高强度间歇训练在警院学员体能训练中的应用研究
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摘要
高强度间歇运动训练(HIIT)理论是当前身体素质训练中流行的指导理念。为了探寻HIIT在提升警院学员体能素质的可行性,研究采用分层整群抽样法,选取164名南京森林警察学院大学一年级学员,分成HIIT组41人,重复训练组41人,中等强度间歇训练组42人,持续训练组40人,展开8周(每周3次)的实验前后对比研究。实验前测各组体能、心肺机能、体脂率对比P值均大于0.05,认为各组水平基本相同。经过8周实验干预后,实验后测发现,HIIT组比其他各组对警员的心肺机能,增加减肥效果和提高体能素质都更加显著,且有统计学意义。研究认为HIIT是一种科学、高效、安全的锻炼手段,应该在我国警察学院体能教育中开展。
High intensity interval training( HIIT) theory is a popular sport training guide idea to physical fitness training. In order to explore to what extent HIIT enhances the physical ability of police college students,the author conducted an experiment in which he used stratified cluster sampling to train his subjects. 164 freshmen from Nanjing Forest Police College were asked to be the subjects. 41 of them were as HIIT group,41 of them as repeated training group,42 of them as moderate intensity intermittent training group and 40 of them as continuous training group. The experiment lasted 8 weeks,3 times per week. Comparative study was made before and after each period of the experiment. Before the experiment,the subjects ' physical fitness,heart and lung function and body fat ratio were measured and compared,P > 0. 05,thus the level of each group was basically the same. After 8 weeks intervention,the result shows that there is more improvement of heart and lung function,more advancement of physical quality and more weight loss in the HIIT group than that in other groups and it is of statistical significance. The research suggests that HIIT is scientific,efficient and safe. So it is quite necessary for us to train our police college students in this way in their physical education.
High intensity interval training( HIIT) theory is a popular sport training guide idea to physical fitness training. In order to explore to what extent HIIT enhances the physical ability of police college students,the author conducted an experiment in which he used stratified cluster sampling to train his subjects. 164 freshmen from Nanjing Forest Police College were asked to be the subjects. 41 of them were as HIIT group,41 of them as repeated training group,42 of them as moderate intensity intermittent training group and 40 of them as continuous training group. The experiment lasted 8 weeks,3 times per week. Comparative study was made before and after each period of the experiment. Before the experiment,the subjects ' physical fitness,heart and lung function and body fat ratio were measured and compared,P > 0. 05,thus the level of each group was basically the same. After 8 weeks intervention,the result shows that there is more improvement of heart and lung function,more advancement of physical quality and more weight loss in the HIIT group than that in other groups and it is of statistical significance. The research suggests that HIIT is scientific,efficient and safe. So it is quite necessary for us to train our police college students in this way in their physical education.
引文
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[11]梁丰,王磊,曹震宇,等.高强度间歇性耐力训练对大学生心肺功能的影响[J].中国康复,2014(6):436-438.
[12]冯凯琳,王凌,张敏.高强度间歇训练对特战队员有氧能力的影响[J].武警后勤学院学报,2012(11):862-863.
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[14]Gibala MJ,Mc Gee SL.Metabolic adaptations to short-term highintensity interval training:a little pain for a lot of gain[J].Exerc Sport Sci Rev,2008,36(2):58-63.
[15]Nybo L,Sundstrup E,Jakobsen M D,et al.High-intensity training versus traditional exercise interventionsfor promoting health[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(10):1951-1958.
[16]Munk P S,Staal E M,Butt N,et al.High-intensity interval training may reduce in-stent restenosis following per-cutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation:Arandomized controlled trial evaluating the relationship to endothelial function and inflammation[J].Am Heart J,2009(5):734-741.
[17]Nilsson B B,Westheim A,Risberg M A.Long-term effects of a groupbased high-intensity aerobic interval training program in patients with chronic heart failure.[J].Am J Car-diol,2008(9):1220-1224.
[18]Koppo k,Bouckaert J,Jones A M.Effects of training status and exercise intensity on phase II.VO2kinetics[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2004,36(2):225-232.
