荔枝异形小卷蛾的人工饲料配方及其效果分析
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摘要
【目的】为开发一种适用于荔枝异形小卷蛾Cryptophlebia ombrodelta(Lower)的人工饲料,探讨饲喂添加寄主格木ErythrophleumfordiiOliver枝粉和叶粉的人工饲料对荔枝异形小卷蛾生长发育的影响。【方法】以混合饲料为营养基础,特别添加荔枝异形小卷蛾喜好寄主植物格木的枝粉和叶粉配置人工饲料,并对饲养效果进行比较。【结果】5种饲料配方饲养荔枝异形小卷蛾,其均能完成世代发育。5种饲料配方对荔枝异形小卷蛾的幼虫发育历期、幼虫存活率、化蛹率、蛹重、羽化率、成虫寿命和产卵量均有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)影响,对蛹历期影响不显著(P>0.05)。相关分析表明,幼虫发育历期越短越有利于其后各阶段发育,且可提高存活率和产卵量、缩短世代发育历期。从配方组分比较饲养效果发现,添加格木枝粉优于格木叶粉,添加番茄酱优于荔枝酱。饲喂添加格木枝粉和番茄酱的成活率和产卵量显著高于饲喂添加格木叶粉和荔枝酱配方Ⅲ和饲喂添加荔枝酱的配方Ⅴ,分别提高107.58%和27.21%、48.26%和15.88%。【结论】添加格木枝粉的人工饲料对荔枝异形小卷蛾的饲养效果最佳,且材料来源不受时间、地点限制,有助于人工饲养并开展生物学和生态学研究。
[Objectives] Cryptophlebia ombrodelta(Lower)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is the main shoot borer of Erythrophleum fordii Oliver(Caesalpiniaceae), which a rare tree species. Artificial diets were manufactured to improve the artificial rearing of this pest and thereby facilitate biological and ecological research to develop more effective methods for its prevention and control. [Methods] Based on the nutritional composition of branches or leaves of E. fordii, the preferred host plant of C. ombrodelta, either branches or leaves of E. fordii were added to five specially formulated artificial diets and the effectiveness of rearing C. ombrodelta on each of these diets was measured and compared. [Results] C. ombrodelta completed an entire generation on all five artificial diets. Larvae fed on the five artificial diets differed significantly(P<0.05)in the duration of the larval period, survival rate, pupation rate, pupal weights, eclosion rate, adult longevity and fecundity, but not in the duration of the pupal period(P>0.05). Correlation analysis indicates that a shorter larval duration was more favorable for the development of subsequent stages, increased survival rate and fecundity, and shortened the duration of the whole generation. Artificial diets to which E. fordii branches were added were superior than those to which leaves were added,and those to which tomato juice were added were better than those to which lychee juice were added. The optimal artificial diet,Diet II with added E. fordii branches or tomato juice, significantly(P<0.01) improved the survival rate and fecundity of C.ombrodelta by 107.58% and 27.21%, 48.26% and 15.88% respectively, compared with Diet III to which E. fordii leaves and litchi juice were added, and Diet V to which only litchi juice was added. [Conclusion] The rearing of C. ombrodelta can be improved by adding E. fordii branches to artificial diets. These results facilitate the rearing of C. ombrodelta for biological and ecological research.
