射孔冲击相变对射孔套管抗挤性能的影响
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摘要
油气井套管抗挤毁性能与材料屈服强度关系紧密,聚能射流穿孔过程中可能诱发孔眼附近材料相变从而影响射孔套管抗挤强度。首先对射孔后的P110套管取样,通过扫描电镜观察孔眼附近样本组织成分是否发生变化;然后对无孔眼、机加孔眼和射孔孔眼试件进行静力拉伸试验,对比射流冲击影响下试件抗拉性能的变化;最后通过有限元仿真分析了射孔冲击相变区的存在对套管抗挤性能的影响。研究结果表明,聚能射孔会导致材料组织成分变化而影响材料机械性能;当相变对射孔套管抗挤强度起正向增强作用时幅度有限,起负向削弱作时用射孔套管剩余抗挤强度下降显著。
Collapse resistance property of oil and gas well casing is closely associated with material yield strength.Shaped charge jet perforating may induce phase transformation of the materials nearby,thus affecting the collapsing strength of perforated casing.First,by taking samples among the perforated P110 casings,the composition variation of samples in the proximity of perforation was observed using SEM.Second,a static tensile test was conducted on the test pieces with no perforations,machined perforations and jet perforations,so as to compare their performance variations under jet penetration.Finally,the influence of perforating shock-induced phase transformation zone on the casing's collapsing performance was analyzed by finite element simulation method.The study result suggests that shaped charge jet perforation will cause material composition variation and further affect the material's mechanical performance.Phase transformation can enhance the perforated casing's collapsing strength to a limited extent but significantly reduce its residual collapse strength.
Collapse resistance property of oil and gas well casing is closely associated with material yield strength.Shaped charge jet perforating may induce phase transformation of the materials nearby,thus affecting the collapsing strength of perforated casing.First,by taking samples among the perforated P110 casings,the composition variation of samples in the proximity of perforation was observed using SEM.Second,a static tensile test was conducted on the test pieces with no perforations,machined perforations and jet perforations,so as to compare their performance variations under jet penetration.Finally,the influence of perforating shock-induced phase transformation zone on the casing's collapsing performance was analyzed by finite element simulation method.The study result suggests that shaped charge jet perforation will cause material composition variation and further affect the material's mechanical performance.Phase transformation can enhance the perforated casing's collapsing strength to a limited extent but significantly reduce its residual collapse strength.
引文
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[24]刘斌,周亮.P110抗挤毁套管材料成分的设计[J].金属材料与冶金工程,2007,35(3):14-18.LIU Bin,ZHOU Liang.The design of material compositions of P110 resist collapse casing[J].Metal Materials and Metallurgy Engineering,2007,35(3):14-18.
[25]翟晓鹏,楼一珊,曹砚峰,等.蠕变岩层地层刚度和松弛时间对套管外挤力的影响[J].石油学报,2015,36(10):1299-1304.ZHAI Xiaopeng,LOU Yishan,CAO Yanfeng,et al.Influences of stratum stiffness and relaxation time of creep layers on external squeeze pressure of casing[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(10):1299-1304.
[26]樊恒,闫相祯,冯耀荣,等.基于分项系数法的套管实用可靠度设计方法[J].石油学报,2016,37(6):807-814.FAN Heng,YAN Xiangzhen,FENG Yaorong,et al.Practical reliability design method of casing based on partial coefficient method[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(6):807-814.
[27]祝效华,张智,常学军,等.复杂结构井磨损套管连接螺纹的三维力学行为[J].石油学报,2015,36(6):748-753.ZHU Xiaohua,ZHANG Zhi,CHANG Xuejun,et al.Three-dimensional mechanical behavior of worn casing connecting thread in complex structural well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(6):748-753.
[2]HUANG X,MIHSEIN M,KIBBLE K,et al.Collapse strength analysis of casing design using finite element method[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2000,77(7):359-367.
[3]TAMANO T,MIMAKE T,YANAGIMOTO S.A new empirical formula for collapse resistance of commercial casing[J].ASME Transactions of Energy Resources Technology,1983,43(5):489-495.
[4]TOKIMASA K,TANAKA K.FEM analysis of the collapse strength of a tube[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,1986,108(2):158-164.
[5]ISSA J A,CRAWFORD D S.An improved design equation for tubular collapse[R].SPE26317,1993.
[6]American Petroleum Institute.Bulletin on formulas and calculations for casing,tubing,drill pipe and line pipe properties:APIBULL-5C3—1994[S].6th ed.Washington:API,1994.
[7]SMITH M B,PATTILLO P D.A finite element analysis of collapse of perforated casing[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,1983,105(3):234-240.