[19]Matinhomaee H,Banaei J,Azarbayjani M A,Zolaktaf V.Effects of12-week high-intensity interval training on plasma visfatin concentration and insulin resistance in overweight men[J].Journal of Exercise Science&Fitness,2014,12(1):20-25.
[20]Sijie T,Hainai Y,Fengying Y,et al.High intensityinterval exercise training in overweight young women[J].Sports Med Phys Fitness,2012,52(3):255-262.
[21]王京京,韩涵,张海峰.高强度间歇训练对青年肥胖女性腹部脂肪含量的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2015(1):15-20.
[22]Trapp E G,Chisholm D J,Freund J,et al.The effects of highintensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss andfasting insulin levels of young women[J].Int J Obes(Lond),2008,32(4):684-691.
[23]Hood M S,Little J P,Tarnopolsky M A,et al.Low-volume interval training improves muscle oxidative capacity insedentary adults[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2011,43(10):1849-1856.
[24]Delahunt E,Callan L,Donohoe J,et al.The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 as a high intensity training tool:aerobic and anaerobic responses[J].Preventive Medicine,2013,56(5):278-282.
[25]张学领.短期冲刺间歇训练对青年男子篮球运动员肌氧含量和运动能力的影响[J].体育学刊,2016(4):122-126.
[26]王玮,管延飞.大强度间歇训练促进有氧耐力和健康的研究进展[J].中国康复理论与实践,2016(1):13-18.
[27]Green H J,Roy B,Grant S,et al.Increases in submaximal cycling efficiency mediated by altitude acclimatization[J].Appl Physiol,2000,89:1189-1197.
[28]Potteiger J A,Nickel G L,Webster M J,et al.Sodium citrate ingestion enhances 30km cycling performance[J].Int J Sports Med,1996,17:7-11.
[29]Stepto N K,Hawley J A,Dennis S C,et al.Effects of different interval-training programs on cycling time-trial performance[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,1998,31:736-741.
[30]Green H J.Altitude acclimatization,training and performance[J].Sci Med Sport,2000(3):299-312.
[31]Rezaeimanesh D,Farsani P A,Saidian S.The effect of 8-week's anaerobic intermittent exercises on the amount of fibrinogen,CRP and VO2maxin student athletes[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2011,30:2169-2172.
[32]Westgarth-Taylor C,Hawley J A,Rickard S,et al.Metabolic and performance adaptations to interval training in endurance-trained cyclists[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,1997,75:298-304.
[33]张戈.高强度间歇训练:运动量和锻炼效果研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,2016(2):184-188.
[2]Hans R,Roskamm H.Ein Beitrag zu den physiologischen Grundlagen des Intervall training unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung des Kreilaufes[J].Schweiz Z Sportmed,1959(3):1-8.
[3]Neary J P,Martin T P,Quinney H A.Effeets of Ta Peron Enduranee Cyeling Capacity and Single Musele Fiber Properties[J].Medicine&Science in Sports&Exercise,2003,35(11):1875-1881.
[4]Russell A P,Somm E,Praz M,et al.UCP3 protein regulation in human skeletal muscle fibre types I.Ⅱa andⅡxis dependent on exereiseintensiry[J].Physiol,2003,550(3):855-861.
[5]邱烈峰,肖爽.大学生体质量指数(BMI)与身体机能和身体素质相关性的研究[J].吉林体育学院学报,2014(6):69-73.
[6]王人卫,武宝爱,毕玉萍,等.上海市成年人体脂率推测公式研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2010(5):584-587.
[7]陈博.警察体能概念、内涵与训练[J].江苏警官学院学报,2007(2):196-200.
[8]Peter S.Jacob M,Jan J,et al.Intensity versus duration of cycling,impact on all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality:The copenhagen city heart study[J].European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.2011,19(1):73-80.
[9]Guenther S,Matthias E,Marcel Z.Domains of physical activity and all-cause mortality:systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies[J].International Journal of Epidemiology,2011,40:1382-1400.
[10]刘昕,谭燕泉,张程悦,等.高强度间歇运动与持续性有氧运动对低BMI女生肺活量指标的影响[J].河北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015(6):549-552.
