氮磷钾肥对百色烟稻轮作区烤烟养分吸收和品质的影响
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摘要
采用田间试验,研究了氮磷钾肥对百色烟稻轮作区烤烟养分吸收和品质的影响。结果表明,烟株对氮磷钾吸收量NPK处理最多,不施肥最少,其他依次为NP,NK,PK处理;不施氮处理氮磷钾的吸收强度在66~80 d达到最高,施氮处理则在51~65 d达到最高;每生产100 kg干烟叶,烤烟对氮、磷、钾的平均需要量分别为4.07,0.65,8.46 kg;不同氮磷钾组合以氮磷钾配施处理烟叶化学成分含量适宜、比例较为协调,烟叶评吸得分高,而不施肥烟叶质量差;百色烟稻轮作区氮肥利用率高,磷、钾肥偏低。因此,百色烟稻轮作区应做到氮肥早施,合理施用磷、钾肥,以提高其利用率。
The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on nutrient uptake and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiment. The results showed that the amount of N, P, K absorption in tobacco plants of NPK treatment was the highest,no fertilizer was the least, and the others were in turn NP, NK and PK, respectively. The peak of N, P, K accumulation rate in no nitrogen treatment appeared 66-80 d after tobacco planting, but that in the nitrogen treatments appeared 51-65 d after tobacco planting. To produce 100 kg tobacco leaf, the average required amount of N, P, K were 4.07, 0. 65, 8.46 kg, respectively. The chemical components of NPK treatment was harmony, the smoking score was high, while the quality of tobacco leaves of CK was not good. The nitrogen use efficiency in Baise tobacco-rice rotation area was high, while phosphorus and potassium were low. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied early in Baise tobacco-rice rotation area, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be rationally applied to improve the utilization rate.
The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on nutrient uptake and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiment. The results showed that the amount of N, P, K absorption in tobacco plants of NPK treatment was the highest,no fertilizer was the least, and the others were in turn NP, NK and PK, respectively. The peak of N, P, K accumulation rate in no nitrogen treatment appeared 66-80 d after tobacco planting, but that in the nitrogen treatments appeared 51-65 d after tobacco planting. To produce 100 kg tobacco leaf, the average required amount of N, P, K were 4.07, 0. 65, 8.46 kg, respectively. The chemical components of NPK treatment was harmony, the smoking score was high, while the quality of tobacco leaves of CK was not good. The nitrogen use efficiency in Baise tobacco-rice rotation area was high, while phosphorus and potassium were low. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied early in Baise tobacco-rice rotation area, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be rationally applied to improve the utilization rate.
引文
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[19]冀宏杰,李春俭,张福锁,等.生长后期不同断根及追钾对云南烤烟含钾量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(1):83-86.
[20]代晓燕,张芊,王建安,等.不同钾肥施用量及基追施比对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(1):26-31.
[2]尹鹏达,赵丽娜,朱文旭,等.氮磷钾配施对烤烟农艺性状和主要化学成分的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(2):375-379.
[3]毛家伟,翟文汇,孙大为,等.不同种类钾肥对烤烟SPAD值、根系活力及经济性状的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(5):584-587.
[4]张翔,毛家伟,黄元炯,等.不同施肥处理烤烟氮磷钾吸收分配规律研究[J].中国烟草学报,2012,18(1):53-57.
[5]曾文龙,陈虹,蒋代兵,等.施用不同形态肥料对烤烟生长发育及养分吸收的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(1):73-77.
[6]李洪斌,张杨珠,廖超林,等.烟稻轮作下烤烟的施肥及养分吸收效应[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,38(6):656-661.
[7]陈壮壮,郭俊杰,陈泽鹏,等.不同施肥模式对烤烟氮钾肥利用效率及产量和品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(5):180-188.
[8]高华军,林北森,赖洪敏,等.广西百色烟区两大耕作模式烟叶质量特征比较研究[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(2):481-486.
[9]高华军,韦忠,罗刚,等.百色市植烟土壤状况及保育和修复技术[J].作物研究,2016,30(6):736-740.
[10]周柳强,黄美福,周兴华,等.不同氮肥用量对田烤烟生长、养分吸收及产质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(4):1166-1172.
[11]农世英,林北森,周文亮,等.云烟97适宜施氮量试验[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(3):396-398,402.
[12]国家烟草专卖局科技教育司,郑州烟草研究院.YC/T138-1998烟草及烟草制品感官评价方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1998.
[13]陈萍,李明福,李天福.云南植烟土壤肥料利用率研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(18):125-129.
[14]林北森,高华军,王五权,等.广西百色市植烟土壤养分状况及影响因素分析[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(4):49-53.
[15]林北森,周柳强,高华军,等.百色烤烟施肥管理[M].南宁:广西科学出版社,2015.
[16]张文明,邱慧珍,张春红,等.陇东烤烟“3414”施肥效果及推荐施肥量研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(5):191-195.
[17]程智敏,向金友,蔡毅,等.氮磷钾配比对云烟100生长发育及产质量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(7):63-66.
[18]陆引罡,王家顺,赵承,等.有机-无机专用混配肥对烤烟产量和养分利用率的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(2):334-337.
[19]冀宏杰,李春俭,张福锁,等.生长后期不同断根及追钾对云南烤烟含钾量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(1):83-86.
[20]代晓燕,张芊,王建安,等.不同钾肥施用量及基追施比对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(1):26-31.