马赫-曾德尔干涉集成化的全光纤磁场与温度传感器
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摘要
为了简化光纤磁场与温度传感器的结构并提高传感器灵敏度,设计并制作了马赫-曾德尔干涉集成化的全光纤磁场与温度传感器。将单根光纤的马赫-曾德尔模间干涉结构和双臂马赫-曾德尔干涉结构结合:将总长度为1.2m的单模光纤部分制备成长度为2.7cm、锥腰直径为30.1μm的锥形微纳光纤,并得到了拉锥时间与锥腰直径的关系。将锥形微纳光纤放置尼龙槽内并包覆磁凝胶构成传感头,实现模间干涉的马赫-曾德尔磁场传感器;将磁场传感器通过两耦合比为50%∶50%的耦合器并联带有可调谐光衰减器的单模光纤形成马赫-曾德尔干涉的温度传感器。从理论上分析了光谱漂移对磁场和温度传感的特性关系,实验测得室温下磁场强度在25~50mT时,磁场传感的灵敏度为0.301 14nm/mT;在磁场强度为0,温度由25℃升高到30℃时,温度传感的灵敏度为0.518 86nm/℃。该传感器可广泛应用于电力系统放电检测、材料加工、安全监控等领域。
A Mach-Zehnder interferometer all-fiber sensor for magnetic field and temperature measurement was proposed and experimentally demonstrated for a simplified sensor with improved sensitivity.It combined a Mach-Zehnder modal interferometer and two arms Mach-Zehnder interferometer.A single mode fiber of 1.2 min length was partly processed into a taper-structured microfiber of 2.7 cm length and a 30.1μm diameter taper waist.The relationship between the tapering time and the taper waist was investigated.The tapered fiber was placed into a nylon slot and was coated using magnetic sol-gel to fabricate the sensor head.The Mach-Zehnder modal interferometer magnetic field sensor was then complete.The other single mode fiber with a tunable optical attenuator was employed to form the Mach-Zehnder interferometer temperature sensor via two couplers with coupling ratio 50∶50.The characteristic relationship between the spectra drift,and the magnetic field/temperature sensing was analyzed theoretically.Experiment results show that the sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor is 0.301 14 nm/mT when the magnetic field intensity ranged from 25 mT to 50 mT at room temperature.The temperature sensor had a sensitivity of 0.518 86 nm/℃in the range of 25 ℃ to 30℃ without an applied magnetic field.This sensor has potential applications in numerous areas,including discharge detection systems,material processing,and safety monitoring,etc.
A Mach-Zehnder interferometer all-fiber sensor for magnetic field and temperature measurement was proposed and experimentally demonstrated for a simplified sensor with improved sensitivity.It combined a Mach-Zehnder modal interferometer and two arms Mach-Zehnder interferometer.A single mode fiber of 1.2 min length was partly processed into a taper-structured microfiber of 2.7 cm length and a 30.1μm diameter taper waist.The relationship between the tapering time and the taper waist was investigated.The tapered fiber was placed into a nylon slot and was coated using magnetic sol-gel to fabricate the sensor head.The Mach-Zehnder modal interferometer magnetic field sensor was then complete.The other single mode fiber with a tunable optical attenuator was employed to form the Mach-Zehnder interferometer temperature sensor via two couplers with coupling ratio 50∶50.The characteristic relationship between the spectra drift,and the magnetic field/temperature sensing was analyzed theoretically.Experiment results show that the sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor is 0.301 14 nm/mT when the magnetic field intensity ranged from 25 mT to 50 mT at room temperature.The temperature sensor had a sensitivity of 0.518 86 nm/℃in the range of 25 ℃ to 30℃ without an applied magnetic field.This sensor has potential applications in numerous areas,including discharge detection systems,material processing,and safety monitoring,etc.
引文
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[20]刘洋,钟年丙,陈明,等.精确测量微藻生物量的塑料光纤倏逝波传感器[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(10):151-158.LIU Y,ZHONG N B,CHEN M.Plastic optical fiber evanescent wave sensor for accurate measurement of microalgae biomass[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2015,23(10):151-158.(in Chinese)
[2]KRAUS H,SOLTAMOV V A,FUCHS F,et al..Magnetic field and temperature sensing with atomicscale spin defects in silicon carbide[J].Scitific Reports,2014,4:5303.