[11]梁丰,王磊,曹震宇,等.高强度间歇性耐力训练对大学生心肺功能的影响[J].中国康复,2014(6):436-438.
[12]冯凯琳,王凌,张敏.高强度间歇训练对特战队员有氧能力的影响[J].武警后勤学院学报,2012(11):862-863.
[13]Burgomaster K A,Howarth K R,Phillips S M,et al.Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance trainingin humans[J].Physiol,2008,586(1):151-160.
[14]Gibala MJ,Mc Gee SL.Metabolic adaptations to short-term highintensity interval training:a little pain for a lot of gain[J].Exerc Sport Sci Rev,2008,36(2):58-63.
[15]Nybo L,Sundstrup E,Jakobsen M D,et al.High-intensity training versus traditional exercise interventionsfor promoting health[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(10):1951-1958.
[16]Munk P S,Staal E M,Butt N,et al.High-intensity interval training may reduce in-stent restenosis following per-cutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation:Arandomized controlled trial evaluating the relationship to endothelial function and inflammation[J].Am Heart J,2009(5):734-741.
[17]Nilsson B B,Westheim A,Risberg M A.Long-term effects of a groupbased high-intensity aerobic interval training program in patients with chronic heart failure.[J].Am J Car-diol,2008(9):1220-1224.
[18]Koppo k,Bouckaert J,Jones A M.Effects of training status and exercise intensity on phase II.VO2kinetics[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2004,36(2):225-232.
[19]Matinhomaee H,Banaei J,Azarbayjani M A,Zolaktaf V.Effects of12-week high-intensity interval training on plasma visfatin concentration and insulin resistance in overweight men[J].Journal of Exercise Science&Fitness,2014,12(1):20-25.
[20]Sijie T,Hainai Y,Fengying Y,et al.High intensityinterval exercise training in overweight young women[J].Sports Med Phys Fitness,2012,52(3):255-262.
[21]王京京,韩涵,张海峰.高强度间歇训练对青年肥胖女性腹部脂肪含量的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2015(1):15-20.
[22]Trapp E G,Chisholm D J,Freund J,et al.The effects of highintensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss andfasting insulin levels of young women[J].Int J Obes(Lond),2008,32(4):684-691.
[23]Hood M S,Little J P,Tarnopolsky M A,et al.Low-volume interval training improves muscle oxidative capacity insedentary adults[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2011,43(10):1849-1856.
[24]Delahunt E,Callan L,Donohoe J,et al.The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 as a high intensity training tool:aerobic and anaerobic responses[J].Preventive Medicine,2013,56(5):278-282.
[25]张学领.短期冲刺间歇训练对青年男子篮球运动员肌氧含量和运动能力的影响[J].体育学刊,2016(4):122-126.
[26]王玮,管延飞.大强度间歇训练促进有氧耐力和健康的研究进展[J].中国康复理论与实践,2016(1):13-18.
[27]Green H J,Roy B,Grant S,et al.Increases in submaximal cycling efficiency mediated by altitude acclimatization[J].Appl Physiol,2000,89:1189-1197.
[28]Potteiger J A,Nickel G L,Webster M J,et al.Sodium citrate ingestion enhances 30km cycling performance[J].Int J Sports Med,1996,17:7-11.
[29]Stepto N K,Hawley J A,Dennis S C,et al.Effects of different interval-training programs on cycling time-trial performance[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,1998,31:736-741.
[30]Green H J.Altitude acclimatization,training and performance[J].Sci Med Sport,2000(3):299-312.
[31]Rezaeimanesh D,Farsani P A,Saidian S.The effect of 8-week's anaerobic intermittent exercises on the amount of fibrinogen,CRP and VO2maxin student athletes[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2011,30:2169-2172.
[32]Westgarth-Taylor C,Hawley J A,Rickard S,et al.Metabolic and performance adaptations to interval training in endurance-trained cyclists[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,1997,75:298-304.
[33]张戈.高强度间歇训练:运动量和锻炼效果研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,2016(2):184-188.