X90超高强度输气钢管材料本构关系及断裂准则
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摘要
针对试制成功的X90输气钢管,进行5种不同圆棒缺口的准静态拉伸试验及应力三轴度计算,发现由于试样缺口存在,应力三轴度值增加2.43倍,断裂应变减少29%,损伤应变能降低71%。利用常规拉伸试验机和Hopkinson拉杆试验装置进行不同应变速率拉伸试验发现,应变速率对断裂应变的影响相对较小,准静态和高速状态下,差异最大约10%。基于Johnson-Cook本构和失效模型,分别建立了考虑应变率效应的X90管线钢本构模型和考虑应变率、应力三轴度的失效模型;同时,基于损伤力学理论,得到了基于塑性均匀延伸率和损伤应变能的X90管线钢断裂准则。基于材料损伤应变能密度临界值不变假设以及试验数据,得到了X90管线钢断裂特征长度与应力三轴度、试样直径之间的关系式。
For trial-produced X90 gas-transmission pipe,quasi-static tensile tests and stress triaxiality calculation were carried out on five kinds of different notched round bars.It has been found that because of sample notch,when stress triaxiality is increased by 2.43 times,fracture strain and damage strain energy will be reduced by 29%and 71%respectively.Universal material testing machine and Hopkinson bar test unit were used for tensile experiments at different strain rates.It has been discovered that strain rate has less effect on failure strain,and in a case of quasi-static state and high-rate state,the largest difference is about 10%.Based on JohnsonCook constitutive and failure model,X90 steel pipe constitutive model with consideration of stress rate effect was established as well as the failure model considering strain rate and stress triaxiality.Meanwhile,according to damage mechanics theory,X90 pipe steel fracture criterion was obtained on a basis of plastic uniform elongation and damage strain energy.Based on the assumption of constant density critical value of material damage strain energy and test data,the relation expression was obtained between X90 pipe steel fracture characteristic length and stress triaxiality as well as specimen diameter.
For trial-produced X90 gas-transmission pipe,quasi-static tensile tests and stress triaxiality calculation were carried out on five kinds of different notched round bars.It has been found that because of sample notch,when stress triaxiality is increased by 2.43 times,fracture strain and damage strain energy will be reduced by 29%and 71%respectively.Universal material testing machine and Hopkinson bar test unit were used for tensile experiments at different strain rates.It has been discovered that strain rate has less effect on failure strain,and in a case of quasi-static state and high-rate state,the largest difference is about 10%.Based on JohnsonCook constitutive and failure model,X90 steel pipe constitutive model with consideration of stress rate effect was established as well as the failure model considering strain rate and stress triaxiality.Meanwhile,according to damage mechanics theory,X90 pipe steel fracture criterion was obtained on a basis of plastic uniform elongation and damage strain energy.Based on the assumption of constant density critical value of material damage strain energy and test data,the relation expression was obtained between X90 pipe steel fracture characteristic length and stress triaxiality as well as specimen diameter.
引文
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[18]杨锋平,罗金恒,张华,等.金属延性断裂准则精度的评价[J].塑性工程学报,2011,18(2):103-106.YANG Fengping,LUO Jinheng,ZHANG Hua,et al.Evaluation of ductile fracture criterions[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2011,18(2):103-106.
[19]夏佃秀,王学林,李秀程,等.X90级别第三代管线钢的力学性能与组织特征[J].金属学报,2013,49(3):271-276.XIA Dianxiu,WANG Xuelin,LI Xiucheng,et al.Properties and microstructure of third generation X90 pipeline steel[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2013,49(3):271-276.
[20]钱亚军,肖文勇,刘理,等.大直径X90M管线钢的开发与试制[J].焊管,2014,37(1):22-26.QIAN Yajun,XIAO Wenyong,LIU Li,et al.Development and trial production of X90M pipeline steel with large diameter[J].Welded Pipe and Tube,2014,37(1):22-26.
[21]BAO Yingbin,WIERZBICKI T.A comparative study on various ductile crack formation criteria[J].Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology,2004,126(3):314-324.
[22]BRIDGMAN P W.Studies in large plastic flow and fracture[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1952.
[23]LEMAITRE J,DESMORAT R.Engineering damage mechanics[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2005:13-93.
[24]杨锋平,孙秦,罗金恒,等.一个高周疲劳损伤演化修正模型[J].力学学报,2012,44(1):140-147.YANG Fengping,SUN Qin,LUO Jinheng,et al.A corrected damage law for high cycle fatigue[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2012,44(1):140-147.
[2]MAXEY W A.Fracture initiation,propagation and arrest[C]∥Proceedings of 5th Symposium on Line Pipe Research.Houston,USA:American Gas Association,1974.
[3]EIBER B.Fracture propagation-1:fracture-arrest prediction requires correction factors[J].Oil and Gas Journal,2008,106(39):567-569.
[4]EIBER B.Fracture propagation-conclusion:prediction steel grade dependent[J].Oil and Gas Journal,2008,106(40):145-153.