[Objectives] Cryptophlebia ombrodelta(Lower)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is the main shoot borer of Erythrophleum fordii Oliver(Caesalpiniaceae), which a rare tree species. Artificial diets were manufactured to improve the artificial rearing of this pest and thereby facilitate biological and ecological research to develop more effective methods for its prevention and control. [Methods] Based on the nutritional composition of branches or leaves of E. fordii, the preferred host plant of C. ombrodelta, either branches or leaves of E. fordii were added to five specially formulated artificial diets and the effectiveness of rearing C. ombrodelta on each of these diets was measured and compared. [Results] C. ombrodelta completed an entire generation on all five artificial diets. Larvae fed on the five artificial diets differed significantly(P<0.05)in the duration of the larval period, survival rate, pupation rate, pupal weights, eclosion rate, adult longevity and fecundity, but not in the duration of the pupal period(P>0.05). Correlation analysis indicates that a shorter larval duration was more favorable for the development of subsequent stages, increased survival rate and fecundity, and shortened the duration of the whole generation. Artificial diets to which E. fordii branches were added were superior than those to which leaves were added,and those to which tomato juice were added were better than those to which lychee juice were added. The optimal artificial diet,Diet II with added E. fordii branches or tomato juice, significantly(P<0.01) improved the survival rate and fecundity of C.ombrodelta by 107.58% and 27.21%, 48.26% and 15.88% respectively, compared with Diet III to which E. fordii leaves and litchi juice were added, and Diet V to which only litchi juice was added. [Conclusion] The rearing of C. ombrodelta can be improved by adding E. fordii branches to artificial diets. These results facilitate the rearing of C. ombrodelta for biological and ecological research.
引文
An SC,Ren SX,Qiu BL,2006.Orientation behavior of Bemisa tabaci to locate underside of host leaves.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,43(5):631-635.[安新城,任顺祥,邱宝利,2006.烟粉虱对寄主植物叶背的定向行为.昆虫知识,43(5):631-635.]
Cao LJ,Yang F,Tang SY,Chen M,2014.Development of an artificial dietfor three lepidopteran insects.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(5):1376-1386.[曹利军,杨帆,唐思莹,陈敏,2014.适合三种鳞翅目昆虫的一种人工饲料配方.应用昆虫学报,51(5):1376-1386.]
Cheng Q,Su WW,Dan JG,2017.Effects of host plants on the development and reproduction of Henosepilachna pusillanima(Mulsant).Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,54(4):602-608.[程琪,苏文雯,但建国,2017.寄主植物对锯叶裂臀瓢虫发育和繁殖的影响.应用昆虫学报,54(4):602-608.]
Han C,Peng YF,Hou ML,Chen FJ,Zhai BP,Han LZ,2012.Apreliminary study on artificial rearing of the pink stem borer,Sesamia inferens.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,49(1):281-285.[韩超,彭于发,侯茂林,陈法军,翟保平,韩兰芝,2012.大螟人工饲养技术的初步研究.应用昆虫学报,49(1):281-285.]
He XN,Xian JD,Chen R,Zhang ZY,Zeng R,2013.Effects of four insect feed on development and reproduction of Cantheconidea furcellata(Hemiptera:Asopinae).Journal of Environmental Entomology,35(6):799-803.[何旭诺,冼继东,陈然,张拯研,曾嵘,2013.4种昆虫饲料对叉角厉蝽生长发育和繁殖的影响.环境昆虫学报,35(6):799-803.]
He YB,Zhan RL,2006.Occurrence and control on Cryptophlebia ombrodelta Lower in litchi.Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,27(3):280-281.[何衍彪,詹儒林,2006.荔枝异形小卷蛾的发生及防治.广西农业科学,27(3):280-281.]
Huang YZ,A HC,2006.The biological characteristics and control of primary pests on Macadamia in Yunnan.Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,29(1):5-9.[黄雅志,阿红昌,2006.云南省澳洲坚果主要害虫的生物学特性和防治.热带农业科技,29(1):5-9.]
Jin JX,Zhu F,Wang XP,Lei CL,2010.Development and reproduction of Maruca testulalis on artficial diet.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,47(1):59-62.[金佳鑫,朱芬,王小平,雷朝亮,2010.豆野螟在人工饲料上的发育和繁殖情况.昆虫知识,47(1):59-62.]
Liang HZ,Chen Q,Tian HP,Liang XM,2013.Influence Lymantria dispar of artificial diets on the development of larva.Forest Pest and Disease,32(6):33-35.[梁洪柱,陈倩,田会鹏,梁晓梅,2013.不同人工饲料对舞毒蛾幼虫生长发育的影响.中国森林病虫,32(6):33-35.]
