蒙古族乐曲《白翎雀》探考
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摘要
《白翎雀》是元代著名的蒙古族乐曲,明清时期亦多有演出。相传该乐曲是元世祖忽必烈感白翎雀之声情而命硕德闾所作。该乐曲为弦乐曲,从现存的资料来看,弹奏的乐器有筝、琵琶、胡琴等,有独奏、合奏及为歌舞伴奏等演出形式。乐曲始则"雍容和缓",终则"急躁繁促",有"怨怒哀嫠之音"。不同时期、不同境遇的欣赏者会有不同的声情感受。从国家层面来看,有太平之音、亡国之音的声情区别;从家庭层面来看,有夫妻相守、夫妻离散的声情区别。
White Feather Sparrow was a famous Mongolian music in the Yuan Dynasty,and it was also often performed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is said that Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty was moved by the sound of White Feather Sparrow and then ordered Shuo Delv to compose a song based on it. From the existing data,this was a string music performed by such musical instruments as Zheng,Pipa,Huqin and so on and in terms of performing form,there were solo,instrumental ensemble and performance accompanied by song and dance. The first part of this music was natural,graceful and slow while the ending part was rapid and forcing,sounding sad and angry. People of different times and situations have different feelings when they are enjoying the whole music. There exist the distinction between feelings in peaceful times and feelings for a subjugated nation at the national level and also the distinction between feelings when couples are together and feelings when they are separated at the family level.
White Feather Sparrow was a famous Mongolian music in the Yuan Dynasty,and it was also often performed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is said that Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty was moved by the sound of White Feather Sparrow and then ordered Shuo Delv to compose a song based on it. From the existing data,this was a string music performed by such musical instruments as Zheng,Pipa,Huqin and so on and in terms of performing form,there were solo,instrumental ensemble and performance accompanied by song and dance. The first part of this music was natural,graceful and slow while the ending part was rapid and forcing,sounding sad and angry. People of different times and situations have different feelings when they are enjoying the whole music. There exist the distinction between feelings in peaceful times and feelings for a subjugated nation at the national level and also the distinction between feelings when couples are together and feelings when they are separated at the family level.
引文
[1]王颋.音仿白翎——元代乐曲“白翎雀”考[A].西域南海史地考论[C].上海:上海人民出版社,2008.
[2]鲍音.《白翎雀曲》考略[J].内蒙古艺术,2003,(1).
[3][元]陶宗仪.南村辍耕录[M].《四部丛刊三编》景元本.
[4][元]张宪.玉笥集:卷3[M].清《粤雅堂丛书》本.
[5][清]嵇璜.续通典:卷89[M].四库全书本.
[6][元]王逢.奉陪神保大王宴朱将军第闻弹《白翎雀》引[A].梧溪集:卷3[M].清《知不足斋丛书》本.
[7][清]金武祥.粟香二笔:卷5[M].清光绪刻本.
[8][清]朱彝尊.静志居诗话:卷4[M].清嘉庆扶荔山房刻本.
[9][清]宋长白.柳亭诗话:卷13[M].清康熙刻本.
[10][元]张昱.张光弼诗集:卷2[M].《四部丛刊》影印明钞本.
[11][明]姜南.蓉塘诗话:卷1[M].明嘉靖刻本.
[12][明]田艺蘅.留青日札:卷19[M].明万历重刻本.
[13][清]张伯英.黑龙江志稿:卷15[M].民国二十一年本.
[14][元]杨维桢撰,[清]楼卜瀍注.铁崖乐府注:卷7[M].清乾隆联桂堂刻本.
[15][清]揆叙.益戒堂诗集:卷3[M].清雍正刻本.
[16][清]高士奇.高士奇集:卷3[M].清康熙刻本.
[17][元]张翥.蜕岩词:上卷[M].民国《疆村丛书》本.
[18][元]释来复.西湖绝句[A].[明]李蓘.元艺圃集:卷4[M].四库全书本.
[19][明]丘濬.琼台会稿:卷5[M].四库全书本.
[20][明]贝琼.清江诗集:卷8[M].《四部丛刊》影印清刊本.
[21][明]王常宗.王常宗集:卷4[M].四库全书本.
[22][清]宋徵舆.林屋诗文稿:诗稿卷5[M].清康熙九籥楼刻本.
[23]杨荫浏.中国古代音乐史稿[M].上海:人民音乐出版社,1981.
[24][明]顾清.东江家藏集:卷7[M]//北游稿.四库全书本.
[25][清]张英.渊鉴类函[M].四库全书本.
[26][明]张羽.静居集:卷6[M]//四部丛刊三编.影印明成化刻本.
