低剂量射线长期暴露对人群健康影响
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摘要
目的了解长期接触放射线人群的健康状况,为放射性职业健康监护提供理论依据。方法于2016年以辽宁省内594名接触放射工作人员(接触组)和297名半年内未接触放射线人员(对照组)为调查对象,采用现况调查方法采集调查对象人口学基本信息、放射性职业接触状况、按照《放射工作人员职业健康管理办法》进行健康体检,采用一般描述性统计分析方法探讨长期接触低剂量放射线对人群的健康损害及影响因素。结果对照组人群白细胞计数异常检出率与眼晶状体浑浊率分别为0.015%、0.030%,放射线接触组人群白细胞计数异常检出率与晶状体浑浊率分别为0.042%、0.150%;与对照组比较,放射线接触组人群白细胞计数异常检出率及眼晶状体浑浊率明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组人群血红蛋白、血小板、血糖异常检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。工龄0~9、10~19、≥20年放射线接触者眼晶状体浑浊率分别为0.039%、0.063%和0.133%;不同工龄放射线接触者眼晶状体浑浊率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);从事放射治疗、介入放射、放射诊断、投照、工业探伤等放射工种之间各项健康指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论长期低剂量射线暴露对人体健康具有一定影响,应加强放射线接触人群放射线防护意识,定期进行健康检查。
Objective To examine health status of the people with long-term and low-dose radiation exposure and to provide evidences for health surveillance in occupational population.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 594 occupational people with the annual radiation exposure of less than 50 millisievert(m Sv) or the 5-year accumulated exposure of less than 20 m Sv(exposure group) and 297 age-and gender-matched health examinees without radiation exposure during previous 6 months(control group) in Liaoning province in 2016.General demographic information and occupational radiation exposure condition were collected with face-to-face interviews and physical examinations were carried out according to the requirement of Occupational Health Management for Radiation Workers among all the participants.Descriptive statistical analysis method was adopted in the study.Results Compared to those in the controls,the abnormal rate of white blood count(WBC)(0.042 % vs.0.015 %) and the detection rates of lens turbidity(0.150 % vs.0.030 %) of the exposure group were significantly higher(both P < 0.05),but no significant differences in abnormal rates of hemoglobin(HB),platelet(PLT),and blood glucose(GLU) were observed between the two groups(P > 0.05 for all).The detection rates of turbidity were 0.039%,0.063%,and 0.133% among the participants with radiation exposure duration of 0 – 9,10 – 19 and≥ 20 years,respectively,with a statistical significance(P < 0.05).No significant differences in health indicators were found among the participants with diverse occupational history such as radiotherapy,interventional radiology,radiodiagnosis,radiation process and industrial X-ray detection.Conclusion Long-term and low-dose radiation exposure has certain health impacts on health among occupational people; protection awareness needs to be promoted and regular health examination should be conducted among radiation-exposed occupational people.
Objective To examine health status of the people with long-term and low-dose radiation exposure and to provide evidences for health surveillance in occupational population.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 594 occupational people with the annual radiation exposure of less than 50 millisievert(m Sv) or the 5-year accumulated exposure of less than 20 m Sv(exposure group) and 297 age-and gender-matched health examinees without radiation exposure during previous 6 months(control group) in Liaoning province in 2016.General demographic information and occupational radiation exposure condition were collected with face-to-face interviews and physical examinations were carried out according to the requirement of Occupational Health Management for Radiation Workers among all the participants.Descriptive statistical analysis method was adopted in the study.Results Compared to those in the controls,the abnormal rate of white blood count(WBC)(0.042 % vs.0.015 %) and the detection rates of lens turbidity(0.150 % vs.0.030 %) of the exposure group were significantly higher(both P < 0.05),but no significant differences in abnormal rates of hemoglobin(HB),platelet(PLT),and blood glucose(GLU) were observed between the two groups(P > 0.05 for all).The detection rates of turbidity were 0.039%,0.063%,and 0.133% among the participants with radiation exposure duration of 0 – 9,10 – 19 and≥ 20 years,respectively,with a statistical significance(P < 0.05).No significant differences in health indicators were found among the participants with diverse occupational history such as radiotherapy,interventional radiology,radiodiagnosis,radiation process and industrial X-ray detection.Conclusion Long-term and low-dose radiation exposure has certain health impacts on health among occupational people; protection awareness needs to be promoted and regular health examination should be conducted among radiation-exposed occupational people.
引文
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[11]王焱,邵云平,付颖华,等.五省放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊状况调查[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2015,35(8):616-618.
[2]李世珍.深圳市部分放射作业人员染色体畸变分析[J].职业与健康,2011,27(13):1473-1474.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.GBZ98-2002放射工作人员的健康标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002:4-5.
[4]张其波.长期低剂量职业照射对放射工作者健康影响[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(3):362-364.
[5]陈剑魁,康树伟,尹秀云,等.放射工作环境对放射工作人员血细胞参数的影响研究[J].中国辐射卫生,2003,12(1):32.
[6]曾庆民,陈国雄,陈才,等.低剂量X线暴露人群外周血细胞效应的调查[J].华南预防医学,2004,30(1):77.
[7]张素英,李全开,吴旭梅,等.1652名放射工作人员职业健康检查分析[J].中国职业医学,2010,37(1):73-74.
[8]薛荣华.放射作业工人作业环境卫生及职业健康状况调查与分析[D].苏州:苏州大学公共卫生学院硕士论文,2014:9-10.
[9]尚波,傅恩惠.放射作业人员晶状体浑浊情况调查[J].中国工业医学杂志,2007,20(1):48-49.
[10]张艳艳,李侠,白金,等.低剂量电离辐射对医院放射工作人员眼晶状体的影响[J].中国辐射卫生,2015,24(5):536-537.
[11]王焱,邵云平,付颖华,等.五省放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊状况调查[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2015,35(8):616-618.