Liu DM,He J,Chen JS,Xing FW,2005.Biology study of Cryptophlebia ombrodelta.Forest Science&Technology,30(5):27-29.[刘东明,何军,湛金锁,邢福武,2005.荔枝异形小卷蛾生物学特性的研究.林业科技,30(5):27-29.]
Sinclair ER,1979.Parasites of Cryptophlebia spp.(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae)in southeast Queensland.Journal of Australia Entomology Society,18:329-335,329.
Wang WH,Yan YY,Liu XH,Jin MX,Yu AL,2017.Effects of artificial diets on growth and development of Apriona swainsoni.Forest Pest and Disease,36(6):26-28.[王文辉,严员英,刘晓华,金明霞,喻爱林,谢谷艾,2017.人工饲料对锈色粒肩天牛生长发育的影响研究.中国森林病虫,36(6):26-28.]
Xiao L,Fu S,He HM,Xue FS,2014.Sexual size dimorphism in the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis and the relationship between larval period and pupal weight.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(6):1576-1581.[肖亮,傅淑,何海敏,薛芳森,2014.亚洲玉米螟性体型二型性及幼虫发育历期与蛹重的关系.应用昆虫学报,51(6):1576-1581.]
Yan W,Li L,Li CX,Huang SC,Liu L,Qin ZW,Peng ZQ,Luo YQ,2014.An artificial diet for the red palm weevil,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliver.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(5):1387-1392.[阎伟,李磊,李朝绪,黄山春,刘丽,覃伟权,彭正强,骆有庆,2014.一种红棕象甲人工饲料及其效果.应用昆虫学报,51(5):1387-1392.]
Yu Q,Wang F,Zhang RX,Guo GM,Fan RJ,Hao C,2016.Effects of pupal weight on the fecundity and longevity of adults and the larval development of the next generation in Grapholitha molesta(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,59(9):985-990.[庾琴,王芳,张润祥,郭贵明,范仁俊,郝赤,2016.梨小食心虫蛹重对成虫繁殖力和寿命及下一代幼虫发育的影响.昆虫学报,59(9):985-990.]
Zhang J,Zhou YL,Sun SH,2017.Rearing of Arma chinensis(Fallou)(Hemiptera:Pentatomidae)on an artificial diet.Forest Pest and Disease,36(4):37-40.[张健,周毓麟,孙守慧,2017.利用人工饲料连代饲养蠋蝽若虫效果评价.中国森林病虫,36(4):37-40.]
Zhang YH,Peng H,Zhang Z,Li XR,Liu Y,Wang HY,Yuan GH,Cheng DF,2015.Effects of temperature and food on the growth and development of larvae of Agriphila aeneociliella(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,58(2):169-174.[张云慧,彭赫,张智,李祥瑞,刘勇,王海英,原国辉,程登发,2015.温度和食料对白眉野草螟幼虫生长发育的影响.昆虫学报,58(2):169-174.]
Zhao ZG,Wang M,Zeng J,Mo HR,Guo JJ,Zeng J,2013.Species identification and occurrence analysis for a shoot-borer of Erythrophleum fordii.Journal of Environmental Entomology,35(4):534-538.[赵志刚,王敏,曾冀,莫洪荣,郭俊杰,曾杰,2013.珍稀树种格木蛀梢害虫的种类鉴定与发生规律初报.环境昆虫学报,35(4):534-538.]
Zhou XH,Zhang SC,Zhuang QY,Zhang AS,Li LL,Men XY,Zhai YF,Yu Y,2015.Screening and evaluation of the artificial diets of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang(Diptera:Sciaridae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,58(11):1245-1252.[周仙红,张思聪,庄乾营,张安盛,李丽莉,门兴元,翟一凡,于毅,2015.韭蛆人工饲料配方筛选及饲养效果比较.昆虫学报,58(11):1245-1252.]
