基于大地电磁法的水文地质结构及参数推断
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摘要
大地电磁法已被广泛用于矿产资源勘探和工程勘查,但该方法在水文地质参数定量方面的成果文献尚不多见。以科尔沁沙丘—草甸相间地区巨厚第四系沉积层为研究对象,通过EH-4大地电磁法的测试结合地质钻探试验数据,划定出研究区埋深105 m范围内砂黏土层在空间上的分布;经检验大地电磁法探测总体误差在5.1%~7.2%,其精度足以满足水文地质勘察的需求。然后利用研究区已有的土壤传递函数(Pedo-transfer functions,PTFs)模型对测区埋深105 m范围内的饱和导水系数进行了估算,进而首次利用大地电磁法所得数据建立了视电阻率与饱和导水系数的拟合模型。利用该模型推断出研究区埋深200 m范围内含水层的富水性,刻画出饱和导水系数的空间分布,为研究区提供了更加丰富的水文地质信息,同时也极大地提升了水文地球物理方法在水力参数预测方面的尺度。
The magnetotelluric method has been widely used in the exploration of mineral resources and engineering survey for several years. However, this method is seldom employed in hydrogeological investigation. In this paper,we regard the thick Quaternary sediments in a sand dune-and-meadow interlaced region of Horqin as the research area,and analyze the application of the EH-4 exploration to the thick quaternary phreatic aquifer through the EH-4 magnetotelluric method system. By using the EH-4 data and particle size analyses we delineate the spatial distribution of the sandy clay layer in a depth of 105 m in the study area. We carry out a test on the results of the geophysical prospecting by using three peripheral borehole data,which show that the total error of the geophysical prospecting is between 5. 1% and 7. 2%. The results indicate that EH-4 has a good application effect on hydrogeological exploration in the thick Quaternary phreatic aquifer. To calculate the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in the range of 105 m we use the existing Pedotransfer function model in the study area,and obtain a fitting model of the saturated hydraulic conductivity andthe apparent resistivity from the EH-4 magnetotelluric method in the saturated fresh water. The model results reveal the distribution of water yield property and saturated hydraulic conductivity with the depth range of 200 m in the study area. The quantitative interpretation of the EH-4 magnetotelluric method in hydrogeologic field is realized,which may provide more abundant information of the study area. At the same time,the scale of the hydro-geophysical method in hydraulic parameter prediction is greatly improved.
The magnetotelluric method has been widely used in the exploration of mineral resources and engineering survey for several years. However, this method is seldom employed in hydrogeological investigation. In this paper,we regard the thick Quaternary sediments in a sand dune-and-meadow interlaced region of Horqin as the research area,and analyze the application of the EH-4 exploration to the thick quaternary phreatic aquifer through the EH-4 magnetotelluric method system. By using the EH-4 data and particle size analyses we delineate the spatial distribution of the sandy clay layer in a depth of 105 m in the study area. We carry out a test on the results of the geophysical prospecting by using three peripheral borehole data,which show that the total error of the geophysical prospecting is between 5. 1% and 7. 2%. The results indicate that EH-4 has a good application effect on hydrogeological exploration in the thick Quaternary phreatic aquifer. To calculate the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in the range of 105 m we use the existing Pedotransfer function model in the study area,and obtain a fitting model of the saturated hydraulic conductivity andthe apparent resistivity from the EH-4 magnetotelluric method in the saturated fresh water. The model results reveal the distribution of water yield property and saturated hydraulic conductivity with the depth range of 200 m in the study area. The quantitative interpretation of the EH-4 magnetotelluric method in hydrogeologic field is realized,which may provide more abundant information of the study area. At the same time,the scale of the hydro-geophysical method in hydraulic parameter prediction is greatly improved.
引文
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[20]孙傲,刘廷玺,杨大文,等.科尔沁沙丘-草甸相间地区不同地貌类型地下水位对降雨的响应研究[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(5),1059-1069.[SUN A,LIU T X,YANG D W,et al.Response of groundwater level to rainfall in different types of landscape in dune-meadow interphase region of Horqin[J].Arid Land Geography,2016,39(5):1059-1069.(in Chinese)]
[2]Irving J,Singha K.Stochastic inversion of tracer test and electrical geophysical data to estimate hydraulic conductivities[J].Water Resources Research,2010,46(11):2387-2392.
