川西地区中三叠统雷口坡组储层特征及其形成条件
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摘要
近年来,四川盆地川西地区雷口坡组的油气勘探取得了丰富的成果,但是对雷口坡组碳酸盐岩储层特征及其控制因素的综合研究还相对薄弱,严重制约了雷口坡组进一步的油气勘探步伐。基于野外露头、岩心、测井等资料,结合实验分析数据,系统总结了川西地区雷口坡组储层的发育特征及其形成条件。研究表明:(1)川西地区雷口坡组储集岩主要以藻白云岩、颗粒白云岩和细粉晶云岩为主,粒间孔、晶间孔和生物格架孔是主要的孔隙空间,储层整体表现为低孔低渗特征;(2)沉积相和岩溶作用共同控制着川西地区雷口坡组储层的发育,其中沉积相是储层发育的物质基础,准同生期的白云石化和岩溶作用是孔隙规模保持和次生孔隙形成的主控因素,而中三叠世末期的表生岩溶作用起到加强和巩固的作用,埋藏期有机酸的溶蚀作用起到保护作用。
In recent years,there are many oil and gas discoveries in Triassic Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan Basin,but the comprehensive studies on the characteristics of carbonate reservoir and the controlling factors are weak,which has seriously restricted the oil and gas exploration and development.Based on field outcrop,core observations,rock sections,logging data and the experiment data,systematic summarizationof the characteristics and formation conditions of carbonate reservoir in Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan Basin,it is concluded that:(1)the main types of reservoir rock in Leikoupo Formation are algal dolomite,grainstone dolomite and crystal dolostones,and the main pore space are intergranular pore,intercrystal pore and biological framework pore.The characteristics of reservoir are low porosity and low permeability.(2)The reservoir developments in Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan Basin are controlled by sedimentary microfacies and karstification.The sedimentary microfacies provide the material foundation for the development of the reservoir.The dolomitization and karst effect in Penecontemporaneous period are the key factors to form and maintain pore space.The late hypergenensis at the end of middle Triassic can strengthen and consolidate the pore space.The dissolution of organic acid and the residual oil and gas play an active protective role.
In recent years,there are many oil and gas discoveries in Triassic Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan Basin,but the comprehensive studies on the characteristics of carbonate reservoir and the controlling factors are weak,which has seriously restricted the oil and gas exploration and development.Based on field outcrop,core observations,rock sections,logging data and the experiment data,systematic summarizationof the characteristics and formation conditions of carbonate reservoir in Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan Basin,it is concluded that:(1)the main types of reservoir rock in Leikoupo Formation are algal dolomite,grainstone dolomite and crystal dolostones,and the main pore space are intergranular pore,intercrystal pore and biological framework pore.The characteristics of reservoir are low porosity and low permeability.(2)The reservoir developments in Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan Basin are controlled by sedimentary microfacies and karstification.The sedimentary microfacies provide the material foundation for the development of the reservoir.The dolomitization and karst effect in Penecontemporaneous period are the key factors to form and maintain pore space.The late hypergenensis at the end of middle Triassic can strengthen and consolidate the pore space.The dissolution of organic acid and the residual oil and gas play an active protective role.
引文
[1] Song Xiaobo,Wang Qiongxian,Long Ke,et al.Characteristics and main controlling factors of Middle Triassic Leikoupo paleokarst reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2013,18(2):8-14.宋晓波,王琼仙,隆轲,等.川西地区中三叠统雷口坡组古岩溶储层特征及发育主控因素[J].海相油气地质,2013,18(2):8-14.
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[3] Li Shubing,Xu Guoming,Song Xiaobo.Forming conditions of Pengzhou large gas field of Leikoupo Formation in Longmenshan piedmont tectonic belt,western Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(3):74-82.李书兵,许国明,宋晓波.川西龙门山前构造带彭州雷口坡组大型气田的形成条件[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(3):74-82.
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[6] Zeng Deming,Wang Xingzhi,Shi Xin,et al.Characteristic and reservoir property of the Leikoupo Formation of Middle Triassic in northwestern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(1):42-49.曾德铭,王兴志,石新,等.四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组滩体及储集性[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):42-49.
