煤层气封存单元及其地震-地质综合识别方法初探
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摘要
煤层含气性与渗透性的空间分布具有强烈的非均一性,基于地质选区理论预测的富集有利区控制精度不能完全适应煤层气开发的空间尺度需求。为将稀疏的钻孔测井资料和空间密集采样的地震资料有机结合起来,实现区块尺度下煤层气富集高产区的精细预测,引入煤层气封存单元的概念,并对其构成要素和基本特征进行了讨论;提出基于地震地质综合研究,识别区块尺度下煤层气封存单元的研究思路和方法。初步研究表明:在煤层气地质理论指导下,以煤层气封存单元的封堵层(带)为研究对象,运用以地震属性分析、地震反演为核心的地震综合解释技术,将构造、围岩岩性及其组合、聚煤前后沉积微相等封堵层(带)构成要素作为主要研究内容,可以实现对煤层气封存单元的识别与划分。
For the strong spatial differentiation between the coal bed gas-bearing property and permeability,the control accuracy of the coal bed methane( CBM) favorable accumulation region which identified by the geology selection theory had not met the requirement of CBM exploitation in spatial scale. The concept of CBM storage unit was proposed and its components and essential feature were discussed that just for combining the sparse well log data with the dense seismic data preferably,and then realizing the goal of the detailed prediction for CBM enrichment high-yield region in block scale.The research ideas,contents,methods and work-flow about the CBM storage unit under block scale were also introduced which recognized by seismic and geologic integrated means.Preliminary studies indicated that the CBM storage unit can be identified and classified under the theory guidance of CBM geology through taking the seismic attribution analysis and seismic interpretation techniques as the core technology of the seismic comprehensive interpretation,and taking the analysis of sedimentary micro-facies during coal-accumulating period,tectonic,surrounding rock lithology and their combinations characteristics as research object.
For the strong spatial differentiation between the coal bed gas-bearing property and permeability,the control accuracy of the coal bed methane( CBM) favorable accumulation region which identified by the geology selection theory had not met the requirement of CBM exploitation in spatial scale. The concept of CBM storage unit was proposed and its components and essential feature were discussed that just for combining the sparse well log data with the dense seismic data preferably,and then realizing the goal of the detailed prediction for CBM enrichment high-yield region in block scale.The research ideas,contents,methods and work-flow about the CBM storage unit under block scale were also introduced which recognized by seismic and geologic integrated means.Preliminary studies indicated that the CBM storage unit can be identified and classified under the theory guidance of CBM geology through taking the seismic attribution analysis and seismic interpretation techniques as the core technology of the seismic comprehensive interpretation,and taking the analysis of sedimentary micro-facies during coal-accumulating period,tectonic,surrounding rock lithology and their combinations characteristics as research object.
引文
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[6]彭苏萍,高云峰,杨瑞召,等.AVO探测煤层瓦斯富集的理论探讨与初步实践——以淮南煤田为例[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1475-1486.Peng Suping,Gao Yunfeng,Yang Ruizhao,et al.Theory and application of AVO for detection of coalbed methane—A case from the Huainan coalfield[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(6):1475-1486.
[7]彭苏萍,杜文凤,殷裁云,等.基于AVO反演技术的煤层含气量预测[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(9):1792-1796.Peng Suping,Du Wenfeng,Yin Caiyun,et al.Coal-bed gas content prediction based on AVO inversion[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(9):1792-1796.
[8]陈信平,霍全明,林建东,等.煤层气储层含气量与其弹性参数之间的关系-思考与初探[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(8):2837-2848.Chen Xinping,Huo Quanming,Lin Jiandong,et al.The relation between CBM content and the elastic parameters of CBM reservoirs:Reasoning and initial probing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(8):2837-2848.
[9]杨双安,宁书年,张会星,等.三维地震勘探技术预测瓦斯的研究成果[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(3):334-336.Yang Shuangan,Ning Shunian,Zhang Huixing,et al.Research achievements of forecasting gas using three-dimensional seismic exploration[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(3):334-336.
[10]常锁亮,刘大锰,林玉成,等.频谱分解技术在煤田精细构造解释及煤含气性预测中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(8):1015-1021.Chang Suoliang,Liu Dameng,Lin Yucheng,et al.Application of spectral decomposition for fine seismic structural interpretation in coalfield and gas-bearing property predication of coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(8):1015-1021.
[11]闫文华,陈宗翠,马喜梅,等.煤层气地震解释技术应用及效果——以沁水盆地郑庄区块三维为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(S1):66-71.Yan Wenhua,Chen Zongcui,Ma Ximei.et al.3D seismic interpretation of coalbed methane in Zhengzhuang Block,Qinshui Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):66-71.
[12]陈贵武,董守华,吴海波,等.高丰度煤层气富集区地球物理定量识别技术研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(5):2151-2156.Chen Guiwu,Dong Shouhua,Wu Haibo.Research and application of quantitative geophysics recognition in high abundance of coalbed methane-rich region[J].Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(5):2151-2156.
[13]何志勇,刘海涛,汪铖,等.利用地震属性预测煤层气储层孔隙度方法[J].煤炭技术,2011,30(4):132-134.He Zhiyong,Liu Haitao,Wang Cheng,et al.Seismic attributions analysis and its application in predicting porosity[J].Coal Technology,2011,30(4):132-134.
[14]Gray David.Seismic anisotropy in coal beds[A].2005 SEG Annual Meeting[C].Houston,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2005:549-552.
[15]董守华.地震资料煤层横向预测与评价方法[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2004:44-49.
[16]陈同俊,王新,崔若飞.基于方位AVO正演的HTI构造煤裂隙可探测性分析[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(4):640-644.Chen Tongjun,Wang Xin,Cui Ruofei.The detectability analysis on HTI tectonic coal cracks by azimuthal AVO’s forward modeling[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(4):640-644.
[17]杜文凤,彭苏萍,黎咸威.基于地震层曲率属性预测煤层裂隙[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(S1).30-33.Du Wenfeng,Peng Suping,Li Xianwei.Seismic Horizon curvature attribute for predicting coalseam fracture[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(S1):30-33.
[18]赵争光,杨瑞召,张凯淞,等.基于最大主曲率的煤储层渗透性预测方法[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(2):39-44.Zhao Zhengguang,Yang Ruizhao,Zhang Kaisong,et al.Method and application of coal reservoir permeability prediction based on maximum principal curvature[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2014,42(2):39-44.
[19]陈勇,陈洪德,关达,等.基于主控因素的煤层气富集区地震预测技术应用研究[J].石油物探,2013,52(4):426-431.Chen Yong,Chen Hongde,Guan Da,et al.Application Research of Earthquake Prediction Technology on Coalbed Methane enrichment area of the main factors[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(4):426-431.
[20]彭苏萍,杜文凤,殷裁云,等.高丰度煤层气富集区地球物理识别[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1398-1403.Peng Suping,Du Wenfeng,Yin Caiyun,et al.Geophysical identification of high abundance coalbed methane rich region[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1398-1403.
[21]霍丽娜,徐礼贵,邵林海,等.煤层气“甜点区”地震预测技术及其应用[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):46-52.Huo Lina,Xu Ligui,Shao Linhai,et al.Seismic prediction technologies of CBM sweet spots and their application[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(8):46-52.
[22]Bradley J S,Powley D E.Pressure compartments in sedimentary basin a review[A].Ortoleva P J.ed.Basin compartment and seal,AAPG memoir 61[C].Tulsa:AAPG,1994:3-6.
[23]Hunt J M.Generation and migration of petroleum from abnormal pressure fluid compartment[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(1):1-12.
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