[8]PATTILLO P D,SMITH M B.The effect of formation flow on the integrity of perforated casing[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal,1985,25(5):637-646.
[9]ABBASSIAN F,PARFITT S H L.A simple model for collapse and post-collapse behavior of tubulars with application to perforated and slotted liners[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,1998,13(3):190-196.
[10]唐波,杨龙,练章华,等.射孔套管应力集中系数有限元分析[J].西南石油学院学报,2003,25(4):69-72.TANG Bo,YANG Long,LIAN Zhanghua,et al.FEA of stress concentration coefficient of perforated casing[J].Journal ofSouthwest Petroleum Institute,2003,25(4):69-72.
[11]CAO Yuguang,ZHANG Shihua,REN Xin.Effects of perforation on the collapsing strength of casing[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013,395-396:881-886.
[12]许爱荣,邹云,杨向同,等.内压作用下含裂纹射孔套管临界开裂应力分析[J].石油机械,2012,40(4):22-25.XU Airong,ZOU Yun,YANG Xiangtong,et al.An analysis of the critical cracking stress of perforated casing with cracks under the effect of internal pressure[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2012,40(4):22-25.
[13]HUANG Longcang,TONG Shaokai,CAO Yinping,et al.Analysis of the plastic extension of parking cracks on casing after testing[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013,423-426:1207-1210.
[14]American Petroleum Institute.Specification for casing and tubing:API SPEC5CT—2005[S].8th ed.Washington:API,2005.
[15]宗幼芄,赵怀文,部鹃.油层射孔段套管抗挤能力的实验研究[J].石油学报,1988,9(4):84-97.ZONG Youwan,ZHAO Huaiwen,BU Juan.Collapse testing of perforated tubing[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1988,9(4):84-97.
[16]KING G E.The effect of high-density perforating on the mechanical crush resistance of casing[R].SPE18843,1989.
[17]KING G E.Casing crush resistance loss to high-density perforating:casing tests[R].SPE20634,1990.
[18]中国石油天然气总公司.油井管全尺寸试验方法套管挤毁试验:SY/T6238.1—1996[S].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.China National Petroleum Corporation.Procedures of full scale oil tube and collapse test:SY/T6238.1—1996[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996.
[19]王青春,范子杰.利用Ls-Dyna计算结构准静态压溃的改进方法[J].力学与实践,2003,25(3):20-23.WANG Qingchun,FAN Zijie.Improvement in analysis of quasistatic collapse with LS-DYNA[J].Mechanics and Engineering,2003,25(3):20-23.
[20]HAIR C C,SCHWIND B E.Evaulation and design optimization of perforated casing[R].OTC7345,1993.
[21]GUO Y G,BLANFORD M,CANDELLA J.Evaluating the risk of casing failure due to high-density perforation:a3D FEM case study from a deep water reservoir,GoM[R].SPE170618,2014.
[22]Livermore Software Technology Corporation.LS-DYNA Theory Keyword User’s Manual[M].Version970.CA:Livermore Software Technology Corporation,2003.
[23]李亚欣,刘雅政,赵金锋,等.P110级25MnV钢石油套管热处理工艺的优化[J].特殊钢,2009,30(6):36-38.LI Yaxin,LIU Yazheng,ZHAO Jinfeng,et al.Optimization of heat treatment process of P110 oil casing tube of steel 25MnV[J].Special Steel,2009,30(6):36-38.
[24]刘斌,周亮.P110抗挤毁套管材料成分的设计[J].金属材料与冶金工程,2007,35(3):14-18.LIU Bin,ZHOU Liang.The design of material compositions of P110 resist collapse casing[J].Metal Materials and Metallurgy Engineering,2007,35(3):14-18.
[25]翟晓鹏,楼一珊,曹砚峰,等.蠕变岩层地层刚度和松弛时间对套管外挤力的影响[J].石油学报,2015,36(10):1299-1304.ZHAI Xiaopeng,LOU Yishan,CAO Yanfeng,et al.Influences of stratum stiffness and relaxation time of creep layers on external squeeze pressure of casing[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(10):1299-1304.
[26]樊恒,闫相祯,冯耀荣,等.基于分项系数法的套管实用可靠度设计方法[J].石油学报,2016,37(6):807-814.FAN Heng,YAN Xiangzhen,FENG Yaorong,et al.Practical reliability design method of casing based on partial coefficient method[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(6):807-814.
[27]祝效华,张智,常学军,等.复杂结构井磨损套管连接螺纹的三维力学行为[J].石油学报,2015,36(6):748-753.ZHU Xiaohua,ZHANG Zhi,CHANG Xuejun,et al.Three-dimensional mechanical behavior of worn casing connecting thread in complex structural well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(6):748-753.