2014-2016年四川盆地小麦白粉病菌毒性分析
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摘要
为明确四川盆地小麦白粉病菌群体的毒性结构,利用26个抗白粉病单基因(Pm)鉴别品种(系),对2014-2016年分离自四川省盆地内不同地区的189个小麦白粉病菌株进行了毒性测定,获得183个毒性类型,分别对6～21个Pm基因具有毒性,其中97.27%的类型仅出现一次,盆地西部和盆地东部病菌群体共有毒性类型有3种。病菌群体对抗病基因 Pm21的毒力频率为0,对 Pm1c、 Pm12、 Pm16和 Pm24的毒力频率低于20%,而对 Pm1a、 Pm2、 Pm3b、 Pm3c、 Pm3e、 Pm3f、 Pm4a、 Pm4b、 Pm5a、 Pm6、 Pm7、 Pm8、 Pm19、 Pm30的毒力频率高于60%;病菌的基因多样性指数、信息指数和多态位点百分率分别是0.301 4、0.460 1和96.15%;盆地西部病菌群体的毒性多态性高于盆地东部群体。
To investigate the virulence structure of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt) in Sichuan Basin,189 Bgt isolates derived from single ascospore were isolated from different regions of the basin during 2014-2016 and inoculated onto 26 differential lines with known Pm genes. Totally 183 virulence types respectively virulent to 6-21 Pm genes were detected,of which,97.27% were unique and only three virulence types were shared by western and eastern parts of Sichuan Basin. None of the tested isolate was found to be virulent to Pm21 and less than 20% of the iaolates were proved to be virulent to Pm1 c, Pm12, Pm16, Pm21 and Pm24. The virulence frequencies to Pm1 a, Pm2, Pm3 b, Pm3 c, Pm3 e, Pm3 f, Pm4 a, Pm4 b, Pm5 a, Pm6, Pm7, Pm8, Pm19 and Pm30 were all higher than 60.0%. The Nei's gene diversity,Shannon's information index,and the rate of polymorphic loci of the fungal population from Sichuan Basin was respectively 0.301 4,0.460 1 and 96.15%. The higher indices of the fungal population from the western part of Sichuan Basin revealed its higher diversity of virulence than that from the eastern part of Sichuan Basin.
To investigate the virulence structure of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt) in Sichuan Basin,189 Bgt isolates derived from single ascospore were isolated from different regions of the basin during 2014-2016 and inoculated onto 26 differential lines with known Pm genes. Totally 183 virulence types respectively virulent to 6-21 Pm genes were detected,of which,97.27% were unique and only three virulence types were shared by western and eastern parts of Sichuan Basin. None of the tested isolate was found to be virulent to Pm21 and less than 20% of the iaolates were proved to be virulent to Pm1 c, Pm12, Pm16, Pm21 and Pm24. The virulence frequencies to Pm1 a, Pm2, Pm3 b, Pm3 c, Pm3 e, Pm3 f, Pm4 a, Pm4 b, Pm5 a, Pm6, Pm7, Pm8, Pm19 and Pm30 were all higher than 60.0%. The Nei's gene diversity,Shannon's information index,and the rate of polymorphic loci of the fungal population from Sichuan Basin was respectively 0.301 4,0.460 1 and 96.15%. The higher indices of the fungal population from the western part of Sichuan Basin revealed its higher diversity of virulence than that from the eastern part of Sichuan Basin.
引文
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[18]张晓蕾,曹远银,孙芳,等.东北春麦区2006-2007年小麦白粉病菌群体毒性监测 [J].植物保护,2008,34(3):31. ZHANG X L,CAO Y Y,SUN F,et al.Monitoring of population virulence of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici in spring wheat-planting regions of northeastern China during 2006-2007 [J].Plant Protection,2008,34(3):31.
[19]史亚千,王保通,李强,等.陕西省小麦白粉菌毒性结构及主栽小麦品种抗性基因的初步分析[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(4):708. SHI Y Q,WANG B T,LI Q,et al.Analysis on the virulent genes of Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici and the resistance genes of wheat commercial cultivars in Shaanxi Province [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2009,29(4):708.
[20]武英鹏,原宗英,李颖,等.小麦白粉病抗性基因在山西省的有效性评价[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(6):1107. WU Y P,YUAN Z Y,LI Y,et al.Study on the validity of resistant genes for wheat powdery mildew in Shanxi [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2009,29(6):1107.
[2]刘万才,邵振润.我国小麦白粉病发生演替的成因及趋势浅析[J].植保技术与推广,1995(6):7. LIU W C,SHAO Z R.Wheat powdery mildew occurred in succession and its trend analyses in China [J].Plant Protection Technology and Extension,1995(6):7.
