大型灌区骨干水库分期旱限水位研究
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摘要
水库作为常见的重要水利工程设施,在区域水资源承载力水量、水质、水生态和水流更新等要素调控中具有举足轻重的地位和作用,在降水径流减少的枯水季节显得尤其重要。旱限水位是水库在低水位调度运行的控制性特征水位,其合理设置与科学运用对区域水资源高效利用意义重大。为此以淠史杭灌区梅山水库的来水特性和用户需水特性为基础,首先采用Hausdorff维数分形方法划分了梅山水库入库径流干旱预警时段,进而通过不同水平年各预警期内来水、供水调节计算了初始旱限水位:旱警水位和旱枯水位,并以水库灌区水资源系统长系列模拟模型及优化模型为依托,优化确定了梅山水库不同预警期的旱限水位,最后分别从水库运行、灌区灌溉、生产生活供水、生态用水以及水力发电等多角度评估了旱限水位的合理性,为水利部门指导水库灌区抗旱运行,制订相应抗旱预案提供技术参考。
As a common water conservancy project,especially in dry season with reduced rainfall and run-off, the reservoir plays an important role in water resources carrying capacity(WRCC), including waterquantity,water quality,water ecology and water-flowing renewal. The drought limited water level is a con-trolled characteristic water line of reservoir when it is running at low water level. In this study, based onthe characteristics of water inflow of Meishan reservoir in Pishihang Irrigation District and the characteris-tics of water demand from different users,the Hausdorff dimension fractal method is used to divide the in-flow process of Meishan reservoir into several periods firstly, then the initial drought limited water level(subdivided into drought warning water level and dry water level) is calculated by water inflow and watersupply in early-warning periods of different typical years. Based on the long series of simulation model andoptimization model of water resources system in reservoir and irrigation district,the paper optimizes and de-termines the drought limited water level of Meishan reservoir in different early-warning periods. Finally,therationality of drought limited water level is evaluated from several aspects such as reservoir operation,irriga-tion, production and living water consumption, ecological water supply and hydropower generation, whichprovides technical reference for the water conservancy department to guide drought relief operation in reser-voir irrigation area and formulate corresponding drought relief plan.
As a common water conservancy project,especially in dry season with reduced rainfall and run-off, the reservoir plays an important role in water resources carrying capacity(WRCC), including waterquantity,water quality,water ecology and water-flowing renewal. The drought limited water level is a con-trolled characteristic water line of reservoir when it is running at low water level. In this study, based onthe characteristics of water inflow of Meishan reservoir in Pishihang Irrigation District and the characteris-tics of water demand from different users,the Hausdorff dimension fractal method is used to divide the in-flow process of Meishan reservoir into several periods firstly, then the initial drought limited water level(subdivided into drought warning water level and dry water level) is calculated by water inflow and watersupply in early-warning periods of different typical years. Based on the long series of simulation model andoptimization model of water resources system in reservoir and irrigation district,the paper optimizes and de-termines the drought limited water level of Meishan reservoir in different early-warning periods. Finally,therationality of drought limited water level is evaluated from several aspects such as reservoir operation,irriga-tion, production and living water consumption, ecological water supply and hydropower generation, whichprovides technical reference for the water conservancy department to guide drought relief operation in reser-voir irrigation area and formulate corresponding drought relief plan.
引文
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[22]张礼兵,张展羽,金菊良,等.水库灌区库塘水资源系统模拟模型研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(4/5):385-389.
[23]金菊良,丁晶.水资源系统工程[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2002.
[2]夏军,石卫,雒新萍,等.气候变化下水资源脆弱性的适应性管理新认识[J].水科学进展,2015,26(2):279-285.
[3]刘宁.中国干旱预警水文方法探析[J].水科学进展,2014,25(3):444-450.
[4]中华人民共和国水利部.旱情等级标准:SL424—2008[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.
[5]金菊良,宋占智,崔毅,等.旱灾风险评估与调控关键技术研究进展[J].水利学报,2016,47(3):398-412.
[6]曹正池.试述江河干旱告警水位制定办法[C]//水生态监测与分析论文集.中国水利学会水文专业委员会,济南,2008.
[7]国家防洪抗旱总指挥部办公室.旱限水位(流量)的确定办法[Z].2011.
[8]杨玉和.闹德海水库旱限水位确定方法的探讨[J].农业与技术,2012,32(5):28-29.
[9]钱斌.信阳市鲇鱼山水库旱限水位分析确定[J].河南水利与南水北调,2016(9):67-68.
[10]吴逊.于桥水库旱限水位分析及水情预警系统研究[D].天津:天津大学,2016.
[11]刘攀,李立平,吴荣飞,等.论水库旱限水位分期控制的必要性与计算方法探讨[J].水资源研究,2012,33(1):52-56.
[12]宋树东,朱文才.水库旱限水位分期确定的研究[J].长春理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,37(3):160-163.
[13]曹润祥.面向水资源常态与应急综合管理的水库汛限旱限水位调整技术研究[D].天津:天津大学,2015.
[14]彭少明,王煜,张永永,等.多年调节水库旱限水位优化控制研究[J].水利学报,2016,47(4):552-559.
[15]张永永,彭少明,白海涛.基于改进人工鱼群算法的旱限水位优化控制[J].人民黄河,2017,39(11):38-41,46.
[16]KUO S F,LIU C W,CHEN S K.Comparative study of optimization techniques for irrigation project planning[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2003,39(1):59-73.
[17]MORADI J M,RODIN S I,MARINO M A.Use of genetic algorithm in optimization of irrigation pumping stations[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2004,130(5):357-365.
[18]金菊良,原晨阳,蒋尚明,等.基于水量供需平衡分析的江淮丘陵区塘坝灌区抗旱能力评价[J].水利学报,2013,44(5):534-541.
[19]汤广民,曹成.安徽省农业旱灾特征及其对粮食生产的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(6):47-50.
[20]侯玉,吴伯贤,郑国权.分形理论用于洪水分期的初步探讨[J].水科学进展,1999,10(2):140-143.
[21]胡家露.梅山水库汛期分期与汛限水位研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2015.
[22]张礼兵,张展羽,金菊良,等.水库灌区库塘水资源系统模拟模型研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(4/5):385-389.
[23]金菊良,丁晶.水资源系统工程[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2002.