四川盆地东部构造-热演化:来自镜质体反射率和磷灰石裂变径迹的约束
|
摘要
利用镜质体反射率(Ro)和磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)数据,对四川盆地东部不同地区的古地温梯度、古热流、剥蚀量进行了研究。AFT模拟结果表明,四川盆地东部在晚白垩世早期(100~80 Ma)开始抬升,抬升剥蚀过程具有一定的阶段性且不同地区存在差异:以约30 Ma为界,重庆北碚地区表现为两期冷却,先期冷却缓慢,后期冷却迅速;川东北持续的冷却过程虽有波动但冷却速率差别较小。依据重建的最高古地温剖面恢复了侏罗系顶部不整合面的剥蚀量,川东北普光地区剥蚀量在2.45~2.85km,鄂西渝东地区齐岳山复背斜北部剥蚀量较大,达3.65km,齐岳山复背斜南部剥蚀量2.67km,川东南地区剥蚀量2.05km。研究区的构造热演化表现为既存在抬升剥蚀又存在盆地冷却效应的双重作用:由三叠纪至今,研究区地温梯度和热流持续降低,地温梯度由30~38℃/km降低至20~23℃/km;热流由70~85mW/m2降低至50~55mW/m2。
Based on the vitrinite reflectance(Ro)and apatite fission track(AFT)data,the tectono-thermal evolution in the eastern Sichuan Basin has been reconstructed and studied in regarding to paleo-temperature gradient,paleo-heat flow and erosion thickness.The AFT modeling result reveals a continuous uplifting since the Early Cretaceous(100-80 Ma)in the stages of regional characteristics in different areas.Two cooling stages,bounded by~30 Ma,existed in the Beibei & Chongqing areas with marked difference in the cooling rates;on the contrary,there was no obvious difference in the cooling rates in the northeastern Sichuan basin,although cooling rates fluctuated in different stages in this area.In addition,the erosion thicknesses of the unconformities on the top of the residual Jurassic have been determined from the maximum paleo-temperature profiles to be 2.45-2.85 km,3.65 km,2.67 km and 2.05 km in the Puguang area,the north of the Qiyueshan anticline,the south and southeastern Sichuan basin,respectively.It is shown that the tectono-thermal evolution is characterized by denudation and cooling since Triassic:the temperature gradient reduced to 20-23℃/km from 30-38℃/km;and the heat flow reduced to 50-55mW/m~2 from 70-85mW/m~2 in the eastern Sichuan basin accordingly.
Based on the vitrinite reflectance(Ro)and apatite fission track(AFT)data,the tectono-thermal evolution in the eastern Sichuan Basin has been reconstructed and studied in regarding to paleo-temperature gradient,paleo-heat flow and erosion thickness.The AFT modeling result reveals a continuous uplifting since the Early Cretaceous(100-80 Ma)in the stages of regional characteristics in different areas.Two cooling stages,bounded by~30 Ma,existed in the Beibei & Chongqing areas with marked difference in the cooling rates;on the contrary,there was no obvious difference in the cooling rates in the northeastern Sichuan basin,although cooling rates fluctuated in different stages in this area.In addition,the erosion thicknesses of the unconformities on the top of the residual Jurassic have been determined from the maximum paleo-temperature profiles to be 2.45-2.85 km,3.65 km,2.67 km and 2.05 km in the Puguang area,the north of the Qiyueshan anticline,the south and southeastern Sichuan basin,respectively.It is shown that the tectono-thermal evolution is characterized by denudation and cooling since Triassic:the temperature gradient reduced to 20-23℃/km from 30-38℃/km;and the heat flow reduced to 50-55mW/m~2 from 70-85mW/m~2 in the eastern Sichuan basin accordingly.
引文
[1]康竹林.中国深层天然气勘探前景[J].天然气工业,2000,20(5):1-4.
[2]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等.四川盆地天然气特征及气源[J].地学前缘,2006,13(2):234-248.
[3]朱光有,张水昌.中国深层油气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):793-802.
[4]刘树根,邓宾,钟勇,等.四川盆地及周缘下古生界页岩气深埋藏-强改造独特地质作用[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):11-28.
[5]郭彤楼.涪陵页岩气田发现的启示与思考[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):29-43.
[6]张功成.源热共控论[J].石油学报,2012,33(5):723-738.
[7]胡召齐,朱光,刘国生,等.川东“侏罗山式”褶皱带形成时代:不整合面的证据[J].地质论评,2009,55(1):32-42.
