双泵合流系统电-液联控合流阀设计与试验
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摘要
设计了一种电-液联控合流阀,电磁阀和换向阀内反馈压力联合控制合流阀的开启和关闭,能够实现油液的双向流动,使流量调速区间更大,执行机构动作更为迅速。基于传统方法确定阀结构参数,设计U型过渡节流槽,在Matlab中建立通流面积模型并进行计算。建立电-液联控合流阀AMESim模型并进行性能仿真,仿真结果表明,该阀控制流量范围为0~5.83×10~(-3)m~3/s,流量变化平稳;在8~11.5 mm阀芯位移区间内,合流阀压力损失随阀口开度增加而降低,当阀芯位移为11.5 mm时,合流阀压力损失为0.18 MPa。起重机卷扬系统试验结果表明,该阀最大流量达6×10~(-3)m~3/s,最大流量下压力损失为0.27 MPa;单泵供油模式下卷扬起升工况,卷筒最低稳定微动速度为1.9 r/min,启动冲击为2.1 MPa,停止冲击为2.2 MPa,启动响应延时0.7 s,停止响应延时0.8 s;卷扬下落工况,卷筒最低稳定微动速度为2.17 r/min,启动冲击为5.2 MPa,停止冲击为1.9 MPa,启动响应延时1.1 s,停止响应延时0.75 s。安装有该阀的双泵合流系统供油时,卷扬起升工况,卷筒最低稳定微动速度为2.17 r/min,启动冲击为2.5 MPa,停止冲击为0 MPa,启动响应延时0.65 s,停止响应延时0.28 s;卷扬下落工况,卷筒最低稳定微动速度为1.57 r/min,启动冲击为2.7 MPa,停止冲击为1.6 MPa,启动响应延时0.57 s,停止响应延时0.31 s。
In order to improve the efficiency and movement stability of the high power hydraulic system and reduce the hydraulic impact and energy loss,an electric hydraulic joint valve was designed. The opening and closing of the confluence valve was controlled by the joint control of feedback pressure in the solenoid valve and the reversing valve. The fluid in the valve flowed bi-directional,so the flow speed range was large and the actuator was fast. The valve structure parameters obtained by traditional calculation,throttling groove was designed as U groove,and groove flow area was calculated in Matlab.The AMESim model of the electro-hydraulic confluence valve was established and simulated,and the simulation results showed that the flow range of this valve was 0 ~ 5. 83 × 10~(-3) m~3/s,and the flow rate was stable; in 8 ~ 11. 5 mm spool displacement range,the pressure loss of the confluence valve was decreased with the opening of the valve. When the spool displacement was 11. 5 mm,the pressure loss of the confluence valve was only 0. 18 MPa,and the energy loss was small. The test results of the hoisting system of crane showed that the maximum flow rate of the valve was 6 × 10~(-3) m~3/s,and the pressure loss at the maximum flow rate was 0. 27 MPa. In single pump mode when the hoist was lifted,the minimum stable fretting speed of the reel was 1. 9 r/min,the starting impact was 2. 1 MPa,the stop impact was2. 2 MPa,the starting delay was 0. 7 s,and the stop delay was 0. 8 s; when the hoist was fallen,the minimum stable fretting speed of the reel was 2. 17 r/min,the starting impact was 5. 2 MPa,the stop impact was 1. 9 MPa,the starting delay was 1. 1 s,and the stop delay was 0. 75 s. In double pump modewhen the hoist was lifted,the minimum stable fretting speed of the reel was 2. 17 r/min,the starting impact was 2. 5 MPa,the stop impact was zero,the starting delay was 0. 65 s,and the stop delay was0. 28 s; when the hoist was fallen,the minimum stable fretting speed of the reel was 1. 57 r/min,the starting impact was 2. 7 MPa,the stop impact was 1. 6 MPa,the starting delay was 0. 57 s,and the stop delay was 0. 31 s.
