黄土侵蚀沟谷土地生态系统健康评价——以杜家石沟为例
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摘要
健康的生态系统被认为是环境管理的终极目标,进行生态系统健康研究对探索区域生态系统可持续发展具有重要意义。以黄土侵蚀沟谷杜家石沟为例,基于"压力—状态—响应"模型(PSR),利用格网分析法进行数据提取与成图,分析了杜家石沟土地生态系统健康的空间分异,利用地形起伏度及其分布指数探究了生态系统健康与地形之间的空间关系。结果表明:(1)杜家石沟土地生态系统健康空间差异十分显著。健康高值区(27.02%)分布于山地丘陵及其边缘深切沟谷,健康低值区(33.37%)分布于中东部沟谷及其二级侵蚀沟,该类区域应作为格局调控与生态恢复的重点关注区域;(2)生态系统健康与地形起伏度关系密切。人类活动压力随地形起伏度的升高而降低,这一过渡伴随着健康状态值以及响应的差异变化,并最终影响土地生态系统健康的空间分异。
The ecosystem health is considered to be the ultimate goal of environmental management, and it is of great significance to explore the sustainable development of regional ecological system. Taking Dujiashi Valley of Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province in the loess hilly-gully region as research area, we constructed a multi-indices evaluation system to investigate ecosystem health based on the Pressure-State-Response(PSR) model. The spatial differentiation of the ecosystem health of Dujiashi Gully was analyzed, and the relationship between ecosystem health and geographical environment was explored by the terrain relief and its distribution index. The conclusions were drawn as the followings.(1) Spatial differentiation of the comprehensive ecosystem health of Dujiashi Valley was significant. The region with high value of ecosystem health distributed in the hills and the marginal gully area, which accounted for 27.02% of the study area; meanwhile, the region with low value of ecosystem health distributed in the central gully and its secondary erosion gully of middle and eastern gully and its extend area, which made up 33.37% of the study area and should be the focus of landscape pattern regulation and ecological restoration.(2) Ecosystem health was closely related to terrain relief. With the rising of relief, the pressure of human activities decreased. At the same time, this process had an impact on the change of regional productivity, landscape structure and habitat quality, finally affected the spatial differentiation of land ecosystem health degree.
The ecosystem health is considered to be the ultimate goal of environmental management, and it is of great significance to explore the sustainable development of regional ecological system. Taking Dujiashi Valley of Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province in the loess hilly-gully region as research area, we constructed a multi-indices evaluation system to investigate ecosystem health based on the Pressure-State-Response(PSR) model. The spatial differentiation of the ecosystem health of Dujiashi Gully was analyzed, and the relationship between ecosystem health and geographical environment was explored by the terrain relief and its distribution index. The conclusions were drawn as the followings.(1) Spatial differentiation of the comprehensive ecosystem health of Dujiashi Valley was significant. The region with high value of ecosystem health distributed in the hills and the marginal gully area, which accounted for 27.02% of the study area; meanwhile, the region with low value of ecosystem health distributed in the central gully and its secondary erosion gully of middle and eastern gully and its extend area, which made up 33.37% of the study area and should be the focus of landscape pattern regulation and ecological restoration.(2) Ecosystem health was closely related to terrain relief. With the rising of relief, the pressure of human activities decreased. At the same time, this process had an impact on the change of regional productivity, landscape structure and habitat quality, finally affected the spatial differentiation of land ecosystem health degree.
引文
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[22]曹祺文,张曦文,马洪坤,等.景观生态风险研究进展及基于生态系统服务的评价框架:ESRISK[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):843-855.
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[24]王文杰,张永福,王慧杰.基于GIS干旱区绿洲县域土地利用变化生态风险分析:以新疆泽普县为例[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):216-220.
[25]吴健生,曹祺文,石淑芹,等.基于土地利用变化的京津冀生境质量时空演变[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3457-3466.
[26]刘春芳,王川,刘立程.三大自然区过渡带生境质量时空差异及形成机制:以榆中县为例[J].地理研究,2018,37(2):419-432.
[27]Wong C P, Jiang B, Kinzig A P, et al. Linking ecosystem characteristics to final ecosystem services for public policy[J]. Ecology Letters, 2015,18(1):108-118.
[28]Richard S, Rebecca C K, Spencer W, et al. InVEST 3.3.0 User′s Guide[M/OL].2015. http://data. natural capital project. org/nightly-build/invest-users-guide/html/habitat quality. html.
[29]Liu D, Liang X Y, Chen H, et al. A quantitative assessment of comprehensive ecological risk for a loess erosion gully: a case study of Dujiashi Gully,northern Shaanxi Province, China. Sustainability, 2018, 10, 3239.
[30]周自翔,李晶,任志远.基于GIS的关中—天水经济区地形起伏度与人口分布研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(8):951-957.