[8]王平,刘少峰,郜瑭珺,等.川东弧形带三维构造扩展的AFT记录[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(5):1662-1673.
[9]袁玉松,孙冬胜,周雁,等.中上扬子地区印支期以来抬升剥蚀时限的确定[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):362-369.
[10]梅廉夫,刘昭茜,汤济广,等.湘鄂西—川东中生代陆内递进扩展变形:来自裂变径迹和平衡剖面的证据[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2010,35(2):161-174.
[11]沈传波,梅廉夫,郭彤楼.川东北地区中、新生代热历史的裂变径迹分析[J].天然气工业,2007,27(7):24-26.
[12]田云涛,朱传庆,徐明,等.晚白垩世以来川东北地区的剥蚀历史:多类低温热年代学数据综合剖面的制约[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(3):807-816.
[13]TIAN Y,KOHN B,ZHU C,et al.Post-orogenic evolution of the Mesozoic Micang Shan Foreland Basin system,central China[J].Basin Research,2012,24:70-90.
[14]卢庆治,胡圣标,郭彤楼,等.川东北地区异常高压形成的地温场背景[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1110-1116.
[15]卢庆治,马永生,郭彤楼,等.鄂西—渝东地区热史恢复及烃源岩成烃史[J].地质科学,2007,42(1):189-198.
[16]邱楠生,秦建中,MCINNES B I A,等.川东北地区构造-热演化探讨:来自(U-Th)/He年龄和Ro的约束[J].高校地质学报,2008,14(2):223-230.
[17]吴群,彭金宁.川东北地区埋藏史及热史分析:以普光2井为例[J].石油试验地质,2013,35(2):133-138.
[18]郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.四川盆地形成与演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
[19]YAN D,ZHOU M,SONG H,et al.Origin and tectonic significance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within the Yangtze Block(South China)[J].Tectonophysics,2003,361:239-254.
[20]徐明,朱传庆,田云涛,等.四川盆地钻孔温度测量及现今地热特征[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(4):1052-1060.
[21]胡圣标,张容燕,周礼成.油气盆地地热史恢复方法[J].勘探家,1998,3(4):52-55.
[22]邱楠生,胡圣标,何丽娟.沉积盆地热体制研究的理论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[23]胡圣标,何丽娟,朱传庆,等.海相盆地热史恢复方法体系[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(5):607-613.
[24]GREEN P F,DUDDY I R,GLEADOW A J W,et al.Fission track annealing in apatite:track length measurements and the form of the Arrhenius Plot[J].Nuclear Tracks,1985,10:323-328.
[25]GREEN P F,DUDDY I R,GLEADOW A J W,et al.Thermal annealing of fission tracks in apatite:1.A qualitative description[J].Chemical Geology,1986,59:237-253.
[26]李天义,周雁,方石,等.磷灰石裂变径迹年龄测试分析新方法:激光剥蚀-ICPMS法[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(4):550-557.
[27]GLEADOW A J W.Fission-track dating methods:what are the real alternatives?[J].Nuclear Tracks,1981,5(1/2):3-14.
[28]GLEADOW A J W,DUDDY I R,GREEN P F,et al.Fission track analysis:a new tool for the evaluation of thermal histories and hydrocarbon potential[J].Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Journal,1983,23:93-102.
[29]GLEADOW A J W,FITZGERALD P G.Uplift history and structure of the Transantarctic Mountains:new evidence from fission track dating of basement apatites in the Dry Valleys area southern Victoria Land[J].Earth and Planetary Sci-ence Letters,1987,82(1/2):1-14.
[30]FITZGERALD P G,GLEADOW A J W.New approaches in fission track geochronology as a tectonic tool:examples from the transantarctic mountains[J].Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements,1990,17(3):351-357.
[31]FITZGERALD P G,STUMP E,REDFIELD T F.Late Cenozoic uplift of Denali and its relation to relative plate motion and fault morphology[J].Science,1993,259:497-499.
[32]ARMSTRONG P A,KAMP P J J,ALLIS,et al.Thermal effects of intrusion below the Taranaki Basin(New Zealand):evidence from combined apatite fission track age and vitrinite reflectance data[J].Basin Research,1997,9(2):151-169.
[33]ARMSTRONG P A.Thermo chronometers in sedimentary Basins[J].Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,2005,58(1):499-525.
[34]KETCHAM R A,CARTER A,DONELICK R A,et al.Improved modeling of fission-trackannealing in apatite[J].American Mineralogist,2007,92:799-810.