[27][明]王世贞.弇州山人四部续稿:卷24[M].四库全书本.
[28][清]张九钺.紫岘山人全集:诗集卷10[M].清咸丰元年刻本.
[29][清]陈文述.颐道堂集:诗选卷13[M].清嘉庆十二年刻本.
[30][清]王鸿绪.横云山人集:卷5[M].清康熙刻增修本.
[31][明]唐之淳.唐愚士诗:卷1[M].四库全书本.
[32][宋]陈旸.乐书:卷185[M].四库全书本.
[33][元]李孝光.五峰集:卷2[M].四库全书本.
[34][元]杨维桢.铁崖古乐府:卷10[M].《四部丛刊》影印明成化本.
[35][清]郑世元.耕余居士诗集:卷1[M].清康熙刻本.
[36][清]陈文述.颐道堂集:诗选卷4[M].清嘉庆十二年刻本.
[37][宋]王灼.碧鸡漫志:卷3[M].清知不足斋丛书本.
[38]上海艺术研究所,中国戏剧家协会上海分会.中国戏曲曲艺词典[K].上海:上海辞书出版社,1981.
[39][明]袁宏道.袁中郎全集:卷5[M].明崇祯刻本.
[40][清]顾景星.白茅堂集:卷25[M].清康熙刻本.
[41][清]盛大士.元宫词[A].蕴愫阁诗集:卷2[M].清道光元年刻本.
[42][元]虞集.道园学古录:卷2[M].《四部丛刊》影印明景泰翻元小字本.
[43][元]纳新.金台集:卷1[M].明末汲古阁刻本.
[44][元]张昱.张光弼诗集:卷2[M].《四部丛刊续编》影印明钞本.
[45][明]胡奎.斗南老人集:卷2[M].四库全书本.
[46][清]陈文述.颐道堂集:外集卷2[M].清嘉庆十二年刻本.
[47][元]杨维桢.乐府补:卷2[M].四库全书本.
[48][清]潘高.南村诗稿:卷4[M].清康熙鹤江草堂刻本.
[49][清]田雯.古欢堂集:卷14[M].四库全书本.
[50][清]黄钺.壹斋集:卷24[M].清咸丰九年刻本.
[51][清]恒仁.月山诗集:卷2[M].清乾隆刻本.
[52]孙楷第.关汉卿行年考[A].孙楷第集[C].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2008.
[53]李修生,赵义山主编.中国分体文学史(戏曲卷)[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2001.
[54]曹华强.“倒喇”考[J].中州学刊,1997,(增刊).
[55][明]汤显祖.牡丹亭[M].明万历刻本.
[56][清]徐釚.词苑丛谈:卷9[M].清康熙刻本.
[57]刘水云,车锡伦.“倒喇”考论[J].中华文史论丛,2007,(2).
[58][明]王圻.续文献通考:卷160[M].明万历刻本.
[59][清]嵇璜.续文献通考:卷120[M].四库全书本.
[60][清]嵇璜.续通志:卷127[M].四库全书本.
[61][清]曾廉.元书:卷19[M].清宣统三年刻本.
[62][民国]柯劭忞.新元史:卷94[M].民国九年刊本.
[63]王福利.陶宗仪《南村辍耕录》所收元达达曲名考[J].语言科学,2003,(2).
(1)这里指《四部丛刊三编》影印元刻本,中华书局1959年据1923年武进陶氏影元刻本为底本的校点本。
[2]鲍音.《白翎雀曲》考略[J].内蒙古艺术,2003,(1).
[3][元]陶宗仪.南村辍耕录[M].《四部丛刊三编》景元本.
[4][元]张宪.玉笥集:卷3[M].清《粤雅堂丛书》本.
[5][清]嵇璜.续通典:卷89[M].四库全书本.
[6][元]王逢.奉陪神保大王宴朱将军第闻弹《白翎雀》引[A].梧溪集:卷3[M].清《知不足斋丛书》本.
[7][清]金武祥.粟香二笔:卷5[M].清光绪刻本.
[8][清]朱彝尊.静志居诗话:卷4[M].清嘉庆扶荔山房刻本.
[9][清]宋长白.柳亭诗话:卷13[M].清康熙刻本.
[10][元]张昱.张光弼诗集:卷2[M].《四部丛刊》影印明钞本.
[11][明]姜南.蓉塘诗话:卷1[M].明嘉靖刻本.
[12][明]田艺蘅.留青日札:卷19[M].明万历重刻本.
[13][清]张伯英.黑龙江志稿:卷15[M].民国二十一年本.
