化学实验室安全管理现状评价和优化探析
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摘要
近年来国家大力提倡并资助大学生创新实践,实验室作为实施创新教育的重要基地,安全事故频发。该文以武汉某高校化学实验室为例,通过事故伤亡连锁理论和层次分析法,构建安全管理现状评价指标;邀请实验相关老师进行指标打分赋权,并检验其科学性;通过模糊评价法分析实验参与者问卷数据,给出针对性优化建议。结果表明,该化学实验室安全管理最终得分为3.461分,其中防护用品和应急救援、规章制度和教育培训这两项为弱项,故该化学实验室应加强防护用品的配备与应急自救学习活动,完善安全管理和教育体系,加快实验室准入制度建设。
In recent years,the state has vigorously advocated and founded the innovation practice of college students.As an important base for implementing innovative education,laboratories have frequently experienced safety accidents.Taking the chemistry laboratory of a university in Wuhan as an example,this paper constructs an evaluation index of safety management status through the accidental casualty chain theory and the analytic hierarchy process.Invite the relevant teachers of the experiment to score the indicators and test their scientificity.The fuzzy participant evaluation method was used to analyze the data of the experimental participants and targeted optimization suggestions were given.Results showed that the safety management of the chemical laboratory was 3.461,among them,the weaknesses were protective equipment and emergency rescue.Therefore,the chemical laboratory should strengthen the provision of protective equipment and emergency self-help learning activities,and improve safety management and education system to accelerate the construction of laboratory access system.
In recent years,the state has vigorously advocated and founded the innovation practice of college students.As an important base for implementing innovative education,laboratories have frequently experienced safety accidents.Taking the chemistry laboratory of a university in Wuhan as an example,this paper constructs an evaluation index of safety management status through the accidental casualty chain theory and the analytic hierarchy process.Invite the relevant teachers of the experiment to score the indicators and test their scientificity.The fuzzy participant evaluation method was used to analyze the data of the experimental participants and targeted optimization suggestions were given.Results showed that the safety management of the chemical laboratory was 3.461,among them,the weaknesses were protective equipment and emergency rescue.Therefore,the chemical laboratory should strengthen the provision of protective equipment and emergency self-help learning activities,and improve safety management and education system to accelerate the construction of laboratory access system.
引文
[1]教育部.教育部关于做好“本科教学工程”国家级大学生创新创业训练计划实施工作的通知[EB/OL].http://old.moe.gov.cn//publictiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s56491201404/xxgk_16688l.html.
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[12]李芳蓉,张建民,刘凤霞,等.高校化学实验室废水污染防治对策[J].实验室研究与探索,2014,33(11):308-312.
[13]何茂刚.高等学校教学实验室的问题及解析[J].实验技术与管理,2008,25(11):162-165.
[14]刘照同.高校实验室安全管理的探讨[J].实验技术与管理,2005,22(4):112-114.
[15]陈雁.基于幸福校园建设的“点对点”实验室安全事故预防模式构建的探讨[J].卫生软科学,2013,27(1):26-27.
[2]王志,杜云海,刘雯雯.从大学生创新实验谈高校实验室建设[J].实验室研究与探索,2013,6(6):287-289.
[3]李志红.100起实验室安全事故统计分析及对策研究[J].实验技术与管理,2014,31(4):210-216.
[4]李旦,赵希文,吴菊花.以过程为导向的大学生创新性实验计划评价体系研究[J].高等工程教育研究,2010(1):102-105.
[5]李丁,曹沛,王萍,等.高校实验室安全管理体系构建的探索与实践[J].实验室研究与探索,2014,33(3):274-277.
[6]董继红,李占印.DHGF集成法在高校实验室安全管理评价中的应用[J].实验室研究与探索,2013,9(32):251-254.
[7]任颖.模糊综合评价在实验室安全管理评价中的应用[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,1(11):186-190.
[8]李焓,姚佳.基于物元熵权模型的高校实验室安全管理评价[J].实验室研究与探索,2015,34(2):289-293.
[9]陈晶晶.高校实验室安全管理评价体系的研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2013.
[10]蔡毅飞,薛来.化学实验室环境-安全模糊评价模型的研究[J].实验技术与管理,2012,29(7):198-200.
[11]秦寿康.综合评价原理和应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[12]李芳蓉,张建民,刘凤霞,等.高校化学实验室废水污染防治对策[J].实验室研究与探索,2014,33(11):308-312.
[13]何茂刚.高等学校教学实验室的问题及解析[J].实验技术与管理,2008,25(11):162-165.
[14]刘照同.高校实验室安全管理的探讨[J].实验技术与管理,2005,22(4):112-114.
[15]陈雁.基于幸福校园建设的“点对点”实验室安全事故预防模式构建的探讨[J].卫生软科学,2013,27(1):26-27.