[3]ZU P,CHAN C C,LEW W S,et al..Temperature-intensive magnetic field sensor based on nanoparticle magnetic fluid and photonic crystal fiber[J].IEEE Photonics Journal,2012,4(2):491-498.
[4]BAI Z,ZHANG W,GAO S,et al..Compact long period fiber grating based on periodic micro-coreoffset[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2013,25(21):2111-2114.
[5]李岩松,张国庆,于文斌,等.自适应光学电流互感器[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(11):100-105.LI Y S,ZHAO G Q,YU W B,et al..Adaptive optical current transducer[J].Proceedings of CSEE,2003,23(11):100-105.(in Chinese)
[6]杨玉强,杨群,葛伟,等.具有自动补偿超磁致伸缩材料布拉格光栅光纤电流传感器[J].光学精密工程,2016,24(10):2377-2382.YANG Y Q,YANG Q,GE W,et al..Temperature compensated GMM-FBG current sensor[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2016,24(10):2377-2382.(in Chinese)
[7]吴晶,吴晗平,黄俊斌,等.光纤光栅传感信号解调研究技术进展[J].中国光学,2014,7(4):519-531.WU J,WU H P,HUANG J B,et al..Research process in signal demodulation technology of fiber Bragg grating sensors[J].Chinese Optics,2014,7(4):519-531.(in Chinese)
[8]WANG C.Fiber loop ring down-a time-domain sensing technique multi-function fiber optic sensor platforms:current status and design perspectives[J].Sensors,2009,9(10):7595-7621.
[9]SIMA W,LIU T,YANG Q,et al..Temperature characteristics of pockels electro-opitc voltage sensor with double crystal compensation[J].AIP Advances,2016,6(5):055109.
[10]YAN H,LI P,ZHANG H,et al..A micro S-shape optical fiber temperature sensor based on dislocation fiber splice[J].Photonic Sensors,2017,7(4):372-376.
[11]LAYEGHI A,LATIFI H,FRAZAO O.Magnetic field sensor based on nonadiabatic tapered optical fiber with magnetic fluid[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2014,26(19):1904-1907.
[12]赵月,曹晔,童峥嵘,等.可双参量同时测量的光纤磁场传感器[J].光子学报,2016,45(12):1206004.ZHAO Y,CAO Y,TONG ZH R,et al..Simultaneous measurement of dual-parameter based on optical fiber magnetic field sensor[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2016,45(12):1206004.(in Chinese)
[13]CAO Y,ZHAO Y,TONG Z R,et al..Optical fiber magnetic field sensors with peanut-shape structure cascaded with LPFP[J].Optoelectronics Letters,2016,12(5):0358-0360.
[14]SHEN T,FENG Y,SUN B,et al..Magnetic field sensor using the fiber loop ring-down technique and an etched fiber coated with magnetic fluid[J].Applied Optics,2016,55(4):673-678.
[15]WANG Y,TONG Z R,ZHANG W H,et al..Research on optical fiber magnetic field sensors based on multi-mode fiber and spherical structure[J].Phtoelectronics Letters,2017,13(1):16-20.
[16]KITAGAWA S,YAMAZAKI H,KOSOKI A,et al..Development of SPR temperature sensor using Au/TiO2on hetero-core optical fiber[J].SPIE,2016:97541B.
[17]SUN H,LUO H,WU X,et al..Spectrum ameliorative optical fiber temperature sensor based on hollow-core fiber and inner zinc oxide film[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2017,245:423-427.
[18]SUN B,SHEN T,FENG Y.Fiber-loop ring-down magnetic field and temperature sensing system based on the principle of time-division multiplexing[J].Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics,2017,147:170-179.
[19]陈云海,陈成,彭保进,等.光纤光栅马赫-曾德尔干涉仪条纹信号的傅里叶分析[J].光子学报,2016,45(9):0906002.CHEN Y H,CHEN CH,PENG B J,et al..Fourier analyses for fringe signals of fiber grating based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2016,45(9):0906002.(in Chinese)
[20]刘洋,钟年丙,陈明,等.精确测量微藻生物量的塑料光纤倏逝波传感器[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(10):151-158.LIU Y,ZHONG N B,CHEN M.Plastic optical fiber evanescent wave sensor for accurate measurement of microalgae biomass[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2015,23(10):151-158.(in Chinese)