
[7]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1996:16-35.
[8]SAWAL R K,BHATIA D R,BHASIN V.Incorporation of dried apple pomace in the diet of weaner rabbits[J].Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition,1995,12(3):167-169.
[9]任战军,元振良,程佳,等.布列塔尼亚肉兔肥育期苹果渣-苜蓿型配合饲料的研制[J].家畜生态学报,2008,29(6):71-75.
[10]高印,王国军,来航线,等.益生菌发酵苹果渣对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和粪便微生物菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(5):1515-1524.
[11]杨志峰,李作明,李爱华.日粮中添加发酵苹果渣对犊牛生长性能的影响[J].农业科学研究,2016,37(1):93-96.
[12]郭肖兰.复合酶、益生素、纳米硒、维生素E对断奶獭兔生长性能及免疫的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011:25-30.
[13]蒋立,胡茂,苟兴能.益生素添加水平对断奶獭兔肠道免疫力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(29):66-67,170.
[14]PHUOC T L,JAMIKORN U.Effects of probiotic supplement(Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus)on feed efficiency,growth performance,and microbial population of weaning rabbits[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2017,30(2):198-205.
[15]GUO M J,WU F H,HAO G G,et al.Bacillus subtilis improves immunity and disease resistance in rabbits[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2017,8:354.
[16]王国军,高印,来航线,等.益生菌发酵苹果渣对仔猪表观消化率、血清免疫指标、肠道菌群与形态的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(5):96-103.
[17]刘长忠,谢德华,薛祝林,等.发酵苹果渣对雏鹅生产性能和养分代谢率的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(7):1416-1418.
[18]陈姣姣.苹果渣发酵饲料不同形态蛋白质、氨基酸及酶活性影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014:18-79.
[19]刘壮壮.活性蛋白饲料优良菌株的筛选[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014:19-47.
[20]DIAZ A B,BLANDINO A,CARO I.Value added products from fermentation of sugars derived from agro-food residues[J].Trends in Food Science&Technology,2018,71:52-64.
[21]MADRERA R R,BEDRIANA R P,VALLES B S.Enhancement of the nutritional properties of apple pomace by fermentation with autochthonous yeasts[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2017,79:27-33.
[22]于修烛,李志西,杜双奎.苹果鲜渣保藏及其发酵分析[J].食品与发酵工业,2006,32(8):142-145.
[23]SAMANYA M,YAMAUCHI K E.Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var.natto[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2002,133(1):95-104.
[24]SONG J,XIAO K,KE Y L,et al.Effect of a probiotic mixture on intestinal microflora,morphology,and barrier integrity of broilers subjected to heat stress[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(3):581-588.
[25]CAO G T,ZENG X F,CHEN A G,et al.Effects of a probiotic,Enterococcus faecium,on growth performance,intestinal morphology,immune response,and cecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(11):2949-2955.
[26]薛立军,金玉.轮状病毒肠炎124例患儿肠道分泌型免疫球蛋白水平变化[J].实用儿科临床杂志,2004,19(11):956-957.