锯缘闭壳龟指名亚种的人工饲养与繁殖
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摘要
为了解锯缘闭壳龟指名亚种Cuora mouhotii mouhotii (Gary,1862)的人工饲养与繁殖,2016—2017年在广西壮族自治区桂林市永福县对人工饲养条件下5只性成熟个体(2雌3雄)的生长与繁殖状况进行了观察研究。结果表明,实验对象生长状况良好,体质量年平均增长率达5. 17%,交配高峰期为每年5—6月,产卵期为6—7月。实验过程中获得7枚受精卵,2次产卵之间积温为188 397～189 710℃·h。共孵化得到5只稚龟,孵化时间为86～102 d,孵化积温为57 792～68 052℃·h,孵化率71. 43%。自然孵化组和恒温孵化组测得的孵化积温变异系数为5. 74%,1日龄稚龟体质量变异系数为6. 27%。本研究为锯缘闭壳龟的人工饲养与繁殖提供了理论依据和实践基础。
To investigate the artificial feeding and reproduction of Cuora mouhotii mouhotii( Gary,1862),the test site was set up in Yongfu county( Guilin city,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China),and the growth and reproduction of 5 sexually mature individuals( 2 females and 3 males) were studied during 2016-2017 in captivity. The results showed that the experimental population was grown in good condition,the average rate of annual body mass growth was 5. 17%,the mating peak was in May to June,and the spawning period was in June to July. Moreover,7 fertilized eggs were obtained in the incubation assay and the accumulated temperature between the two times of spawning was 188 397-189 710 ℃ ·h.Five eggs were hatched with incubation time of 86-102 d,and the incubation temperature range was 57 792-68 052 ℃ ·h.The hatching rate was 71. 43%. Between the two hatching methods,the variation coefficient of the hatching accumulated temperature and quality of C. mouhotii mouhotii were found to be 5. 74% and 6. 27%. This research provides theoretical and practical bases for further study in the artificial breeding and reproduction of C. mouhotii.
To investigate the artificial feeding and reproduction of Cuora mouhotii mouhotii( Gary,1862),the test site was set up in Yongfu county( Guilin city,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China),and the growth and reproduction of 5 sexually mature individuals( 2 females and 3 males) were studied during 2016-2017 in captivity. The results showed that the experimental population was grown in good condition,the average rate of annual body mass growth was 5. 17%,the mating peak was in May to June,and the spawning period was in June to July. Moreover,7 fertilized eggs were obtained in the incubation assay and the accumulated temperature between the two times of spawning was 188 397-189 710 ℃ ·h.Five eggs were hatched with incubation time of 86-102 d,and the incubation temperature range was 57 792-68 052 ℃ ·h.The hatching rate was 71. 43%. Between the two hatching methods,the variation coefficient of the hatching accumulated temperature and quality of C. mouhotii mouhotii were found to be 5. 74% and 6. 27%. This research provides theoretical and practical bases for further study in the artificial breeding and reproduction of C. mouhotii.
引文
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蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.2016.中国脊椎动物红色名录[J].生物多样性,24(5):500-551.
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龙再忠,汪继超,肖繁荣,等.2016.平顶闭壳龟和黄额闭壳龟日活动节律与时间分配[J].生态学杂志,35(8):2164-2169.
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中国科学院植物研究所.2002.中国高等植物图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社.
中国科学院中国动物志委员会.2016.中国动物志无脊椎动物第三十七卷软体动物门腹足纲巴蜗牛科[M].北京:科学出版社.
周婷,李丕鹏.2013.中国龟鳖分类原色图鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社:84-87.
朱新平,陈永乐,魏成清,等.2001.黄喉拟水龟的繁殖生物学研究[J].水生生物学报,25(5):449-454.
朱新平,周莉,陈永乐,等.2003.黄喉拟水龟两个种群的遗传分析与比较[C].广州:水产科技论坛.
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Fischer I,Wahl S,Weimer S.2010.Research into the ecology of the keeled box turtle(Cuora mouhotii)in Vietnam[M].Velp:Hogeschool van Hall-Larenstein:51-56.
Honda M,Yasukawa Y,Ren H,et al.2002.Phylogenetic relationships of the Asian box turtles of the genus Cuora sensu lato(Reptilia:Bataguridae)inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences[J].Zoological Science,19(11):1305.
Stuart BL,Parham JF.2004.Molecular phylogeny of the critically endangered indochinese box turtle(Cuora galbinifrons)[J].Molecular Phylogenetics&Evolution,31(1):164-177.
UNEP-WCMC.2017.The checklist of CITES species website[DB/OL].(2017-12-30).Geneva,Switzerland:CITESSecretariat.http://checklist.cites.org.
van Dijk PP,Iverson JB,Shaffer HB,et al.2012.Turtles of the world,2012.Update:annotated checklist of taxonomy,synonymy,distribution,and conservation status[J].Chelonian Research Monographs,5:276.
Wang J,Gong S,Shi H,et al.2011.Reproduction and nesting of the endangered keeled box turtle(Cuora mouhotii)on Hainan Island,China[J].Chelonian Conservation&Biology,10(2):159-164.
Wyneken J,Godfrey MH,Bels V,et al.2007.Biology of turtles[M].London:CRC Press.
Yasukawa Y,Hirayama R,Hikida T.2001.Phylogenetic relationships of geoemydine turtles(Reptilia:Bataguridae)[J].Bulletin of the Herpetological Society of Japan,20(2):105-133.
