基于RUSLE模型的铜仁地区1987—2015年土壤侵蚀时空特征
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摘要
以数字高程模型(DEM)、日降雨量、土地利用数据、遥感影像为基础数据,运用地理信息系统(GIS)与遥感(RS)技术,结合修正后的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)模型与景观格局的分析手段,研究铜仁地区1987—2015年的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征。结果表明:研究区在1987—1995年土壤侵蚀比较严重,而1995—2015年土壤侵蚀情况得到明显改善,此期间大部分区域以及岩溶槽谷区的土壤侵蚀强度向低一级转移,其中剧烈和极强等级侵蚀向中度和轻度等级侵蚀转出较多;从景观格局的角度来看,土壤侵蚀状况越来越受微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀优势景观类型所支配。
Based on digital elevation model( DEM),daily rainfall,land use date and remote sensing imagery as basic data,combined with GIS,RS techniques and landscape pattern analysis tool,the modified revised universal soil loss equation( RUSLE) was used to analyze temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Tongren Area from1987 to 2015. The results show that the soil erosion in the study area was relatively serious from 1987 to 1995. However,From 1995 to 2015,the soil erosion was significantly improved. During this period,the soil erosion intensity in most areas and karst trough areas shifted to a lower level. Among them,the violent and extremely strong grade erosions were mostly transferred to the moderate and mild grades. From the perspective of landscape pattern,the soil erosion status was increasingly dominated by the slightly erosion and mild erosion landscape types.
Based on digital elevation model( DEM),daily rainfall,land use date and remote sensing imagery as basic data,combined with GIS,RS techniques and landscape pattern analysis tool,the modified revised universal soil loss equation( RUSLE) was used to analyze temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Tongren Area from1987 to 2015. The results show that the soil erosion in the study area was relatively serious from 1987 to 1995. However,From 1995 to 2015,the soil erosion was significantly improved. During this period,the soil erosion intensity in most areas and karst trough areas shifted to a lower level. Among them,the violent and extremely strong grade erosions were mostly transferred to the moderate and mild grades. From the perspective of landscape pattern,the soil erosion status was increasingly dominated by the slightly erosion and mild erosion landscape types.
引文
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[29]谭炳香,李增元,王彦辉,等.基于遥感数据的流域土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(2):215-220.[TAN Bing-xiang,LI Zeng-yuan,WANG Yan-hui,et al.Estimation of Vegetation Coverage and Analysis of Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing Date for Guishuihe Drainage Basin[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2005,20(2):215-220.]
[30]许月卿,邵晓梅.基于GIS和RUSLE的土壤侵蚀量计算:以贵州省猫跳河流域为例[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(4):67-71.[XU Yue-qing,SHAO Xiao-mei.Estimation of Soil Ersion Supported by GIS and RUSLE:A Case Study of Maotiao Watershed,Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006,28(4):67-71.]
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[2]林晨,周生路,吴绍华.30年来东南红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀度时空演变研究:以长汀县为例[J].地理科学,2011,31(10):1235-1241.[LIN Chen,ZHOU Sheng-lu,WU Shao-hua.Evolution of Soil Erosion Degree in 30 Years in Granite Hills,Southeastern of China:A Case Study of Changting County,Fujian.[J].Scientia Geographical Science,2011,31(10):1235-1241.]
[3]GUPTA S,KUMAR S.Simulating Climate Change Impact on Soil Erosion Using RUSLE Model:A Case Study in a Watershed of MidHimalayan Landscape[J].Journal of Earth System Science,2017,126(4):43.
[4]XIAO L L,YANG X H,CHEN S X,et al.An Assessment of Erosivity Distribution and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of Land Use Conversion for Reducing Soil Erosion in Jiangxi,China[J].Catena,2015,125:50-60.
[5]许月卿,冯艳,周东,等.贵州省猫跳河流域土壤侵蚀动态变化分析[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):186-190.[XU Yue-qing,FENG Yan,ZHOU Dong,et al.Soil Erosion Dynamics in Maotiao River Watershed of Guizhou Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,31(1):186-190.]
[6]王尧,蔡运龙,潘懋.贵州省乌江流域土壤侵蚀模拟:基于GIS、RUSLE和ANN技术的研究[J].中国地质,2014,41(5):1735-1747.[WANG Yao,CAI Yun-long,PAN Mao.Soil Erosion Simulation of the Wujiang River Basin of Guizhou Province Based on GIS,RUSLE and ANN.[J].Geology in China,2014,41(5):1735-1747.]
[7]PARK S Y,OH C,JEON S,et al.Soil Erosion Risk in Korean Watersheds,Assessed Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,399(3/4):263-273.
[8]怡凯,王诗阳,王雪,等.基于RUSLE模型的土壤侵蚀时空分异特征分析:以辽宁省朝阳市为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(3):365-372.[YI Kai,WANG Shi-yang,WANG Xue,et al.The Characteristics of Spatial-Temporal Differentiation of Soil Erosion Based on RUSLE Model:A Case Study of Chaoyang City,Liaoning Province[J].Scientia Geographical Science,2015,35(3):365-372.]
[9]潘竟虎,文岩.基于RUSLE-SMA的黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀评价及景观格局分析:以庆城县蔡家庙流域为例[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(2):436-444.[PAN Jing-hu,WEN Yan.Soil Erosion Evaluation and Landscape Pattern Analysis of Loess Hilly and Gully Area Based on RUSLE-SMA:A Case Study of Caijiamiao Watershed in Qingcheng County,Gansu Province of Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(2):436-444.]