[35]ZHU C,QIU N,CAO H,et al.Paleo-geothermal reconstruction and thermal evolution of the source rocks in the Puguang gas field,Northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Earth Science,2016,27(5):796-806.
[36]HOOD D,GUTJAHR C C M.Organic metamorphism and the generation of petroleum[J].AAPG Bulletin,1975,59:986-996.
[37]LERCHE I,YARZAB R F,KENDALL C G.Determination of paleoheat flux from vitrinite reflectance data[J].AAPG Bulletin,1984,68(11):1704-1717.
[38]BRAUN R L,BURMHAM A K.Analysis of chemical reaction kinetics using a distribution of activation energies and simpler models[J].Energy&Fuels,1987,1:153-161.
[39]BURNHAM A K,BRAUN R L,GREGG H R,et al.Comparison of methods for measureingkerogenpyrolysis rates and fitting kinetic parameters[J].Energy&Fuels,1987,1:452-458.
[40]BURNHAM A K,OH M S,CRAFORD R W.Pyrolysis of Argonne Premium Coals:activation Energy Distribution and related chemistry[J].Energy&Fuels,1989,3(1):42-55.
[41]BURNHAM A K,SWEENEY J J.A chemical kinetic model of vitrinite maturation and reflectance[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1989,53(10),2649-2657.
[42]SWEENEY J J,BURNHAM A K.Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74:1559-1570.
[43]GALLAGHER K.Transdimensional inverse thermal history modeling for quantitative thermochronology[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2011,117(B2):373-393.
[44]邓宾,刘树根,刘顺,等.四川盆地地表剥蚀量恢复及其意义[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,36(6):675-686.
[45]HE L J,XU H H,WANG J Y.Thermal evolution and dynamic mechanism of the Sichuan basin during the early permian-middle triassic[J].Science China:Earth Science,2011,41(12):1884-1891.
[46]黄方,刘琼颖,何丽娟.晚喜山期以来四川盆地构造-热演化模拟[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3742-3753.
[2]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等.四川盆地天然气特征及气源[J].地学前缘,2006,13(2):234-248.
[3]朱光有,张水昌.中国深层油气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):793-802.
[4]刘树根,邓宾,钟勇,等.四川盆地及周缘下古生界页岩气深埋藏-强改造独特地质作用[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):11-28.
[5]郭彤楼.涪陵页岩气田发现的启示与思考[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):29-43.
[6]张功成.源热共控论[J].石油学报,2012,33(5):723-738.
[7]胡召齐,朱光,刘国生,等.川东“侏罗山式”褶皱带形成时代:不整合面的证据[J].地质论评,2009,55(1):32-42.
[8]王平,刘少峰,郜瑭珺,等.川东弧形带三维构造扩展的AFT记录[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(5):1662-1673.
[9]袁玉松,孙冬胜,周雁,等.中上扬子地区印支期以来抬升剥蚀时限的确定[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):362-369.
[10]梅廉夫,刘昭茜,汤济广,等.湘鄂西—川东中生代陆内递进扩展变形:来自裂变径迹和平衡剖面的证据[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2010,35(2):161-174.
[11]沈传波,梅廉夫,郭彤楼.川东北地区中、新生代热历史的裂变径迹分析[J].天然气工业,2007,27(7):24-26.
[12]田云涛,朱传庆,徐明,等.晚白垩世以来川东北地区的剥蚀历史:多类低温热年代学数据综合剖面的制约[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(3):807-816.
[13]TIAN Y,KOHN B,ZHU C,et al.Post-orogenic evolution of the Mesozoic Micang Shan Foreland Basin system,central China[J].Basin Research,2012,24:70-90.
[14]卢庆治,胡圣标,郭彤楼,等.川东北地区异常高压形成的地温场背景[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1110-1116.
[15]卢庆治,马永生,郭彤楼,等.鄂西—渝东地区热史恢复及烃源岩成烃史[J].地质科学,2007,42(1):189-198.
[16]邱楠生,秦建中,MCINNES B I A,等.川东北地区构造-热演化探讨:来自(U-Th)/He年龄和Ro的约束[J].高校地质学报,2008,14(2):223-230.
[17]吴群,彭金宁.川东北地区埋藏史及热史分析:以普光2井为例[J].石油试验地质,2013,35(2):133-138.
[18]郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.四川盆地形成与演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
[19]YAN D,ZHOU M,SONG H,et al.Origin and tectonic significance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within the Yangtze Block(South China)[J].Tectonophysics,2003,361:239-254.
[20]徐明,朱传庆,田云涛,等.四川盆地钻孔温度测量及现今地热特征[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(4):1052-1060.
