木质纤维素废渣对赤泥的脱碱及改良研究
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摘要
赤泥是铝土矿提炼氧化铝后排放的强碱性废渣,数量巨大且环境风险大,如何无害化及土壤化处置是赤泥生态修复与治理的关键。该研究通过掺拌不同比例的木质纤维素酸性废渣,并进行复合微生物菌剂添加和覆叶排碱处理,对赤泥的pH、有机质含量及有效水容量进行了比较研究。发现掺拌木质纤维素废渣、添加复合微生物菌剂均能显著降低赤泥pH、增加有机质含量与有效水容量。其中添加复合微生物菌剂且赤泥与木质纤维素废渣质量比为7∶3时,赤泥pH可由11.08降至8.35,有机质含量由6.13 g/kg增至24.92 g/kg,有效水容量由8.80%增至19.17%,已达到一些耐盐碱植物的生长要求。覆叶排碱措施尽管对赤泥pH、有机质含量及有效水容量均无显著影响,但减少了可溶盐碱在赤泥表层的析出。故此,掺拌一定量的木质纤维素废渣并辅之以复合微生物菌剂添加及松叶覆盖等,是一种有效的"以废治废"的赤泥脱碱及改良方法。
Red mud is a waste residue with strong alkalinity after extracting alumina from bauxite.Due to its huge production,appropriate ecological remediation and management have been a global environmental concern.In this study,we mixed different proportions of lignocellulose acid residue,and added compound microorganism ameliorant and capped with pine needles and drained,with the objective to find out the optimum combination for red mud dealkalization and amendment.The results showed lignocellulose waste residue integrated with compound microorganism ameliorant significantly reduced pH and increased organic matter content and available water capacity of red mud.When red mud was mixed lignocellulose residue with the proportion of 7∶3 and treated with microorganism ameliorant,its pH reduced from 11.08 to 8.35,organic matter increased from 6.13 g/kg to 24.92 g/kg,and available water capacity increased from 8.80% to 19.17%,which are suitable for the growth of most alkali-tolerant plants.Capping with pine needles and draining had no effect on pH,organic matter content and available water capacity of red mud,but they reduced the surface precipitation of soluble salt and alkali.Therefore,mixing with lignocellulose residue,in combination with compound microorganism ameliorant and needle mulches,will be a promising method for dealkalization and amendment of red mud based on the strategy of"waste controlling by waste".
Red mud is a waste residue with strong alkalinity after extracting alumina from bauxite.Due to its huge production,appropriate ecological remediation and management have been a global environmental concern.In this study,we mixed different proportions of lignocellulose acid residue,and added compound microorganism ameliorant and capped with pine needles and drained,with the objective to find out the optimum combination for red mud dealkalization and amendment.The results showed lignocellulose waste residue integrated with compound microorganism ameliorant significantly reduced pH and increased organic matter content and available water capacity of red mud.When red mud was mixed lignocellulose residue with the proportion of 7∶3 and treated with microorganism ameliorant,its pH reduced from 11.08 to 8.35,organic matter increased from 6.13 g/kg to 24.92 g/kg,and available water capacity increased from 8.80% to 19.17%,which are suitable for the growth of most alkali-tolerant plants.Capping with pine needles and draining had no effect on pH,organic matter content and available water capacity of red mud,but they reduced the surface precipitation of soluble salt and alkali.Therefore,mixing with lignocellulose residue,in combination with compound microorganism ameliorant and needle mulches,will be a promising method for dealkalization and amendment of red mud based on the strategy of"waste controlling by waste".
引文
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[3]Zhu X B,Li W,Guan X M.An active dealkalization of red mud with roasting and water leaching[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,286:85-91.
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[12]Hamdy M K,Williams F S.Bacterial amelioration of bauxite residue waste of industrial alumina plants[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology&Biotechnology,2001,27:228-233.
[13]马忠诚,刘力勇,李景峰,等.微生物处理赤泥游离碱的工艺方法:中国,201310681526.6[P].2013-12-13.
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[15]张成林,王家伟,刘华龙,等.赤泥脱碱技术研究现状与进展[J].矿产综合利用,2014,2:11-14,36.Zhang Chenglin,Wang Jiawei,Liu Hualong,et al.Research advance and status of dealkalization of red mud[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resource,2014,2:11-14,36.
[16]Wehr J B,Fulton I,Menzies N W.Revegetation strategies for bauxite refinery residue:a case study of Alcan Gove in Northern Territory,Australia[J].Environmental Management,2006,37:297-306.
[17]Mendez M O,Maier R M.Phytostabilization of mine tailings in arid and semiarid environments-an emerging remediation technology[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2007,116:278-283.
[18]Santini T C,Kerr J L,Warren L A.Microbially-driven strategies for bioremediation of bauxite residue[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,293:131-157.
[19]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.The National Soil Survey Office.Soil of China[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1998.