[3]Binley A,Hubbard S S,Huisman J A,et al.The emergence of hydrogeophysics for improved understanding of subsurface processes over multiple scales[J].Water Resources Research,2015,51(6):3837-3866.
[4]宋洪伟,张翼龙,刘国辉,等.综合电法在太行山区地下水勘查实例解析[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(2):23-29.[SONG H W,ZHANG Y L,LIU G H,et al.Analysis of groundwater investigation by comprehensive electrical methods in the Taihang Mountain[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(2):23-29.(in Chinese)]
[5]程辉,曹福祥,底青云.沙漠戈壁地貌地区地下水电性勘查研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1898-1904.[CHENG H,CAO F X,DI Q Y.Research and application of groundwater geophysical exploration in desert and gobi regions of northwesten China[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(5):1898-1904.(in Chinese)]
[6]科左后旗区域水文地质普查报告[R].中国人民解放军00919部队,1982.[Regional hydrogeological survey report on kerqinzuoyihou banner[R].The Chinese People's Liberation Army 00919 troops,1982.(in Chinese)]
[7]Bouma J.Using Soil Survey Data for Quantitative Land Evaluation[C]//Advances in Soil Science.New York:Springer US,1989:177-213.
[8]孙丽,刘廷玺,段利民,等.科尔沁沙丘-草甸相间地区表土饱和导水率的土壤传递函数研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):68-76.[SUN L,LIU T X,DUAN L M,et al.Prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivity of surface soil in sand-dune-and-meadow interlaced region of horqin with pedo-transfer functions method[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(1):68-76.(in Chinese)]
[9]姚姣转,刘廷玺,王天帅,等.科尔沁沙地土壤水分特征曲线传递函数的构建与评估[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):98-108.[YAO J Z,LIU T X,WANG T S,et al.Development and valuation of pedo-transfer functions of soil water characteristic curves in Horqin sandy land[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(20):98-108.(in Chinese)]
[10]Maio R D,Fabbrocino S,Forte G,et al.A threedimensional hydrogeological-geophysical model of a multi-layered aquifer in the coastal alluvial plain of Sarno River(Southern Italy)[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2014,22(3):691-703.
[11]Falgàs E,Ledo J,Benjumea B,et al.Integrating hydrogeological and geophysical methods for the characterization of a deltaic aquifer system[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2011,32(6):857-873.
[12]Qi Y Z,Shimada J,Sato A.Three-dimensional spatial and temporal monitoring of soil water content using electrical resistivity tomography[J].Water Resources Research,2001,37(37):273-285.
[13]Farzamian M,Santos F A M,Khalil M A.Estimation of unsaturated hydraulic parameters in sandstone using electrical resistivity tomography under a water injection test[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2015,121:71-83.
[14]Wang Y,Shao M,Liu Z.Vertical distribution and influencing factors of soil water content within 21-m profile on the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Geoderma,2013,193/194:300-310.
[15]Frohlich R K,Fisher J J,Summerly E.Electrichydraulic conductivity correlation in fractured crystaline bedrock:Central Landfill,Rhode Island,USA[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,1996,35(4):249-259.
[16]Khalil M A,Santos F A M.Influence of degree of saturation in the electric resistivity-hydraulic conductivity relationship[J].Surveys in geophysics,2009,30(6):601.
[17]Purvance D T,Andricevic R.On the electricalhydraulic conductivity correlation in aquifers[J].Water Resources Research,2000,36(10):2905-2913.
[18]B9rner F D,Schopper J R,Weller A.Evaluation of transport and storage properties in the soil and groundwater zone from induced polarization measurements[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44(4):583-601.
[19]Nelson P H.Permeability-Porosity Relationships in Sedimentary Rocks[J].Log Analyst,1994,35(3):38-62.
[20]孙傲,刘廷玺,杨大文,等.科尔沁沙丘-草甸相间地区不同地貌类型地下水位对降雨的响应研究[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(5),1059-1069.[SUN A,LIU T X,YANG D W,et al.Response of groundwater level to rainfall in different types of landscape in dune-meadow interphase region of Horqin[J].Arid Land Geography,2016,39(5):1059-1069.(in Chinese)]