焙烧酸浸渣中铜的形态对铜、金浸出率的影响
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摘要
以某黄金冶炼厂含铜金精矿为研究对象,采用铜化学物相分析及浸出方法研究了焙烧-酸浸-氰化工艺处理含铜金精矿过程中焙烧酸浸渣中铜形态对铜、金浸出率的影响.结果表明,含铜金精矿焙烧酸浸及氰化浸出时,铜形态对铜、金浸出率有显著影响,当酸浸渣中氰化易溶铜(氧化铜、次生硫化铜)含量大于0.10%时,金浸出率降低.以原生硫化铜矿为主的含铜金精矿,适当提高焙烧温度、延长焙烧时间、增加初始酸浸酸度可有效降低酸浸渣中氰化易溶铜含量,提高铜浸出率,减弱其对金浸出率的影响.
Taking gold-copper concentrate of a certain gold smelting plant as the research object determined changing situation of distribution of copper oxide, secondary sulfide copper and primary sulfide copper in calcine and acid leaching residue at different roasting temperature, roasting time and initial acid concentration of acid leaching; researched influence of copper morphology on copper and gold leaching rates in calcine and acid leaching residue with way of leaching. And ascertained the measures to improve the copper leaching rate of the gold-copper concentrate. The results showed that the morphology of copper had a significant influence on copper and gold leaching rate when gold-copper concentrate was treated by roasting-acid leaching-cyanidation process. When the content of cyanide soluble copper(copper oxide and secondary sulfide copper) in acid leaching residue was beyond 0.10%, the gold leaching rate was reduced. The gold-copper concentrate bearing mainly primary sulfide copper mine obtained a good indicator in the roasting temperature 690℃, roasting time 1.5 h, initial acid concentration of acid leaching 35 g/L, quality of leaching liquid-solid ratio 3:1, leaching time 1 h, leaching temperature 85 ℃, initial concentration of NaCN 1.0~1.2 g/L, leaching time 24 h, pH of system 10~11, mass ratio of leaching liquid to solid 2:1. The copper leaching rate reached 95.40%, and gold leaching rate was up to 97.33%. The measures to improve the copper leaching rate of the gold-copper concentrate are increasing roasting temperature from 650℃ to 690 ℃, extending the roasting time from 1.0 h to 1.5 h and increasing initial acid concentration of acid leaching from 30 g/L to 35 g/L. Gold-copper concentrate bearing mainly primary sulfide copper mine can effectively reduce cyanide soluble copper content in the acid leaching residue by increasing roasting temperature, extending the roasting time and increasing initial acid concentration of acid leaching. These measures improved the leaching rate of copper meanwhile reduced the impact on gold leaching rate.
Taking gold-copper concentrate of a certain gold smelting plant as the research object determined changing situation of distribution of copper oxide, secondary sulfide copper and primary sulfide copper in calcine and acid leaching residue at different roasting temperature, roasting time and initial acid concentration of acid leaching; researched influence of copper morphology on copper and gold leaching rates in calcine and acid leaching residue with way of leaching. And ascertained the measures to improve the copper leaching rate of the gold-copper concentrate. The results showed that the morphology of copper had a significant influence on copper and gold leaching rate when gold-copper concentrate was treated by roasting-acid leaching-cyanidation process. When the content of cyanide soluble copper(copper oxide and secondary sulfide copper) in acid leaching residue was beyond 0.10%, the gold leaching rate was reduced. The gold-copper concentrate bearing mainly primary sulfide copper mine obtained a good indicator in the roasting temperature 690℃, roasting time 1.5 h, initial acid concentration of acid leaching 35 g/L, quality of leaching liquid-solid ratio 3:1, leaching time 1 h, leaching temperature 85 ℃, initial concentration of NaCN 1.0~1.2 g/L, leaching time 24 h, pH of system 10~11, mass ratio of leaching liquid to solid 2:1. The copper leaching rate reached 95.40%, and gold leaching rate was up to 97.33%. The measures to improve the copper leaching rate of the gold-copper concentrate are increasing roasting temperature from 650℃ to 690 ℃, extending the roasting time from 1.0 h to 1.5 h and increasing initial acid concentration of acid leaching from 30 g/L to 35 g/L. Gold-copper concentrate bearing mainly primary sulfide copper mine can effectively reduce cyanide soluble copper content in the acid leaching residue by increasing roasting temperature, extending the roasting time and increasing initial acid concentration of acid leaching. These measures improved the leaching rate of copper meanwhile reduced the impact on gold leaching rate.
引文
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[18]姜涛,谭跃雄.提金化学[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1998:267-272.Jiang T,Tan Y X.Chemical of extraction metallurgy of gold[M].Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press,1998:267-272.