[7] Xin Yongguang,Zhou Jinggao,Ni Chao,et al.Sedimentary facies features and favorable lithofacies distribution of Middle Triassic Leikoupo barriered carbonate platform in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2013,18(2):1-7.辛勇光,周进高,倪超,等.四川盆地中三叠世雷口坡期障壁型碳酸盐岩台地沉积特征及有利储集相带分布[J].海相油气地质,2013,18(2):1-7.
[8] Qin Weijun,Zou Wei.Characteristics and genesis of Mid-Triassic Leikoupo Formation reservoirs,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(5):785-795.秦伟军,邹伟.川东北地区雷口坡组储层特征及其形成条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):785-795.
[9] Li Rong,Xu Guoming,Song Xiaobo,et al.Reservoir characteristics and control factors of the third period of the forth Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan Depression[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2016,40(5):63-74.李蓉,许国明,宋晓波,等.川西坳陷雷四3亚段储层控制因素及孔隙演化特征[J].东北石油大学学报,2016,40(5):63-74.
[10] Tang Yu.Characterization of the sedimentation of the Leikoupo Formation and the weathering crust reservoirs at the top of the formation in the western Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(1):42-47.唐宇.川西地区雷口坡组沉积与其顶部风化壳储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):42-47.
[11] Wu Shijiu,Zeng Deming,Wang Xingzhi,et al.Reservoir diagenesis and porosity evolution of Leikoupo-Yingshan area of central Sichuan Basin[J].Geology in China,2013,40(3):919-926.吴仕玖,曾德铭,王兴志,等.川中龙岗—营山地区雷口坡组雷四3亚段储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].中国地质,2013,40(3):919-926.
[12] Peng Jingsong,Liu Shugen,Zhang Changjun,et al.Study on diagenetic heterogeneity of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in front area of Longmenshan Mountains[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(6):790-801.彭靖松,刘树根,张长俊,等.龙门山前缘中三叠统雷口坡组储集层成岩作用差异性[J].古地理学报,2014,16(6):790-801.
[13] Qin Chuan,Liu Shugen,Zhang Changjun,et al.Diagenesis and porosity evolution of carbonate rocks of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the south-central part of Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2009,36(3):276-281.秦川,刘树根,张长俊,等.四川盆地中南部雷口坡组碳酸盐岩成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学报,2009,36(3):276-281.
[14] Song Wenyan,Liu Liqing,Gan Xueqi,et al.Weathering crust karstification in Leikoupo Formation in central Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(6):1019-1024.宋文燕,刘利清,甘学启,等.川中地区雷口坡组风化壳岩溶作用研究[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(6):1019-1024.
[15] Shen Anjiang,Zhou Jingao,Xin Yongguang,et al.Origin of Triassic Leikoupo dolostone reservoirs in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2008,13(4):19-28.沈安江,周进高,辛勇光,等.四川盆地雷口坡组白云岩储层类型及成因[J].海相油气地质,2008,13(4):19-28.
[16] Ding Xiong,Tan Xiucheng,Li Ling,et al.Characteristics and genetic analysis of grain shoal reservoirs in Lei 3member of Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2013,37(4):30-37.丁熊,谭秀成,李凌,等.四川盆地雷口坡组三段颗粒滩储层特征及成因分析[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(4):30-37.
[17] Li Hongtao,Hu Xiangyang,Shi Yunqing,et al.Sequence division and controlling factors of reservoir development of the4th member of Leikoupo Formation in foreland of Longmen Mountains in the Western Sichuan Depression,Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(4):753-763.李宏涛,胡向阳,史云清,等.四川盆地川西坳陷龙门山前雷口坡组四段气藏层序划分及储层发育控制因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(4):753-763.
[18] Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology on Oil&Gas Zones in the Sichuan Basin.Petroleum Geology of China(Vol.10):Oil&Gas Zones in the Sichuan Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989.四川油气区石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志:卷十四川油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.
