基于城市规划视角的社会正义探讨——以爱丁堡和西安比较为例
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摘要
随着中国城镇化进程的推进,中国城镇化的"巨型"特征也愈加明显,人与空间的矛盾、空间与空间的矛盾、人与人之间的矛盾也愈来愈突出。城市空间所具有的社会属性使得在对空间的分配和使用时会体现出一定的利益关系和社会关系矛盾,当矛盾愈加突出之时,对于城市利益的划分需要考虑不同利益群体的实际需求,城市规划对于城市空间资源的安排要更加公正、合理。社会正义是实现"以人为本"的城市目标的手段之一,它可以保证在城市之中被边缘化的群体获得对于社会资源的公平分配、获得更多的机会来缩小与其他阶层之间的差距。然而,实现社会正义在现实生活中还面临着许多挑战,文章从城市规划的视角下来探讨实现社会正义即将面临的危机与挑战。
With the accelerated urbanization, the "mega" characteristics of China's urbanization are becoming more and more obvious. The contradictions between people and space, between space and space, and between people are becoming increasing prominent. The social attributes of urban space make a certain interest relationship and social relationship contradiction in the distribution and use of space. When the contradiction becomes more prominent, the division of urban interests needs to consider the actual needs of different interest groups. Urban planning for the arrangement of urban space resources should be more fair and reasonable. Social justice is one of the means to achieve the "people-oriented" urban goal. It can ensure that the marginalized groups in the city get a fair distribution of social resources and gain more opportunities to narrow the gap with other classes. However, the realization of social justice still faces many challenges in real life. This article explores the crisis and challenges that social justice will face from the perspective of urban planning.
With the accelerated urbanization, the "mega" characteristics of China's urbanization are becoming more and more obvious. The contradictions between people and space, between space and space, and between people are becoming increasing prominent. The social attributes of urban space make a certain interest relationship and social relationship contradiction in the distribution and use of space. When the contradiction becomes more prominent, the division of urban interests needs to consider the actual needs of different interest groups. Urban planning for the arrangement of urban space resources should be more fair and reasonable. Social justice is one of the means to achieve the "people-oriented" urban goal. It can ensure that the marginalized groups in the city get a fair distribution of social resources and gain more opportunities to narrow the gap with other classes. However, the realization of social justice still faces many challenges in real life. This article explores the crisis and challenges that social justice will face from the perspective of urban planning.
引文
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[11]Fainstein, S.S. The just city[M]. Ithaca:Cornell University Press, 2010.
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[13]The Poverty Alliance. Achieving Social Justice in Scotland:Meeting the Challenge-Report of the 4th Scottish Assembly for Tackling Poverty[R]. Glasgow:The Poverty Alliance, 2013.
[14]楚静,王兴中,李开宇.大都市郊区化下的社会空间分异、社区碎化与治理[J].城市发展研究,2011,18(03):112-116.
[15]Checchi,D.andPeragine,V.Inequalityof opportunity in Italy[J]. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 2010, 8(4):2512-2518.
[16]王哲.转型期基于社会公平问题导向型的城市规划研究[D].天津大学,2013.
[2]Aries, E.,&Seider, M. The role of social class in the formation of identity:A study of public and elite private college students[J]. The Journal of social psychology, 2007, 147(2):137-157.
[3]魏立华,闫小培.社会经济转型期中国城市社会空间研究述评[J].城市规划学刊, 2005(05):16-20.
[4]虞蔚.城市社会空间的研究与规划[J].城市规划,1986(6):25-28.
[5]段进军,倪方钰.关于中国城市社会空间转型的思考——基于“社会—空间”辩证法的视角[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2013, 34(1):49-53.
[6]National Pro Bono Resource Centre. Occasional Paper#1:What is Social Justice?[R]. Kensington:National Pro Bono Resource Centre, 2011.
[7]王举,梅媚.理性与非理性下的城市规划[J].江苏城市规划,2009(06):13-15.
[8]Rawls, J. Justice as fairness:A restatement[M].London:Harvard University Press, 2001.
[9]王欢,李强.空间、空间正义与城市权利[J].商业经济研究, 2014(31):30-31.
[10]Harvey, D. Social justice and the city[M]. Athens:University of Georgia Press, 2009.
[11]Fainstein, S.S. The just city[M]. Ithaca:Cornell University Press, 2010.
[12]姚迈新.社会保护:城市反贫困治理的新方向[J].地方治理研究,2018,(4):43-55.
[13]The Poverty Alliance. Achieving Social Justice in Scotland:Meeting the Challenge-Report of the 4th Scottish Assembly for Tackling Poverty[R]. Glasgow:The Poverty Alliance, 2013.
[14]楚静,王兴中,李开宇.大都市郊区化下的社会空间分异、社区碎化与治理[J].城市发展研究,2011,18(03):112-116.
[15]Checchi,D.andPeragine,V.Inequalityof opportunity in Italy[J]. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 2010, 8(4):2512-2518.
[16]王哲.转型期基于社会公平问题导向型的城市规划研究[D].天津大学,2013.