植物愈伤组织培养的生物技术应用
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摘要
在民族药物学,特别是在传统中药中,药用植物已有数千年使用历史。同样,农业植物的使用也贯穿于整个人类历史。近年来,植物基因工程技术能培育出具有理想性状特征的植物,这一技术的发展为人类对植物的利用提供了一个新的增长维度。在过去的几十年里,相关植物的生物技术已逐渐成熟,在这一背景下产生了大量生物工程应用实例。愈伤组织培养和悬浮细胞培养技术在药理学和药学(包括中药)以及农业和园艺学中应用广泛。本文提供了愈伤组织培养在这些科学领域的最新进展。通过基因技术得到的转基因愈伤组织培养物可用于合成具有生物活性的次生代谢产物,以及提高植物对盐、水分、病虫害的抗性。虽然植物愈伤组织培养技术的潜力尚未被完全发掘,但研发和销售更多基于愈伤组织培养产品的时机已经成熟。
In ethnopharmacology, and especially in traditional Chinese medicine, medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years. Similarly, agricultural plants have been used throughout the history of mankind.The recent development of the genetic engineering of plants to produce plants with desirable features adds a new and growing dimension to humanity's usage of plants. The biotechnology of plants has come of age and a plethora of bioengineering applications in this context have been delineated during the past few decades. Callus cultures and suspension cell cultures offer a wide range of usages in pharmacology and pharmacy(including Chinese medicine), as well as in agriculture and horticulture. This review provides a timely overview of the advancements that have been made with callus cultures in these scientific fields. Genetically modified callus cultures by gene technological techniques can be used for the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites and for the generation of plants with improved resistance against salt,draft, diseases, and pests. Although the full potential of callus plant culture technology has not yet been exploited, the time has come to develop and market more callus culture-based products.
In ethnopharmacology, and especially in traditional Chinese medicine, medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years. Similarly, agricultural plants have been used throughout the history of mankind.The recent development of the genetic engineering of plants to produce plants with desirable features adds a new and growing dimension to humanity's usage of plants. The biotechnology of plants has come of age and a plethora of bioengineering applications in this context have been delineated during the past few decades. Callus cultures and suspension cell cultures offer a wide range of usages in pharmacology and pharmacy(including Chinese medicine), as well as in agriculture and horticulture. This review provides a timely overview of the advancements that have been made with callus cultures in these scientific fields. Genetically modified callus cultures by gene technological techniques can be used for the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites and for the generation of plants with improved resistance against salt,draft, diseases, and pests. Although the full potential of callus plant culture technology has not yet been exploited, the time has come to develop and market more callus culture-based products.
引文
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