In order to improve the efficiency and movement stability of the high power hydraulic system and reduce the hydraulic impact and energy loss,an electric hydraulic joint valve was designed. The opening and closing of the confluence valve was controlled by the joint control of feedback pressure in the solenoid valve and the reversing valve. The fluid in the valve flowed bi-directional,so the flow speed range was large and the actuator was fast. The valve structure parameters obtained by traditional calculation,throttling groove was designed as U groove,and groove flow area was calculated in Matlab.The AMESim model of the electro-hydraulic confluence valve was established and simulated,and the simulation results showed that the flow range of this valve was 0 ~ 5. 83 × 10~(-3) m~3/s,and the flow rate was stable; in 8 ~ 11. 5 mm spool displacement range,the pressure loss of the confluence valve was decreased with the opening of the valve. When the spool displacement was 11. 5 mm,the pressure loss of the confluence valve was only 0. 18 MPa,and the energy loss was small. The test results of the hoisting system of crane showed that the maximum flow rate of the valve was 6 × 10~(-3) m~3/s,and the pressure loss at the maximum flow rate was 0. 27 MPa. In single pump mode when the hoist was lifted,the minimum stable fretting speed of the reel was 1. 9 r/min,the starting impact was 2. 1 MPa,the stop impact was2. 2 MPa,the starting delay was 0. 7 s,and the stop delay was 0. 8 s; when the hoist was fallen,the minimum stable fretting speed of the reel was 2. 17 r/min,the starting impact was 5. 2 MPa,the stop impact was 1. 9 MPa,the starting delay was 1. 1 s,and the stop delay was 0. 75 s. In double pump modewhen the hoist was lifted,the minimum stable fretting speed of the reel was 2. 17 r/min,the starting impact was 2. 5 MPa,the stop impact was zero,the starting delay was 0. 65 s,and the stop delay was0. 28 s; when the hoist was fallen,the minimum stable fretting speed of the reel was 1. 57 r/min,the starting impact was 2. 7 MPa,the stop impact was 1. 6 MPa,the starting delay was 0. 57 s,and the stop delay was 0. 31 s.
引文
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3冀宏,秦娟娟,刘新强,等.液压挖掘机合流工况多路阀内流阻力的分析[J].液压与气动,2013(9):41-45.JI Hong,QIN Juanjuan,LIU Xinqiang,et al.The analysis of flow resistance in hydraulic excavator multi-way valve under the interflow condition[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2013(9):41-45(in Chinese)
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6王剑鹏,秦四成.轮式装载机双泵合流液压系统性能试验和仿真分析[J].建筑机械,2009(1):73-75,77.WANG Jianpeng,QIN Sicheng.Test and model on performance of double pumps and double circuits of hydraulic system of wheel loader[J].Construction Machinery,2009(1):73-75,77.(in Chinese)
7 CHERRINE K P,ANDRF L,LUCIANA M T M,et al.A multi-pumping flow system for chemiluminometric determination of ascorbic acid in powdered materials for preparation of fruit juices[J].Microchemical Journal,2006,83(2):70-74.
8牟少良.铲运机液压系统双泵合流技术分析[J].时代农机,2017,44(6):91-92.MOU Shaoliang.Analysis of double pump combined technology for hydraulic system of scraper[J].Times Agricultural Machinery,2017,44(6):91-92.(in Chinese)
9王永进,权龙,杨敬.大型正铲液压挖掘机斗杆升降回路及特性[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(20):180-187.WANG Yongjin,QUAN Long,YANG Jing.Arm lifting circuit and features of large face-shovel hydraulic excavator[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(20):180-187.(in Chinese)
10 ANDREA B,FEDERICO C,MIRKO P,et al.Energy saving solutions for a hydraulic excavator[J].Energy Procedia,2017(126):1099-1106.