[10]向万丽,高华端,李兴春.清镇市土壤侵蚀强度景观空间格局分析[J].中国水土保持,2012(5):40-43,76.[XIANG Wan-li,GAO Hua-duan,LI Xing-chun.Spatial Pattern of Landscape of Soil Erosion intensity of Qingzhen City[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2012(5):40-43,76.]
[11]刘宇,吕一河,傅伯杰.景观格局-土壤侵蚀研究中景观指数的意义解释及局限性[J].生态学报,2011,31(1):267-275.[LIUYu,LYi-he,FU Bo-jie.Interpretation and limitation of Landscape Metrics in Delineating Relationship between Landscape and Soil Ersion[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(1):267-275.]
[12]冯舒,赵文武,陈利顶,等.2010年来黄土高原景观生态研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(12):3957-3966.[FENG Shu,ZHAOWen-wu,CHEN Li-ding,et al.Advances in Landscape Ecology in the Loess Plateau Since 2010 in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(12):3957-3966.]
[13]熊康宁,胡顺光.贵州喀斯特地区水土流失研究进展[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,29(4):106-110.[XIONGKang-ning,HU Shun-guang.Evolution of Soil and Water Loss in Guizhou Karst Area[J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Sciences),2011,29(4):106-110.]
[14]谢云,刘宝元,章文波.侵蚀性降雨标准研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(4):6-11.[XIE Yun,LIU Bao-yuan,ZHANG Wenbo.Study on Standard of Erosive Rainfall[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,14(4):6-11.]
[15]魏兴萍,谢世友,张志伟,等.重庆南平镇岩溶槽谷区不同土地利用类型地表水土流失[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):42-46.[WEI Xing-ping,XIE Shi-you,ZHANG Zhi-wei,et al.Characteristics of Surface Soil Erosion of Karst Valley in Different Land Use Types at Nanping in Chongqing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(6):42-46.]
[16]彭旭东,戴全厚,李昌兰,等.模拟雨强和地下裂隙对喀斯特地区坡耕地养分流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):131-140.[PENG XU-dong,DAI Quan-hou,LI Chang-lan,et al.Effects of Simulated Rainfall Intensities and Underground Pore Fissures Degrees on Soil Nutrient Loss from Slope Farmlands in Karst Region[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(2):131-140.]
[17]李阳兵,王世杰,魏朝富,等.贵州省碳酸盐岩地区土壤允许流失量的空间分布[J].地球与环境,2006,34(4):36-40.[LIYang-bing,WANG Shi-jie,WEI Chao-fu,et al.The Spatial Distribution of Soil Loss Tolerarce in Carbonate Areas in Guizhou Province[J].Earth and Environment,2006,34(4):36-40.]
[18]尹璐,闫庆武,卞正富.基于RUSLE模型的六盘水市土壤侵蚀评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(3):389-396.[YINLu,YAN Qing-wu,BIAN Zheng-fu.Evaluation of Soil Erosion of Liupanshui City Based on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(3):389-396.]
[19]RENARD K G,FOSTER R,WEESIES G,et al.Predicting Soil Erosion by Water:A Guide to Conservation Planning With the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[M].Washington DC,USA:United States Department of Agriculture(USDA),1997:1-367.
[20]WISCHMEIER W H,MANNERING J V.Relation of Soil Properties to its Erodibility[J].Soil Science Society of America,1969,33(1):131-137.
[21]SL 190-2007,土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S].[SL 190-2007,Standards for Classification and Gradation of Soil Erosion.]
[22]RICHARDSON C W,FOSTER G R,WRIGHT D A.Estimation of Erosion Index From Daily Rainfall Amount[J].Transactions American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1983,26(1):153-156.
[23]胡续礼,潘剑君,杨树江,等.几种降雨侵蚀力模型的比较研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(1):68-70.[HU Xu-li,PAN Jianjun,YANG Shu-jiang,et al.Comparative Study on Rainfall Erosivity Models Using Daily Rainfall Amounts[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,26(1):68-70.]
[24]SHARPLY A N,WILLIAMS J R.EPIC-Erosion/Produciviy Impact Calculator:1.Model Documentation[M].Washington DC,USA:USDA Technical Bullletin,1990:3-9.
[25]LIU B Y,NEARING M A,RISSE L M.Slope Gradient Effects on Soil Loss for Steep Slopes[J].Transactions of the ASABE,1994,37(6):1835-1840.
[26]MCCOOL D K,FOSTER G R,MUTCHLER C K,et al.Revised Slope Length Factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation[J].Transactions of the ASABE,1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[27]WISCHMEIER W H,SMITH D D.Prediction Rainfall Ersion Losses:A Guide to Conservation Planning[R].Washington DC,USA:Depatrtment of Agriculture,1978.
[28]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.[CAI Chong-fa,DING Shu-wen,SHI Zhihua,et al.Study of Applying USLE and Geographical information System IDRISI to Predict Soil Erosion in Small Watershed[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,14(2):19-24.]
[29]谭炳香,李增元,王彦辉,等.基于遥感数据的流域土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2005,20(2):215-220.[TAN Bing-xiang,LI Zeng-yuan,WANG Yan-hui,et al.Estimation of Vegetation Coverage and Analysis of Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing Date for Guishuihe Drainage Basin[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2005,20(2):215-220.]
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