范滋德.1997.中国动物志昆虫纲第六卷双翅目丽蝇科模式图[J].北京:科学出版社.
傅丽容,陈美玲,史海涛.2013.孵化基质p H对红耳龟和中华条颈龟胚胎的毒性效应[J].四川动物,32(2):237-241.
广西植物研究所革委会.1971.广西植物名录第二册[M].广西:广西植物研究所.
郭捡红,赵伟华,魏成清,等.2009.三种孵化介质对黄喉拟水龟卵孵化期、孵化成功率和孵出幼体特征的影响[J].水产学报,33(2):253-258.
郭捡红,朱新平,赵伟华,等.2010.温度、湿度对黄喉拟水龟胚胎发育的影响[J].应用生态学报,21(1):215-220.
国家标准化管理委员会.1994.饲料中粗蛋白测定方法GB/T 6432-1994[S].北京:中国标准出版社:70-73.
国家标准化管理委员会.2006.饲料粗脂肪测定方法GB/T6433-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社:1-6.
国家标准化管理委员会.2007.饲料中粗灰分的测定GB/T6438-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社:1-4.
国家标准化管理委员会.2014.饲料中水分的测定GB/T6435-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社:1-9.
何松.2016.营养、光照对绿尾虹雉(Lophophorus lhuysii)人工繁殖的影响[D].南充:西华师范大学.
黄斌,杨霁虹,赵万鹏.2004.黄缘盒龟的繁殖生物学[J].动物学杂志,39(4):40-44.
蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.2016.中国脊椎动物红色名录[J].生物多样性,24(5):500-551.
李敏.2014.黄额闭壳龟和锯缘闭壳龟求偶行为及模拟巢捕食研究[D].海口:海南师范大学.
李燕华,傅丽容,史海涛.2014.孵化基质p H对红耳龟和中华条颈龟孵化及血液生理指标的影响[J].湖北农业科学,53(1):149-152.
龙再忠,汪继超,肖繁荣,等.2016.平顶闭壳龟和黄额闭壳龟日活动节律与时间分配[J].生态学杂志,35(8):2164-2169.
弥玺.1964.中国动物图谱软体动物[M].北京:科学出版社.
容银燕,凌兰,傅丽容,等.2014.温度对中华条颈龟孵化和性别的影响[J].水产科学,33(6):385-388.
孙超.2014.贵州桑科植物资源图鉴及利用现状[M].北京:科学出版社.
覃海宁.2010.广西植物名录[M].北京:科学出版社.
张巍巍.2011.中国昆虫生态大图鉴[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社.
张巍巍.2014.昆虫家谱[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社.
张秀实,吴征镒.1998.中国植物志第二十三卷第一分册被子植物门双子叶植物纲桑科[M].北京:科学出版社.
赵伟华,朱新平,郭捡红,等.2009a.湿度对黄喉拟水龟胚胎发育与新生幼体特征的影响[J].生态学报,29(4):1704-1709.
赵伟华,朱新平,魏成清,等.2009b.黄喉拟水龟母体大小对繁殖性能的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,24(3):261-264.
中国科学院植物研究所.2002.中国高等植物图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社.
中国科学院中国动物志委员会.2016.中国动物志无脊椎动物第三十七卷软体动物门腹足纲巴蜗牛科[M].北京:科学出版社.
周婷,李丕鹏.2013.中国龟鳖分类原色图鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社:84-87.
朱新平,陈永乐,魏成清,等.2001.黄喉拟水龟的繁殖生物学研究[J].水生生物学报,25(5):449-454.
朱新平,周莉,陈永乐,等.2003.黄喉拟水龟两个种群的遗传分析与比较[C].广州:水产科技论坛.
Asian Turtle Trade Working Group.2000.Cuora mouhotii(errata version published in 2016)[DB/OL].(2017-12-30).The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000:e.T163414A97359633.
de Vosjoli P,Klingenberg RJ.2003.The box turtle manual[M].Pompano Beach:Advanced Vivarium Systems.
Fischer I,Wahl S,Weimer S.2010.Research into the ecology of the keeled box turtle(Cuora mouhotii)in Vietnam[M].Velp:Hogeschool van Hall-Larenstein:51-56.
Honda M,Yasukawa Y,Ren H,et al.2002.Phylogenetic relationships of the Asian box turtles of the genus Cuora sensu lato(Reptilia:Bataguridae)inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences[J].Zoological Science,19(11):1305.
Stuart BL,Parham JF.2004.Molecular phylogeny of the critically endangered indochinese box turtle(Cuora galbinifrons)[J].Molecular Phylogenetics&Evolution,31(1):164-177.
UNEP-WCMC.2017.The checklist of CITES species website[DB/OL].(2017-12-30).Geneva,Switzerland:CITESSecretariat.http://checklist.cites.org.
van Dijk PP,Iverson JB,Shaffer HB,et al.2012.Turtles of the world,2012.Update:annotated checklist of taxonomy,synonymy,distribution,and conservation status[J].Chelonian Research Monographs,5:276.
Wang J,Gong S,Shi H,et al.2011.Reproduction and nesting of the endangered keeled box turtle(Cuora mouhotii)on Hainan Island,China[J].Chelonian Conservation&Biology,10(2):159-164.
Wyneken J,Godfrey MH,Bels V,et al.2007.Biology of turtles[M].London:CRC Press.
Yasukawa Y,Hirayama R,Hikida T.2001.Phylogenetic relationships of geoemydine turtles(Reptilia:Bataguridae)[J].Bulletin of the Herpetological Society of Japan,20(2):105-133.