[5]ZHU Xiankui,LEIS B N.CVN and DWTT energy methods for determining Fracture arrest toughness of high strength pipeline steels[C]∥Proceedings of the 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference.Calgary,Canada:ASME,2012:565-573.
[6]ZHOU D W.Measurement and modelling of R-curves for low-constraint specimens[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2011,78(3):605-622.
[7]XU J,ZHANG Z L,STBY E,et al.Constraint effect on the ductile crack growth resistance of circumferentially cracked pipes[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2010,77(4):671-684.
[8]KALYANAM S,WILKOWSKI G M,SHIM D J,et al.Why conduct SEN(T)tests and considerations in conducting/analyzing SEN(T)testing[C]∥Proceedings of the 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference.Calgary,Canada:ASME,2010:337-346.
[9]BERARDO G,SALVINI P,MANNUCCI G,et al.On longitudinal propagation of a ductile fracture in a buried gas pipeline:numerical and experimental analysis[C]∥Proceedings of the 20003rd International Pipeline Conference.Calgary,Canada:ASME,2000.
[10]NORDHAGEN H O,KRAGSET S,BERSTAD T,et al.A new coupled fluid-structure modeling methodology for running ductile fracture[J].Computers&Structures,2012,94-95:13-21.
[11]O'DONOGHUE P E,KANNINEN M F,LEUNG C P,et al.The development and validation of a dynamic fracture propagation model for gas transmission pipelines[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,1997,70(1):11-25.
[12]帅健,张宏,王永岗,等.输气管道裂纹动态扩展及止裂技术研究进展[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004,28(3):129-135.SHUAI Jian,ZHANG Hong,WANG Yonggang,et al.Research advance of dynamic crack propagation and arrest techniques for gas transmission pipeline[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,2004,28(3):129-135.
[13]庄茁,O'Donoghue P E.能量平衡结合有限元数值计算分析天然气管道裂纹稳定扩展问题[J].工程力学,1997,14(2):59-67.ZHUANG Zhuo,O'DONOGHUE P E.Energy balance analysis for dynamic crack propagation in gas pipelines using the finite element method[J].Engineering Mechanics,1997,14(2):59-67.
[14]祝效华,张智,常学军,等.复杂结构井磨损套管连接螺纹的三维力学行为[J].石油学报,2015,36(6):748-753.ZHU Xiaohua,ZHang Zhi,CHang Xuejun,et al.Three-dimensional mechanical behavior of worn casing connecting thread in complex structural well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(6):748-753.
[15]翟晓鹏,楼一珊,曹砚峰,等.蠕变岩层地层刚度和松弛时间对套管外挤力的影响[J].石油学报,2015,36(10):1299-1304.ZHai Xiaopeng,LOU Yishan,CAO Yanfeng,et al.Influences of stratum stiffness and relaxation time of creep layers on external squeeze pressure of casing[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(10):1299-1304.
[16]刘奎,王宴滨,高德利,等.页岩气水平井压裂对井筒完整性的影响[J].石油学报,2016,37(3):406-414.LIU Kui,WANG Yanbin,GAO Deli,et al.Effects of hydraulic fracturing on horizontal wellbore for shale gas[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(3):406-414.
[17]李子丰.油气井杆管柱力学研究进展与争论[J].石油学报,2016,37(4):531-556.LI Zifeng.Research advances and debates on tubular mechanics in oil and gas wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(4):531-556.
[18]杨锋平,罗金恒,张华,等.金属延性断裂准则精度的评价[J].塑性工程学报,2011,18(2):103-106.YANG Fengping,LUO Jinheng,ZHANG Hua,et al.Evaluation of ductile fracture criterions[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2011,18(2):103-106.
[19]夏佃秀,王学林,李秀程,等.X90级别第三代管线钢的力学性能与组织特征[J].金属学报,2013,49(3):271-276.XIA Dianxiu,WANG Xuelin,LI Xiucheng,et al.Properties and microstructure of third generation X90 pipeline steel[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2013,49(3):271-276.
[20]钱亚军,肖文勇,刘理,等.大直径X90M管线钢的开发与试制[J].焊管,2014,37(1):22-26.QIAN Yajun,XIAO Wenyong,LIU Li,et al.Development and trial production of X90M pipeline steel with large diameter[J].Welded Pipe and Tube,2014,37(1):22-26.
[21]BAO Yingbin,WIERZBICKI T.A comparative study on various ductile crack formation criteria[J].Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology,2004,126(3):314-324.
[22]BRIDGMAN P W.Studies in large plastic flow and fracture[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1952.
[23]LEMAITRE J,DESMORAT R.Engineering damage mechanics[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2005:13-93.
[24]杨锋平,孙秦,罗金恒,等.一个高周疲劳损伤演化修正模型[J].力学学报,2012,44(1):140-147.YANG Fengping,SUN Qin,LUO Jinheng,et al.A corrected damage law for high cycle fatigue[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2012,44(1):140-147.