[19] Yang Guang,Shi Xuewen,Huang Dong,et al.Characteristics and major controls of weathering crust gas reservoirs in T2l34in the Longgang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(9):17-24.杨光,石学文,黄东,等.四川盆地龙岗气田雷四3亚段风化壳气藏特征及其主控因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(9):17-24.
[20] Ding Xiong,Tan Xiucheng,Li Ling,et al.Characteristic and dominating factors of reservoirs in Leikoupo Formation,southwest Sichuan Basin[J].Geoscience,2015,29(3):644-652.丁熊,谭秀成,李凌,等.四川盆地西南部雷口坡组储层特征及控制因素[J].现代地质,2015,29(3):644-652.
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[22] Xu Guoming,Song Xiaobo,Feng Xia,et al.Gas potential of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the western Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):8-14.许国明,宋晓波,冯霞,等.川西地区中三叠统雷口坡组天然气勘探潜力[J].天然气工业,2013,33(8):8-14.
(1)尹宏,王旭丽.川西南雷口坡组成藏条件及勘探目标评价研究.中国石油西南油气田分公司川西北气矿.内部报告,2017.
(1)尹宏,王旭丽.川西南雷口坡组成藏条件及勘探目标评价研究.中国石油西南油气田分公司川西北气矿.内部报告,2017.
[2] Wu Shixiang,Li Hongtao,Long Shengxiang,et al.A study on characteristics and diagenesis of carbonate reservoirs in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(4):542-559.吴世祥,李宏涛,龙胜祥,等.川西雷口坡组碳酸盐岩储层特征及成岩作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(4):542-559.
[3] Li Shubing,Xu Guoming,Song Xiaobo.Forming conditions of Pengzhou large gas field of Leikoupo Formation in Longmenshan piedmont tectonic belt,western Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(3):74-82.李书兵,许国明,宋晓波.川西龙门山前构造带彭州雷口坡组大型气田的形成条件[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(3):74-82.
[4] Long Yi,Liu Shugen,Song Jinmin,et al.Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of Middle Triassic T2l43in Longgang area[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(6):36-44.龙翼,刘树根,宋金民,等.龙岗地区中三叠统雷四3亚段储层特征及控制因素[J].岩性油气藏,2016,28(6):36-44.
[5] Zeng Deming,Wang Xingzhi,Zhang Fan,et al.Study on reservoir of the Leikoupo Formation of Middle Triassic in northwestern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2007,9(3):253-266.曾德铭,王兴志,张帆,等.四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组储层研究[J].古地理学报,2007,9(3):253-266.
[6] Zeng Deming,Wang Xingzhi,Shi Xin,et al.Characteristic and reservoir property of the Leikoupo Formation of Middle Triassic in northwestern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(1):42-49.曾德铭,王兴志,石新,等.四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组滩体及储集性[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):42-49.
[7] Xin Yongguang,Zhou Jinggao,Ni Chao,et al.Sedimentary facies features and favorable lithofacies distribution of Middle Triassic Leikoupo barriered carbonate platform in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2013,18(2):1-7.辛勇光,周进高,倪超,等.四川盆地中三叠世雷口坡期障壁型碳酸盐岩台地沉积特征及有利储集相带分布[J].海相油气地质,2013,18(2):1-7.
[8] Qin Weijun,Zou Wei.Characteristics and genesis of Mid-Triassic Leikoupo Formation reservoirs,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(5):785-795.秦伟军,邹伟.川东北地区雷口坡组储层特征及其形成条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):785-795.
[9] Li Rong,Xu Guoming,Song Xiaobo,et al.Reservoir characteristics and control factors of the third period of the forth Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan Depression[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2016,40(5):63-74.李蓉,许国明,宋晓波,等.川西坳陷雷四3亚段储层控制因素及孔隙演化特征[J].东北石油大学学报,2016,40(5):63-74.
[10] Tang Yu.Characterization of the sedimentation of the Leikoupo Formation and the weathering crust reservoirs at the top of the formation in the western Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(1):42-47.唐宇.川西地区雷口坡组沉积与其顶部风化壳储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):42-47.