[31]哈凯,丁庆龙,门明新,等.山地丘陵区土地利用分布及其与地形因子关系:以河北省怀来县为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(5):909-921.
[2]何新,姜广辉,张瑞娟,等.基于PSR模型的土地生态系统健康时空变化分析:以北京市平谷区为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(12):2057-2068.
[3]Sheldon F, Peterson E E, Boone E L, et al. Identifying the spatial scale of land use that most strongly influences overall river ecosystem health score[J]. Ecological Applications, 2012,22(8):2188-2203.
[4]Costanza R. Ecosystem health and ecological engineering[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2012,45(8):24-29.
[5]刘焱序,彭建,汪安,等.生态系统健康研究进展[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):5920-5930.
[6]徐浩田,周林飞,成遣.基于PSR模型的凌河口湿地生态系统健康评价与预警研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):1-11.
[7]杜娟,陈英.基于PSR模型的民勤县绿洲—荒漠交错带生态系统健康评价[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):215-220.
[8]罗遵兰,赵志平,孙光,等.松花江流域湿地生态系统健康评价[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):105-109,114.
[9]陆丽珍,詹远增,叶艳妹,等.基于土地利用空间格局的区域生态系统健康评价:以舟山岛为例[J].生态学报,2010,30(1):245-252.
[10]李卫海,李阳兵,邵景安,等.基于景观尺度的城市生态健康时空过程:贵阳市案例研究[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(2):440-448.
[11]Wang Z T, Yang L, Cai G J, et al. A Quantitative Health Evaluation of an Eco-Economy in the Semi-Arid Loess Plateau of China[J]. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2015,21(7):1884-1902.
[12]赵鹏宇,崔嫱,冯文勇,等.滹沱河山区县域农业生态系统健康评价[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(3):315-319.
[13]宁立新,马兰,周云凯,等.基于PSR模型的江苏海岸带生态系统健康时空变化研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(2):534-543.
[14]彭建,党威雄,刘焱序,等.景观生态风险评价研究进展与展望[J].地理学报,2015,70(4):664-677.
[15]赵文武,房学宁.景观可持续性与景观可持续性科学[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2453-2459.
[16]Peng J, Du Y Y, Liu Y X, et al. How to assess urban development potential in mountain areas: An approach of ecological carrying capacity in the view of coupled human and natural systems[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2016,60:1017-1030.
[17]杜悦悦,彭建,赵士权,等.西南山地滑坡灾害生态风险评价:以大理白族自治州为例[J].地理学报,2016,71(9):1544-1561.
[18]张宁,田美荣,高吉喜,等.近35年科尔沁沙地生态系统健康诊断研究:以巴林右旗为例[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):206-211.
[19]李远艳,安裕伦,杨广斌.基于PSR模型的喀斯特地区生态系统健康动态评价:以贵州省为例[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(6):279-286.
[20]李景刚,何春阳,李晓兵.快速城市化地区自然/半自然景观空间生态风险评价研究:以北京为例[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(1):33-47.
[21]刘明华,董贵华.RS和GIS支持下的秦皇岛地区生态系统健康评价[J].地理研究,2006,25(5):930-938.
[22]曹祺文,张曦文,马洪坤,等.景观生态风险研究进展及基于生态系统服务的评价框架:ESRISK[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):843-855.
[23]李玉珍,张永福,安放舟.基于GIS的新和县土地利用生态风险分析[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):172-175,180.
[24]王文杰,张永福,王慧杰.基于GIS干旱区绿洲县域土地利用变化生态风险分析:以新疆泽普县为例[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):216-220.
[25]吴健生,曹祺文,石淑芹,等.基于土地利用变化的京津冀生境质量时空演变[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3457-3466.
[26]刘春芳,王川,刘立程.三大自然区过渡带生境质量时空差异及形成机制:以榆中县为例[J].地理研究,2018,37(2):419-432.
[27]Wong C P, Jiang B, Kinzig A P, et al. Linking ecosystem characteristics to final ecosystem services for public policy[J]. Ecology Letters, 2015,18(1):108-118.
[28]Richard S, Rebecca C K, Spencer W, et al. InVEST 3.3.0 User′s Guide[M/OL].2015. http://data. natural capital project. org/nightly-build/invest-users-guide/html/habitat quality. html.
[29]Liu D, Liang X Y, Chen H, et al. A quantitative assessment of comprehensive ecological risk for a loess erosion gully: a case study of Dujiashi Gully,northern Shaanxi Province, China. Sustainability, 2018, 10, 3239.
[30]周自翔,李晶,任志远.基于GIS的关中—天水经济区地形起伏度与人口分布研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(8):951-957.
[31]哈凯,丁庆龙,门明新,等.山地丘陵区土地利用分布及其与地形因子关系:以河北省怀来县为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(5):909-921.