重庆市北碚城区气溶胶中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征
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摘要
为了研究重庆市北碚城区大气碳质气溶胶组分的污染特征,于2014年3月~2015年2月采用安德森采样器采集大气颗粒物样品,用DRI Model 2001 A热光碳分析仪测定其中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的质量浓度.结果表明,北碚城区PM_(2.1)和PM_(9.0)中OC和EC的年平均浓度分别为(16.3±7.6)、(1.8±0.7)和(25.0±9.7)、(3.2±1.3)μg·m-3.在PM_(2.1)中,OC和EC均呈现出冬春季大于夏秋季的季节变化特征,而PM_(9.0)中OC呈现出夏春季大于冬秋季,EC呈现出冬春季大于夏秋季的季节变化特征.对全年OC和EC的粒径进行分析,发现OC在整个粒径上呈现"双峰型"分布,其中细粒子段峰值位于0.43~0.65μm粒径段,粗粒子段峰值位于4.7~5.8μm粒径段;EC呈现出"三峰型"分布,其中细粒子段峰值位于0.43~0.65μm粒径段,粗粒子段峰值位于4.7~5.8μm粒径段,同时2.1~3.3μm粒径段也出现一个明显峰值.对OC和EC进行相关性分析并对PM_(2.1)中的SOC进行估算,发现北碚城区全年SOC浓度为(6.3±5.9)μg·m-3,占全年OC的33.5%±22.6%,且OC和EC显著相关.最后对北碚城区大气气溶胶的污染来源进行分析,发现污染主要来源于汽油车尾气、生物质燃烧和燃煤排放.
To study the pollution characteristics of atmospheric carbon aerosols,aerosol samples were collected via a cascade impactor( Andersen) from March 2014 to February 2015 in Beibei District,Chongqing. Organic carbon( OC) and element carbon( EC) were detected using a DRI 2001 A carbon analyzer. The results showed that the annual average concentrations of OC and EC in PM_(2.1) were( 16. 3 ± 7. 6) and( 1. 8 ± 0. 7),respectively,and( 25. 0 ± 9. 6),and( 3. 2 ± 1. 3) μg·m-3,respectively,in PM_(9.0). The concentrations of both OC and EC were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn for PM_(2.1),whereas,for PM_(9.0),the concentration of OC was higher in summer and spring than in winter and autumn and that of EC was higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The particle size distributions of OC and EC for the study year were analyzed,and it was found that those of OC were bimodal,with peaks in the size ranges of 0. 43-0. 65 μm for fine particles and 4. 7-5. 8 μm for coarse particles,and those of EC were trimodal,with peaks in the size ranges of 0. 43-0. 65 μm for fine particles and 4. 7-5. 8 μm for coarse particles and a concurrent significant peak in the particle size range of 2. 1-3. 3 μm. In addition,the correlations between OC and EC were analyzed and the SOC in PM_(2.1) was estimated. It was found that the average concentration of SOC was( 6. 3 ± 5. 9) μg·m-3,which accounted for 33. 5% ±22. 6% of the OC concentration in Beibei District. Furthermore,OC and EC were significantly correlated. Finally,the pollution sources of atmospheric aerosols in Beibei were analyzed,and it was found that the pollution in Beibei mainly came from the exhaust gas of gasoline vehicles,biomass combustion,and coal combustion.
To study the pollution characteristics of atmospheric carbon aerosols,aerosol samples were collected via a cascade impactor( Andersen) from March 2014 to February 2015 in Beibei District,Chongqing. Organic carbon( OC) and element carbon( EC) were detected using a DRI 2001 A carbon analyzer. The results showed that the annual average concentrations of OC and EC in PM_(2.1) were( 16. 3 ± 7. 6) and( 1. 8 ± 0. 7),respectively,and( 25. 0 ± 9. 6),and( 3. 2 ± 1. 3) μg·m-3,respectively,in PM_(9.0). The concentrations of both OC and EC were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn for PM_(2.1),whereas,for PM_(9.0),the concentration of OC was higher in summer and spring than in winter and autumn and that of EC was higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The particle size distributions of OC and EC for the study year were analyzed,and it was found that those of OC were bimodal,with peaks in the size ranges of 0. 43-0. 65 μm for fine particles and 4. 7-5. 8 μm for coarse particles,and those of EC were trimodal,with peaks in the size ranges of 0. 43-0. 65 μm for fine particles and 4. 7-5. 8 μm for coarse particles and a concurrent significant peak in the particle size range of 2. 1-3. 3 μm. In addition,the correlations between OC and EC were analyzed and the SOC in PM_(2.1) was estimated. It was found that the average concentration of SOC was( 6. 3 ± 5. 9) μg·m-3,which accounted for 33. 5% ±22. 6% of the OC concentration in Beibei District. Furthermore,OC and EC were significantly correlated. Finally,the pollution sources of atmospheric aerosols in Beibei were analyzed,and it was found that the pollution in Beibei mainly came from the exhaust gas of gasoline vehicles,biomass combustion,and coal combustion.
引文
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[11]郭育红,辛金元,王跃思,等.保定市大气颗粒物中含碳组分粒径分布[J].气候与环境研究,2014,19(2):185-192.Guo Y H,Xin J Y,Wang Y S,et al.A study of size distributions of carbonaceous species in ambient particles in Baoding,China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2014,19(2):185-192.
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[14]叶堤,蒋昌潭,赵琦,等.重庆市春季大气PM10中有机碳、元素碳浓度水平及污染特征分析[J].中国环境监测,2007,23(3):69-73.Ye D,Jiang C T,Zhao Q,et al.Pollution character of organic carbon and elemental carbon in PM10during springtime in Chongqing[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2007,23(3):69-73.
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