[20]廖建雄,黄玉清,徐广平,等.赤泥掺拌马尾松叶后对芦竹与翠芦莉生长的影响[J].广西植物,2018,38(6):704-709.Liao Jianxiong,Huang Yuqing,Xu Guangping,et al.Effects of red mud mixed with pine needles on growth of Arundodonax and Ruellia brittoniana[J].Guihaia,2018,38(6):704-709.
[21]Xue S G,Zhu F,Kong X F,et al.A review of the characterization and revegetation of bauxite residues(red mud)[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23:1120-1132.
[22]周文佐.基于GIS的我国主要土壤类型土壤有效含水量研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2003.Zhou Wenzuo.Study on Available Water Capacity of Main Soil Types in China Based on Geographic Information System[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2003.
[2]Banning N C,Sawada Y,Phillips I R,et al.Amendment of bauxite residue sand can alleviate constraints to plant establishment and nutrient cycling capacity in a water-limited environment[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,62:179-187.
[3]Zhu X B,Li W,Guan X M.An active dealkalization of red mud with roasting and water leaching[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,286:85-91.
[4]薛生国,李晓飞,孔祥峰,等.赤泥碱性调控研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(8):2815-2828.Xue Shengguo,Li Xiaofei,Kong Xiangfeng,et al.Alkaline regulation of bauxite residue:a comprehensive review[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(8):2815-2828.
[5]Kolencsik-Tóth A,Gonda N,Fekete Zs,et al.Physical and chemical characterization of red mud in terms of its environmental effects[J].Geosciences and Engineering,2014,3:129-137.
[6]Mayes W M,Burke I T,Gomes H I,et al.Advances in understanding environmental risks of red mud after the Ajka Spill,Hungary[J].Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy,2016,2(4):332-343.
[7]郑业鹏,朱文凤,郭威敏.赤泥与糖蜜酒精废液混合掺杂发酵制备土壤[J].桂林理工大学学报,2012,32(1):109-114.Zheng Yepeng,Zhu Wenfeng,Guo Weimin.Soil preparation by mixing and fermenting red mud and molasses alcohol wastewater[J].Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2012,32(1):109-114.
[8]李小平,刘永刚,周连碧,等.拜尔法赤泥基质改良技术:中国,200510018271.0[P].2005-02-06.
[9]张乐观,王国贞,段璐淳.赤泥基质改良及种植植物的筛选研究[J].北方园艺,2010,22:31-33.Zhang Leguan,Wang Guozhen,Duan Luchun.Study on improvement of red mud media and planting choosing[J].Northern Horticulture,2010,22:31-33.
[10]王琼,吴亮亮,张华,等.一种烧结法赤泥堆场边坡的生态修复方法:中国,201410049200.6[P].2014-02-12.
[11]Jones B E H,Haynes R J,Phillips I R.Influence of organic waste and residue mud additions on chemical,physical and microbial properties of bauxite residue sand[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2011,18:199-211.
[12]Hamdy M K,Williams F S.Bacterial amelioration of bauxite residue waste of industrial alumina plants[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology&Biotechnology,2001,27:228-233.
[13]马忠诚,刘力勇,李景峰,等.微生物处理赤泥游离碱的工艺方法:中国,201310681526.6[P].2013-12-13.
[14]Krishna P,Reddy M S,Patnaik S K.Aspergillus tubingensis reduces the pH of the bauxite residue(red mud)amended soils[J].Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2005,167(1):201-209.
[15]张成林,王家伟,刘华龙,等.赤泥脱碱技术研究现状与进展[J].矿产综合利用,2014,2:11-14,36.Zhang Chenglin,Wang Jiawei,Liu Hualong,et al.Research advance and status of dealkalization of red mud[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resource,2014,2:11-14,36.
[16]Wehr J B,Fulton I,Menzies N W.Revegetation strategies for bauxite refinery residue:a case study of Alcan Gove in Northern Territory,Australia[J].Environmental Management,2006,37:297-306.
[17]Mendez M O,Maier R M.Phytostabilization of mine tailings in arid and semiarid environments-an emerging remediation technology[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2007,116:278-283.
[18]Santini T C,Kerr J L,Warren L A.Microbially-driven strategies for bioremediation of bauxite residue[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,293:131-157.
[19]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.The National Soil Survey Office.Soil of China[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1998.
[20]廖建雄,黄玉清,徐广平,等.赤泥掺拌马尾松叶后对芦竹与翠芦莉生长的影响[J].广西植物,2018,38(6):704-709.Liao Jianxiong,Huang Yuqing,Xu Guangping,et al.Effects of red mud mixed with pine needles on growth of Arundodonax and Ruellia brittoniana[J].Guihaia,2018,38(6):704-709.
[21]Xue S G,Zhu F,Kong X F,et al.A review of the characterization and revegetation of bauxite residues(red mud)[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23:1120-1132.
[22]周文佐.基于GIS的我国主要土壤类型土壤有效含水量研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2003.Zhou Wenzuo.Study on Available Water Capacity of Main Soil Types in China Based on Geographic Information System[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2003.