11苏晨,刘志怀.双转向器合流式全液压转向系统特性分析[J].机械设计与制造,2018(2):167-170.SU Chen,LIU Zhihuai.Characteristic analysis of the full hydraulic steering system with double steering units confluence[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2018(2):167-170.(in Chinese)
12 BORGHI M,MILANI M,PAOLUZZI R.Influence of notch shape and number of notches on the metering characteristics of hydraulic spool valves[J].International Journal of Fluid Power,2005,6(2):5-18.
13李明生,朱忠祥,毛恩荣,等.大功率拖拉机电液提升器比例提升阀设计[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(10):31-35,89.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20121006&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.10.006.LI Mingsheng,ZHU Zhongxiang,MAO Enrong,et al.Design of proportional raise valve in electro-hydraulic lifting mechanism of big-power tractor[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(10):31-35,89.(in Chinese)
14 YE Yi,YIN Chenbo,LI Xingdong,et al.Effects of groove shape of notch on the flow characteristics of spool valve[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2014,86(10):1091-1101.
15赵建军,朱忠祥,宋正河,等.重型拖拉机电液提升器多路换向阀仿真与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(增刊):1-9.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=2014s101&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.S0.001.ZHAO Jianjun,ZHU Zhongxiang,SONG Zhenghe,et al.Simulation and experiment on multi-directional valve of heavy tractor electro-hydraulic hitch[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(Supp.):1-9.(in Chinese)
16 YE Y,YIN C B,LI X D,et al.Effects of groove shape of notch on the flow characteristics of spool valve[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2014,86(5):1091-1101.
17 WANG Zhaoqiang,GU Linyi,JI Hong,et al.Flow field simulation and establishment for mathematical models of flow area of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch machined by different methods[J].Journal of Central South University,2014,21(1):140-150.
18袁士豪,殷晨波,叶仪,等.异型分压阀口节流槽节流特性研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(1):321-327.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140149&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.01.049.YUAN Shihao,YIN Chenbo,YE Yi,et al.Studies on the throttling performance of non-circumferential throttling port[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(1):321-327.(in Chinese)
19冀宏,王东升,刘小平,等.滑阀节流槽阀口的流量控制特性[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(1):198-202.JI Hong,WANG Dongsheng,LIU Xiaoping,et al.Flow control characteristic of the orifice in spool valve with notches[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(1):198-202.(in Chinese)
20 WANG Z Q,GU L Y,JI H,et al.Flow field simulation and establishment for mathematical models of flow area of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch machined by different methods[J].Journal of Central South University,2014,21(1):140-150.
21 CAO Hui,GUO Hui.Optimization of PID parameters of hydraulic system of elevating wheel chair based on AMESim[J].Procedia Engineering,2011(15):3710-3714.
22李明生,叶进,谢斌,等.拖拉机液压底盘液控比例流量阀设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(4):397-403.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180447&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.04.047.LI Mingsheng,YE Jin,XIE Bin,et al.Design and test of hydraulic proportional flow valve for hydraulic chassis in tractor[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(4):397-403.(in Chinese)
2潘阳,李毅波,黄明辉,等.双联轴向柱塞泵配流盘优化与流量脉动特性分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(4):391-398.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160451&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.04.051.PAN Yang,LI Yibo,HUANG Minghui,et al.Plate improvement and flow ripple characteristic analysis for double compound axial piston pump[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):391-398.(in Chinese)
3冀宏,秦娟娟,刘新强,等.液压挖掘机合流工况多路阀内流阻力的分析[J].液压与气动,2013(9):41-45.JI Hong,QIN Juanjuan,LIU Xinqiang,et al.The analysis of flow resistance in hydraulic excavator multi-way valve under the interflow condition[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2013(9):41-45(in Chinese)
4桑勇,邵利来,赵健龙.基于AMESim多泵合流液压能源系统的研究[J].液压气动与密封,2017,37(3):26-30.SANG Yong,SHAO Lilai,ZHAO Jianlong.Study on hydraulic energy system with multiple pump confluence based on AMESim[J].Hydraulics Pneumatics&Seals,2017,37(3):26-30.(in Chinese)
5梁晓东,冯茂林,孙芬.液压系统双泵合流技术探究[J].有色设备,2011(1):14-17.LIANG Xiaodong,FENG Maolin,SUN Fen.Research on dual-pump confluence technology of hydraulic system[J].Nonferrous Metallurgical Equipment,2011(1):14-17.(in Chinese)
6王剑鹏,秦四成.轮式装载机双泵合流液压系统性能试验和仿真分析[J].建筑机械,2009(1):73-75,77.WANG Jianpeng,QIN Sicheng.Test and model on performance of double pumps and double circuits of hydraulic system of wheel loader[J].Construction Machinery,2009(1):73-75,77.(in Chinese)
7 CHERRINE K P,ANDRF L,LUCIANA M T M,et al.A multi-pumping flow system for chemiluminometric determination of ascorbic acid in powdered materials for preparation of fruit juices[J].Microchemical Journal,2006,83(2):70-74.