Zhou ZS,Deng GR,2005.Preliminary study on the host plants of leaf rollers on longan and litchi.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,42(6):639-642.[周忠实,邓国荣,2005.龙眼荔枝卷叶蛾类寄主植物种类的初步研究.昆虫知识,42(6):639-642.]
Zhu AX,Qian Q,Liu XD,2015.A method for rearing the rice leaf folder(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)using wheat seedlings.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,52(4):883-889.[朱阿秀,钱秋,刘向东,2015.利用小麦苗饲养稻纵卷叶螟的方法.应用昆虫学报,52(4):883-889.]
Cao LJ,Yang F,Tang SY,Chen M,2014.Development of an artificial dietfor three lepidopteran insects.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(5):1376-1386.[曹利军,杨帆,唐思莹,陈敏,2014.适合三种鳞翅目昆虫的一种人工饲料配方.应用昆虫学报,51(5):1376-1386.]
Cheng Q,Su WW,Dan JG,2017.Effects of host plants on the development and reproduction of Henosepilachna pusillanima(Mulsant).Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,54(4):602-608.[程琪,苏文雯,但建国,2017.寄主植物对锯叶裂臀瓢虫发育和繁殖的影响.应用昆虫学报,54(4):602-608.]
Han C,Peng YF,Hou ML,Chen FJ,Zhai BP,Han LZ,2012.Apreliminary study on artificial rearing of the pink stem borer,Sesamia inferens.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,49(1):281-285.[韩超,彭于发,侯茂林,陈法军,翟保平,韩兰芝,2012.大螟人工饲养技术的初步研究.应用昆虫学报,49(1):281-285.]
He XN,Xian JD,Chen R,Zhang ZY,Zeng R,2013.Effects of four insect feed on development and reproduction of Cantheconidea furcellata(Hemiptera:Asopinae).Journal of Environmental Entomology,35(6):799-803.[何旭诺,冼继东,陈然,张拯研,曾嵘,2013.4种昆虫饲料对叉角厉蝽生长发育和繁殖的影响.环境昆虫学报,35(6):799-803.]
He YB,Zhan RL,2006.Occurrence and control on Cryptophlebia ombrodelta Lower in litchi.Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,27(3):280-281.[何衍彪,詹儒林,2006.荔枝异形小卷蛾的发生及防治.广西农业科学,27(3):280-281.]
Huang YZ,A HC,2006.The biological characteristics and control of primary pests on Macadamia in Yunnan.Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,29(1):5-9.[黄雅志,阿红昌,2006.云南省澳洲坚果主要害虫的生物学特性和防治.热带农业科技,29(1):5-9.]
Jin JX,Zhu F,Wang XP,Lei CL,2010.Development and reproduction of Maruca testulalis on artficial diet.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,47(1):59-62.[金佳鑫,朱芬,王小平,雷朝亮,2010.豆野螟在人工饲料上的发育和繁殖情况.昆虫知识,47(1):59-62.]
Liang HZ,Chen Q,Tian HP,Liang XM,2013.Influence Lymantria dispar of artificial diets on the development of larva.Forest Pest and Disease,32(6):33-35.[梁洪柱,陈倩,田会鹏,梁晓梅,2013.不同人工饲料对舞毒蛾幼虫生长发育的影响.中国森林病虫,32(6):33-35.]
Liu DM,He J,Chen JS,Xing FW,2005.Biology study of Cryptophlebia ombrodelta.Forest Science&Technology,30(5):27-29.[刘东明,何军,湛金锁,邢福武,2005.荔枝异形小卷蛾生物学特性的研究.林业科技,30(5):27-29.]
Sinclair ER,1979.Parasites of Cryptophlebia spp.(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae)in southeast Queensland.Journal of Australia Entomology Society,18:329-335,329.