[11] Wu Shijiu,Zeng Deming,Wang Xingzhi,et al.Reservoir diagenesis and porosity evolution of Leikoupo-Yingshan area of central Sichuan Basin[J].Geology in China,2013,40(3):919-926.吴仕玖,曾德铭,王兴志,等.川中龙岗—营山地区雷口坡组雷四3亚段储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].中国地质,2013,40(3):919-926.
[12] Peng Jingsong,Liu Shugen,Zhang Changjun,et al.Study on diagenetic heterogeneity of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in front area of Longmenshan Mountains[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(6):790-801.彭靖松,刘树根,张长俊,等.龙门山前缘中三叠统雷口坡组储集层成岩作用差异性[J].古地理学报,2014,16(6):790-801.
[13] Qin Chuan,Liu Shugen,Zhang Changjun,et al.Diagenesis and porosity evolution of carbonate rocks of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the south-central part of Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2009,36(3):276-281.秦川,刘树根,张长俊,等.四川盆地中南部雷口坡组碳酸盐岩成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学报,2009,36(3):276-281.
[14] Song Wenyan,Liu Liqing,Gan Xueqi,et al.Weathering crust karstification in Leikoupo Formation in central Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(6):1019-1024.宋文燕,刘利清,甘学启,等.川中地区雷口坡组风化壳岩溶作用研究[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(6):1019-1024.
[15] Shen Anjiang,Zhou Jingao,Xin Yongguang,et al.Origin of Triassic Leikoupo dolostone reservoirs in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2008,13(4):19-28.沈安江,周进高,辛勇光,等.四川盆地雷口坡组白云岩储层类型及成因[J].海相油气地质,2008,13(4):19-28.
[16] Ding Xiong,Tan Xiucheng,Li Ling,et al.Characteristics and genetic analysis of grain shoal reservoirs in Lei 3member of Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2013,37(4):30-37.丁熊,谭秀成,李凌,等.四川盆地雷口坡组三段颗粒滩储层特征及成因分析[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(4):30-37.
[17] Li Hongtao,Hu Xiangyang,Shi Yunqing,et al.Sequence division and controlling factors of reservoir development of the4th member of Leikoupo Formation in foreland of Longmen Mountains in the Western Sichuan Depression,Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(4):753-763.李宏涛,胡向阳,史云清,等.四川盆地川西坳陷龙门山前雷口坡组四段气藏层序划分及储层发育控制因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(4):753-763.
[18] Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology on Oil&Gas Zones in the Sichuan Basin.Petroleum Geology of China(Vol.10):Oil&Gas Zones in the Sichuan Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989.四川油气区石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志:卷十四川油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.
[19] Yang Guang,Shi Xuewen,Huang Dong,et al.Characteristics and major controls of weathering crust gas reservoirs in T2l34in the Longgang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(9):17-24.杨光,石学文,黄东,等.四川盆地龙岗气田雷四3亚段风化壳气藏特征及其主控因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(9):17-24.
[20] Ding Xiong,Tan Xiucheng,Li Ling,et al.Characteristic and dominating factors of reservoirs in Leikoupo Formation,southwest Sichuan Basin[J].Geoscience,2015,29(3):644-652.丁熊,谭秀成,李凌,等.四川盆地西南部雷口坡组储层特征及控制因素[J].现代地质,2015,29(3):644-652.
[21]Wang Lansheng,Chen Shengji,Du Min,et al.Organic geochemistry characteristics and resources potential of Triassic natural gas in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(2):222-228.王兰生,陈盛吉,杜敏,等.四川盆地三叠系天然气地球化学特征及资源潜力分析[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(2):222-228.
[22] Xu Guoming,Song Xiaobo,Feng Xia,et al.Gas potential of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the western Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):8-14.许国明,宋晓波,冯霞,等.川西地区中三叠统雷口坡组天然气勘探潜力[J].天然气工业,2013,33(8):8-14.
(1)尹宏,王旭丽.川西南雷口坡组成藏条件及勘探目标评价研究.中国石油西南油气田分公司川西北气矿.内部报告,2017.
(1)尹宏,王旭丽.川西南雷口坡组成藏条件及勘探目标评价研究.中国石油西南油气田分公司川西北气矿.内部报告,2017.