[14][元]杨维桢撰,[清]楼卜瀍注.铁崖乐府注:卷7[M].清乾隆联桂堂刻本.
[15][清]揆叙.益戒堂诗集:卷3[M].清雍正刻本.
[16][清]高士奇.高士奇集:卷3[M].清康熙刻本.
[17][元]张翥.蜕岩词:上卷[M].民国《疆村丛书》本.
[18][元]释来复.西湖绝句[A].[明]李蓘.元艺圃集:卷4[M].四库全书本.
[19][明]丘濬.琼台会稿:卷5[M].四库全书本.
[20][明]贝琼.清江诗集:卷8[M].《四部丛刊》影印清刊本.
[21][明]王常宗.王常宗集:卷4[M].四库全书本.
[22][清]宋徵舆.林屋诗文稿:诗稿卷5[M].清康熙九籥楼刻本.
[23]杨荫浏.中国古代音乐史稿[M].上海:人民音乐出版社,1981.
[24][明]顾清.东江家藏集:卷7[M]//北游稿.四库全书本.
[25][清]张英.渊鉴类函[M].四库全书本.
[26][明]张羽.静居集:卷6[M]//四部丛刊三编.影印明成化刻本.
[27][明]王世贞.弇州山人四部续稿:卷24[M].四库全书本.
[28][清]张九钺.紫岘山人全集:诗集卷10[M].清咸丰元年刻本.
[29][清]陈文述.颐道堂集:诗选卷13[M].清嘉庆十二年刻本.
[30][清]王鸿绪.横云山人集:卷5[M].清康熙刻增修本.
[31][明]唐之淳.唐愚士诗:卷1[M].四库全书本.
[32][宋]陈旸.乐书:卷185[M].四库全书本.
[33][元]李孝光.五峰集:卷2[M].四库全书本.
[34][元]杨维桢.铁崖古乐府:卷10[M].《四部丛刊》影印明成化本.
[35][清]郑世元.耕余居士诗集:卷1[M].清康熙刻本.
[36][清]陈文述.颐道堂集:诗选卷4[M].清嘉庆十二年刻本.
[37][宋]王灼.碧鸡漫志:卷3[M].清知不足斋丛书本.
[38]上海艺术研究所,中国戏剧家协会上海分会.中国戏曲曲艺词典[K].上海:上海辞书出版社,1981.
[39][明]袁宏道.袁中郎全集:卷5[M].明崇祯刻本.
[40][清]顾景星.白茅堂集:卷25[M].清康熙刻本.
[41][清]盛大士.元宫词[A].蕴愫阁诗集:卷2[M].清道光元年刻本.
[42][元]虞集.道园学古录:卷2[M].《四部丛刊》影印明景泰翻元小字本.
[43][元]纳新.金台集:卷1[M].明末汲古阁刻本.
[44][元]张昱.张光弼诗集:卷2[M].《四部丛刊续编》影印明钞本.
[45][明]胡奎.斗南老人集:卷2[M].四库全书本.
[46][清]陈文述.颐道堂集:外集卷2[M].清嘉庆十二年刻本.
[47][元]杨维桢.乐府补:卷2[M].四库全书本.
[48][清]潘高.南村诗稿:卷4[M].清康熙鹤江草堂刻本.
[49][清]田雯.古欢堂集:卷14[M].四库全书本.
[50][清]黄钺.壹斋集:卷24[M].清咸丰九年刻本.
[51][清]恒仁.月山诗集:卷2[M].清乾隆刻本.
[52]孙楷第.关汉卿行年考[A].孙楷第集[C].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2008.
[53]李修生,赵义山主编.中国分体文学史(戏曲卷)[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2001.
[54]曹华强.“倒喇”考[J].中州学刊,1997,(增刊).
[55][明]汤显祖.牡丹亭[M].明万历刻本.
[56][清]徐釚.词苑丛谈:卷9[M].清康熙刻本.
[57]刘水云,车锡伦.“倒喇”考论[J].中华文史论丛,2007,(2).
[58][明]王圻.续文献通考:卷160[M].明万历刻本.
[59][清]嵇璜.续文献通考:卷120[M].四库全书本.
[60][清]嵇璜.续通志:卷127[M].四库全书本.
[61][清]曾廉.元书:卷19[M].清宣统三年刻本.
[62][民国]柯劭忞.新元史:卷94[M].民国九年刊本.
[63]王福利.陶宗仪《南村辍耕录》所收元达达曲名考[J].语言科学,2003,(2).
(1)这里指《四部丛刊三编》影印元刻本,中华书局1959年据1923年武进陶氏影元刻本为底本的校点本。