Wang WH,Yan YY,Liu XH,Jin MX,Yu AL,2017.Effects of artificial diets on growth and development of Apriona swainsoni.Forest Pest and Disease,36(6):26-28.[王文辉,严员英,刘晓华,金明霞,喻爱林,谢谷艾,2017.人工饲料对锈色粒肩天牛生长发育的影响研究.中国森林病虫,36(6):26-28.]
Xiao L,Fu S,He HM,Xue FS,2014.Sexual size dimorphism in the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis and the relationship between larval period and pupal weight.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(6):1576-1581.[肖亮,傅淑,何海敏,薛芳森,2014.亚洲玉米螟性体型二型性及幼虫发育历期与蛹重的关系.应用昆虫学报,51(6):1576-1581.]
Yan W,Li L,Li CX,Huang SC,Liu L,Qin ZW,Peng ZQ,Luo YQ,2014.An artificial diet for the red palm weevil,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliver.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(5):1387-1392.[阎伟,李磊,李朝绪,黄山春,刘丽,覃伟权,彭正强,骆有庆,2014.一种红棕象甲人工饲料及其效果.应用昆虫学报,51(5):1387-1392.]
Yu Q,Wang F,Zhang RX,Guo GM,Fan RJ,Hao C,2016.Effects of pupal weight on the fecundity and longevity of adults and the larval development of the next generation in Grapholitha molesta(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,59(9):985-990.[庾琴,王芳,张润祥,郭贵明,范仁俊,郝赤,2016.梨小食心虫蛹重对成虫繁殖力和寿命及下一代幼虫发育的影响.昆虫学报,59(9):985-990.]
Zhang J,Zhou YL,Sun SH,2017.Rearing of Arma chinensis(Fallou)(Hemiptera:Pentatomidae)on an artificial diet.Forest Pest and Disease,36(4):37-40.[张健,周毓麟,孙守慧,2017.利用人工饲料连代饲养蠋蝽若虫效果评价.中国森林病虫,36(4):37-40.]
Zhang YH,Peng H,Zhang Z,Li XR,Liu Y,Wang HY,Yuan GH,Cheng DF,2015.Effects of temperature and food on the growth and development of larvae of Agriphila aeneociliella(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,58(2):169-174.[张云慧,彭赫,张智,李祥瑞,刘勇,王海英,原国辉,程登发,2015.温度和食料对白眉野草螟幼虫生长发育的影响.昆虫学报,58(2):169-174.]
Zhao ZG,Wang M,Zeng J,Mo HR,Guo JJ,Zeng J,2013.Species identification and occurrence analysis for a shoot-borer of Erythrophleum fordii.Journal of Environmental Entomology,35(4):534-538.[赵志刚,王敏,曾冀,莫洪荣,郭俊杰,曾杰,2013.珍稀树种格木蛀梢害虫的种类鉴定与发生规律初报.环境昆虫学报,35(4):534-538.]
Zhou XH,Zhang SC,Zhuang QY,Zhang AS,Li LL,Men XY,Zhai YF,Yu Y,2015.Screening and evaluation of the artificial diets of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang(Diptera:Sciaridae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,58(11):1245-1252.[周仙红,张思聪,庄乾营,张安盛,李丽莉,门兴元,翟一凡,于毅,2015.韭蛆人工饲料配方筛选及饲养效果比较.昆虫学报,58(11):1245-1252.]
Zhou ZS,Deng GR,2005.Preliminary study on the host plants of leaf rollers on longan and litchi.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,42(6):639-642.[周忠实,邓国荣,2005.龙眼荔枝卷叶蛾类寄主植物种类的初步研究.昆虫知识,42(6):639-642.]
Zhu AX,Qian Q,Liu XD,2015.A method for rearing the rice leaf folder(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)using wheat seedlings.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,52(4):883-889.[朱阿秀,钱秋,刘向东,2015.利用小麦苗饲养稻纵卷叶螟的方法.应用昆虫学报,52(4):883-889.]