[21]胡圣标,张容燕,周礼成.油气盆地地热史恢复方法[J].勘探家,1998,3(4):52-55.
[22]邱楠生,胡圣标,何丽娟.沉积盆地热体制研究的理论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[23]胡圣标,何丽娟,朱传庆,等.海相盆地热史恢复方法体系[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(5):607-613.
[24]GREEN P F,DUDDY I R,GLEADOW A J W,et al.Fission track annealing in apatite:track length measurements and the form of the Arrhenius Plot[J].Nuclear Tracks,1985,10:323-328.
[25]GREEN P F,DUDDY I R,GLEADOW A J W,et al.Thermal annealing of fission tracks in apatite:1.A qualitative description[J].Chemical Geology,1986,59:237-253.
[26]李天义,周雁,方石,等.磷灰石裂变径迹年龄测试分析新方法:激光剥蚀-ICPMS法[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(4):550-557.
[27]GLEADOW A J W.Fission-track dating methods:what are the real alternatives?[J].Nuclear Tracks,1981,5(1/2):3-14.
[28]GLEADOW A J W,DUDDY I R,GREEN P F,et al.Fission track analysis:a new tool for the evaluation of thermal histories and hydrocarbon potential[J].Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Journal,1983,23:93-102.
[29]GLEADOW A J W,FITZGERALD P G.Uplift history and structure of the Transantarctic Mountains:new evidence from fission track dating of basement apatites in the Dry Valleys area southern Victoria Land[J].Earth and Planetary Sci-ence Letters,1987,82(1/2):1-14.
[30]FITZGERALD P G,GLEADOW A J W.New approaches in fission track geochronology as a tectonic tool:examples from the transantarctic mountains[J].Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements,1990,17(3):351-357.
[31]FITZGERALD P G,STUMP E,REDFIELD T F.Late Cenozoic uplift of Denali and its relation to relative plate motion and fault morphology[J].Science,1993,259:497-499.
[32]ARMSTRONG P A,KAMP P J J,ALLIS,et al.Thermal effects of intrusion below the Taranaki Basin(New Zealand):evidence from combined apatite fission track age and vitrinite reflectance data[J].Basin Research,1997,9(2):151-169.
[33]ARMSTRONG P A.Thermo chronometers in sedimentary Basins[J].Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,2005,58(1):499-525.
[34]KETCHAM R A,CARTER A,DONELICK R A,et al.Improved modeling of fission-trackannealing in apatite[J].American Mineralogist,2007,92:799-810.
[35]ZHU C,QIU N,CAO H,et al.Paleo-geothermal reconstruction and thermal evolution of the source rocks in the Puguang gas field,Northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Earth Science,2016,27(5):796-806.
[36]HOOD D,GUTJAHR C C M.Organic metamorphism and the generation of petroleum[J].AAPG Bulletin,1975,59:986-996.
[37]LERCHE I,YARZAB R F,KENDALL C G.Determination of paleoheat flux from vitrinite reflectance data[J].AAPG Bulletin,1984,68(11):1704-1717.
[38]BRAUN R L,BURMHAM A K.Analysis of chemical reaction kinetics using a distribution of activation energies and simpler models[J].Energy&Fuels,1987,1:153-161.
[39]BURNHAM A K,BRAUN R L,GREGG H R,et al.Comparison of methods for measureingkerogenpyrolysis rates and fitting kinetic parameters[J].Energy&Fuels,1987,1:452-458.
[40]BURNHAM A K,OH M S,CRAFORD R W.Pyrolysis of Argonne Premium Coals:activation Energy Distribution and related chemistry[J].Energy&Fuels,1989,3(1):42-55.
[41]BURNHAM A K,SWEENEY J J.A chemical kinetic model of vitrinite maturation and reflectance[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1989,53(10),2649-2657.
[42]SWEENEY J J,BURNHAM A K.Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74:1559-1570.
[43]GALLAGHER K.Transdimensional inverse thermal history modeling for quantitative thermochronology[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2011,117(B2):373-393.
[44]邓宾,刘树根,刘顺,等.四川盆地地表剥蚀量恢复及其意义[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,36(6):675-686.
[45]HE L J,XU H H,WANG J Y.Thermal evolution and dynamic mechanism of the Sichuan basin during the early permian-middle triassic[J].Science China:Earth Science,2011,41(12):1884-1891.
[46]黄方,刘琼颖,何丽娟.晚喜山期以来四川盆地构造-热演化模拟[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3742-3753.