[3]陶家凤,沈言章,秦家忠,等.四川西部小麦白粉病的发生与病原菌生物学特性的观察[J].微生物学报,1976,16(4):325. TAO J F,SHEN Y Z,QIN J Z,et al.The biology of Erysiphe graminis DC.f.sp.tritici Em.Marchal in relation to the incidence of wheat powdery mildew in West Sichuan,China [J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,1976,16(4):325.
[4]涂建华,李媛,廖华明,等.四川省小麦白粉病流行规律研究[J].西南农业学报,1999,12(4):62. TU J H,LI Y,LIAO H M,et al.The occurence of Erysiphe graminis DC.f.sp.Tritici EM.Marchal in Sichuan Province [J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1999,12(4):62.
[5]LIU N,GONG G S,ZHANG M,et al.Over-summering of wheat powdery mildew in Sichuan Province,China [J].Crop Protection,2012,34:112.
[6]MCDONALD B A,LINDE C.Pathogen population genetics,evolutionary potential,and durable resistance [J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2002,40:249.
[7]司权民,张新心,段霞瑜,等.小麦白粉病菌生理小种鉴定[J].中国农业科学,1987,20(5):65. SI Q M,ZHANG X X,DUAN X Y,et al.Identification of physiologic race of Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1987,20(5):65.
[8]盛宝钦.用反应型记载小麦苗期白粉病[J].植物保护,1988,14(1):49. SHENG B Q.Score wheat powdery mildew with infection type at seedling stage [J].Plant Protection,1988,14(1):49.
[9]NAMUCO L O,COFFMAN W R,BERGSTROM G C,et al.Virulence spectrum of the Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici population in New York [J].Plant Disease,1987,71(6):539.
[10]YEH F C,BOYLE T J B.Population genetic analysis of co-dominant and dominant markers and quantitative traits [J].Belgian Journal of Botany,1997,129:157.
[11]雷雨.四川西南部小麦白粉病菌群体遗传多样性及间作对白粉病流行的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2013,1. LEI Y.The population genetic structure of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici in southwest of Sichuan and the impacts of intercropping on epidemic of wheat powdery mildew [D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2013,1.
[12]徐志.中国小麦白粉病主要流行区病原菌群体遗传结构研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013:22. XU Z.Population genetic structure of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici from major epidemic zones in China [D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2013:22.
[13]ZENG F S,YANG L J,GONG S J,et al.Virulence and diversity of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici populations in China [J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13(11):2427.
[14]LIU N,LIU Z L,GONG G S,et al.Virulence structure of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici and its genetic diversity by ISSR and SRAP profiling analyses [J].Plos One,2015,10(6):e0130881.
[15]齐莉莉,陈佩度,刘大钧,等.小麦白粉病新抗源-基因 Pm21[J].作物学报,1995,21(3):257. QI L L,CHEN P D,LIU D J,et al.The gene Pm21-A new source for resistance to wheat powdery mildew [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1995,21(3):257.
[16]刘金元,刘大钧.小麦白粉病抗性基因研究进展[J].植物病理学报,2000,30(4):293. LIU J Y,LIU D J.Progress of the study on wheat powdery mildew resistance genes [J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,2000,30(4):293.
[17]吴先华,罗培高,晏本菊,等.小麦抗白粉病基因的定位及其在育种上的应用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(5):350. WU X H,LUO P G,YAN B J,et al.Researches on powdery mildew resistant genes and its breeding in wheat [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(5):350.
[18]张晓蕾,曹远银,孙芳,等.东北春麦区2006-2007年小麦白粉病菌群体毒性监测 [J].植物保护,2008,34(3):31. ZHANG X L,CAO Y Y,SUN F,et al.Monitoring of population virulence of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici in spring wheat-planting regions of northeastern China during 2006-2007 [J].Plant Protection,2008,34(3):31.
[19]史亚千,王保通,李强,等.陕西省小麦白粉菌毒性结构及主栽小麦品种抗性基因的初步分析[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(4):708. SHI Y Q,WANG B T,LI Q,et al.Analysis on the virulent genes of Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici and the resistance genes of wheat commercial cultivars in Shaanxi Province [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2009,29(4):708.
[20]武英鹏,原宗英,李颖,等.小麦白粉病抗性基因在山西省的有效性评价[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(6):1107. WU Y P,YUAN Z Y,LI Y,et al.Study on the validity of resistant genes for wheat powdery mildew in Shanxi [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2009,29(6):1107.