不同零售合同模式下的售电公司多目标购售电决策建模
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摘要
竞争性的售电市场环境中,为客户提供灵活多样的零售业务是提升售电公司竞争力的关键。根据售电公司与客户对于利润和风险的不同偏好,提出2种零售合同模式:固定价差合同与直接分成合同。考虑零售合同价格机制对客户用电行为的激励,建立了价格型需求响应模型;为促进客户主动参与电能管理,建立了激励型需求响应模型;并建立了零售合同模式下考虑售电公司收益与客户电费支出满意度的售电公司多目标购售电决策模型;最后,进行了案例验证。其中,针对售电公司不同负荷特性的工商业客户对于零售合同的自由选择构建了4种购售电方案,并在帕累托前沿中寻找兼顾售电公司和工商业客户利益的多目标函数折中解,可以分析售电公司的最优费率制定方案、双边合同电量分配方案以及现货市场购电方案等,为售电公司购售电决策提供参考。
In a competitive environment of electricity sale market,providing customers with flexible and diverse retail business is the key point to improve the competitiveness of electricity retailer.According to the different preferences of electricity retailer and customers for profit and risk,fixed spread contract and direct sharing contract are proposed.Considering the incentive of retail contract price mechanism on customers' behavior,a price-based demand response model is established.In order to promote customers' enthusiasm in power management,an incentive demand response model is established.Then,a multiobjective procurement and sale strategy model of electricity retailer is established under retail contract modes considering the interests of electricity retailer and customers' electric cost expenditure satisfaction.Finally,case verification is conducted.Four electricity purchase schemes are constructed to model the free choice of retail contracts by two type customers with different load characteristics.Compromise solutions of the multi-objective function taking into account the interests of electricity retailer and customers are found in the Pareto frontier,then the optimal pricing scheme,the electricity energy allocation scheme of bilateral contracts and the electricity purchase scheme in the spot market are analyzed,which can provide reference of the electricity procurement and sale strategies for electricity retailer.
In a competitive environment of electricity sale market,providing customers with flexible and diverse retail business is the key point to improve the competitiveness of electricity retailer.According to the different preferences of electricity retailer and customers for profit and risk,fixed spread contract and direct sharing contract are proposed.Considering the incentive of retail contract price mechanism on customers' behavior,a price-based demand response model is established.In order to promote customers' enthusiasm in power management,an incentive demand response model is established.Then,a multiobjective procurement and sale strategy model of electricity retailer is established under retail contract modes considering the interests of electricity retailer and customers' electric cost expenditure satisfaction.Finally,case verification is conducted.Four electricity purchase schemes are constructed to model the free choice of retail contracts by two type customers with different load characteristics.Compromise solutions of the multi-objective function taking into account the interests of electricity retailer and customers are found in the Pareto frontier,then the optimal pricing scheme,the electricity energy allocation scheme of bilateral contracts and the electricity purchase scheme in the spot market are analyzed,which can provide reference of the electricity procurement and sale strategies for electricity retailer.
引文
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[2]宋健京,陈永华,杨冬梅,等.售电侧放开后新型售电市场运营机制研究[J].电力需求侧管理,2018,20(5):20-24.SONG Jianjing,CHEN Yonghua,YANG Dongmei,et al.Research of new retail electricity market operation mechanism after the opening of retail electricity side[J].Power Demand Side Management,2018,20(5):20-24.
[3]闫豪楠,赵文会,刘玮.考虑新能源参与的售电公司风险管理模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):6351-6362.YAN Haonan,ZHAO Wenhui,LIU Wei.A r i s k management model of power retailers considering the participation of new energy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(5):6351-6362.
[4]顾伟,任佳依,高君.含分布式电源和可调负荷的售电公司优化调度模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):37-45.GU Wei,REN Jiayi,GAO jun.Optimal dispatching model of electricity retailers considering distributed generator and adjustable load[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2017,41(14):37-45.
[5]WEI Wei,LIU Feng,MEI Shengwei.Energy pricing and dispatch for smart grid retailers under demand response and market price uncertainty[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(3):1364-1374.
[6]MENG Song,MIKAEL Amelin.Optimal bidding strategy of retailers in a mixed pool-bilateral market considering demand response programs[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,35(4):136-143.
[7]JANNE Kettunen,AHTI Salo,DEREK W Bunn.Riskconstrained strategic bidding of gencos considering demand response[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,3(1):376-385.
[8]曹昉,李欣宁,刘思佳.基于消费者参考价格决策及用户黏性的售电套餐优化[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(44):67-75.CAO Fang,LI Xinning,LIU Sijia.Optimization of sales package for end-users based on user stickiness and reference pricing decision of consumers[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2018,42(44):67-75.
[9]杨用春,穆启天,高亚静.考虑谐波治理的售电公司供电服务套餐设计[J].电力建设,2018,39(7):32-41.YANG Yongchun,MU Qitian,GAO Yajing.Design of power supply service plan for electric company considering harmonic management[J].Electric Power Construction,2018,39(7):32-41.
[10]曲朝阳,冯荣强,曲楠.基于电力交易用户最优特征子集的售电套餐推荐方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,36(23):635-645.QU Zhaoyang,FENG Rongqiang,QU Nan.Recommendation method of electricity selling packages based on optimal feature subset of electricity trading users[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,36(23):635-645.
[11]翟亚飞,刘继春,刘俊勇.多种电价形式和负荷类型下售电公司的定价策略[J].供用电,2018,35(8):73-78,83.ZHAI Yafei,LIU Jichun,LIU Junyong.Pricing strategy of power-retailing company under various price forms and load types[J].Distribution&Utilization,2018,35(8):73-78,83.
[12]王敏,姜远志,石逸,等.一种基于浮动电价的销售电价定价策略[J].广东电力,2018,31(6):14-18.WANG Min,JIANG Yuanzhi,SHI Yi,et al.Pricing strategy for sales price based on floating electricity price[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2018,31(6):14-18.
[13]王林炎,张粒子,张凡.售电公司购售电业务决策与风险评估[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(1):47-56.WANG Linyan,ZHANG Lizi,ZHANG Fan.Decisionmaking and risk assessment of purchasing and selling business for electricity retailers[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2018,42(1):47-56.
[14]王星华,周亚武,李壮茂,等.计及需求响应的售电公司运营机制研究[J].智慧电力,2018,46(2):1-6.WANG Xinghua,ZHOU Yawu,LI Zhuangmao,et al.Research of operating mechanism of electricity sales company with demand response[J].Smart Power,2018,46(2):1-6.
[15]刘静,罗先觉.采用多目标随机黑洞粒子群优化算法的环境经济发电调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(34):105-112.LIU Jing,LUO Xianjue.Environmental economic dispatching adopting multiobjective random black-hole particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(34):105-112.
[16]孙力勇,张焰,蒋传文.基于SP/A决策思想的发电公司报价决策模型及求解方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31):68-73.SUN Liyong,ZHANG Yan,JIANG Chuanwen.Adecision-making model and its solution of genco’s bidding strategy based on SP/A theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(31):68-73.
[17]成都市发展和改革委员会.关于降低地方电网一般工商业用电价格等有关事项的通知(成发改价格[2016]729号)[Z].2016.
[18]四川省发展和改革委员会.关于四川电网2017-2019年输配电价及有关事项的通知(川发改价格[2017]378号)[Z].2017.