[2]马芳源,代淑娟,刘淑杰.中国难处理金矿石研究现状[J].黄金,2017,38(1):64-67.Ma F Y,Dai S J,Liu S J.Current research status of refractory gold ores in China[J].Gold,2017,38(1):64-67.
[3]贺秀珍,钟清慎,马玉天,等.复杂金精矿矿物特性及焙烧预处理工艺研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2014,66(8):38-41.He X Z,Zhong Q S,Ma Y T,et al.Study of mineral charac teristics and roasting pretreatment technology of complex gold concentrate[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2014,66(8):38-41.
[4]刘亚建.复杂含铜金精矿铜回收工艺研究[J].矿产保护与利用,2013,33(1):28-31.Liu Y J.Recovery of copper from a refractory gold concentrate[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,2013,33(1):28-31.
[5]衷水平.含铜难处理金精矿焙烧-酸浸-氰化提金工艺研究[J].黄金科学技术,2013,21(2):82-85.Zhong S P.Roasting-acid leaching-cyanidation of refractory gold concentrate containing copper[J].Gold Science and Technology,2013,21(2):82-85.
[6]王瑞祥,曾斌,余攀,等.含多金属复杂金精矿焙烧预处理-提取金、银、铜研究[J].稀有金属,2014,38(1):86-92.Wang R X,Zeng B,Yu P,et al.Roasting pretreatment of poly-metallic and complex gold concentrate to extract gold,silver and copper[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2014,38(1):86-92.
[7]谢敏雄,王宝胜,丁辉.含铜金精矿氰化过程铜氰配位数的计算及意义[J].黄金科学技术,2008,16(5):46-48.Xie M X,Wang B S,Ding H.The theoretical calculation and significance to the coordination number of copper cyanide complexes by cyanidation-leaching for gold concentrate.[J].Gold Science and Technology,2008,16(5):46-48.
[8]崔日成,杨洪英,陈森,等.难处理金矿中伴生矿物对氰化浸出的影响[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(9):1291-1294.Cui R C,Yang H Y,Chen S,et al.Effect of associated minerals on cyanide leaching gold in refractory gold ore[J].Journal of Northeast University(Natural Science),2011,32(9):1291-1294.
[9]Oraby E A,Eksteen J J,Tanda B C.Gold and copper leaching from gold-copper ores and concentrates using a synergistic lixiviant mixture of glycine and cyanide[J].Hydrometallurgy,2017,169:339-345.
[10]Dai X W,Simons A,Breuer P.A review of copper cyanide recovery technologies for the cyanidation of copper containing gold ores[J].Miner.Eng.,2012,25(1):1-13.
[11]南君芳,李林波,杨志祥.金精矿焙烧预处理冶炼技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2010:61.Nan J F,Li L B,Yang Z X.Smelting technology of roasting pretreatment of gold concentrate[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2010:61.
[12]黄礼煌.化学选矿[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2012:55.Huang L H.Chemical mineral processing[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2012:55.
[13]田国才,胡均贤,字富庭.氧化剂在黄铜矿氧化浸出中应用的研究进展[J].过程工程学报,2017,17(4):664-676.Tian G C,Hu J X,Zi F T.Research advances in applications of oxidants in oxidation leaching of chalcopyrite[J].Chin.J.Process Eng.,2017,17(4):664-676.
[14]姜涛,罗淑华.铜矿物类型对金氰化浸出影响的研究[J].黄金,1990,11(8):25-29.Jiang T,Luo S H.A study on effects of copper minerals on cyanide leaching of gold[J].Gold,1990,11(8):25-29.
[15]唐道文,高鹏,陈亮,等.焙烧预处理过程中硫的转化对浸金的影响[J].贵金属,2016,37(4):63-65,70.Tang D W,Gao P,Chen L,et al.The influence of desulfurization on gold leaching in the process of roasting pretreatment[J].Precious Metals,2016,37(4):63-65,70.
[16]陈国玺,张月明.矿物热分析粉晶分析相变图谱手册[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989:52.Chen G X,Zhang Y M.Crystal power analysis handbook of thermal analysis of minerals[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,1989:52.
[17]林鸿汉.含砷炭复杂难处理铜金精矿焙烧工艺研究[J].矿产综合利用,2014,35(6):49-53.Lin H H.Research on roasting process for a complex refractory copper gold concentrate containing carbon and arsenic[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,2014,35(6):49-53.
[18]姜涛,谭跃雄.提金化学[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1998:267-272.Jiang T,Tan Y X.Chemical of extraction metallurgy of gold[M].Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press,1998:267-272.