8牟少良.铲运机液压系统双泵合流技术分析[J].时代农机,2017,44(6):91-92.MOU Shaoliang.Analysis of double pump combined technology for hydraulic system of scraper[J].Times Agricultural Machinery,2017,44(6):91-92.(in Chinese)
9王永进,权龙,杨敬.大型正铲液压挖掘机斗杆升降回路及特性[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(20):180-187.WANG Yongjin,QUAN Long,YANG Jing.Arm lifting circuit and features of large face-shovel hydraulic excavator[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(20):180-187.(in Chinese)
10 ANDREA B,FEDERICO C,MIRKO P,et al.Energy saving solutions for a hydraulic excavator[J].Energy Procedia,2017(126):1099-1106.
11苏晨,刘志怀.双转向器合流式全液压转向系统特性分析[J].机械设计与制造,2018(2):167-170.SU Chen,LIU Zhihuai.Characteristic analysis of the full hydraulic steering system with double steering units confluence[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2018(2):167-170.(in Chinese)
12 BORGHI M,MILANI M,PAOLUZZI R.Influence of notch shape and number of notches on the metering characteristics of hydraulic spool valves[J].International Journal of Fluid Power,2005,6(2):5-18.
13李明生,朱忠祥,毛恩荣,等.大功率拖拉机电液提升器比例提升阀设计[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(10):31-35,89.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20121006&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.10.006.LI Mingsheng,ZHU Zhongxiang,MAO Enrong,et al.Design of proportional raise valve in electro-hydraulic lifting mechanism of big-power tractor[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(10):31-35,89.(in Chinese)
14 YE Yi,YIN Chenbo,LI Xingdong,et al.Effects of groove shape of notch on the flow characteristics of spool valve[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2014,86(10):1091-1101.
15赵建军,朱忠祥,宋正河,等.重型拖拉机电液提升器多路换向阀仿真与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(增刊):1-9.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=2014s101&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.S0.001.ZHAO Jianjun,ZHU Zhongxiang,SONG Zhenghe,et al.Simulation and experiment on multi-directional valve of heavy tractor electro-hydraulic hitch[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(Supp.):1-9.(in Chinese)
16 YE Y,YIN C B,LI X D,et al.Effects of groove shape of notch on the flow characteristics of spool valve[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2014,86(5):1091-1101.
17 WANG Zhaoqiang,GU Linyi,JI Hong,et al.Flow field simulation and establishment for mathematical models of flow area of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch machined by different methods[J].Journal of Central South University,2014,21(1):140-150.
18袁士豪,殷晨波,叶仪,等.异型分压阀口节流槽节流特性研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(1):321-327.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140149&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.01.049.YUAN Shihao,YIN Chenbo,YE Yi,et al.Studies on the throttling performance of non-circumferential throttling port[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(1):321-327.(in Chinese)
19冀宏,王东升,刘小平,等.滑阀节流槽阀口的流量控制特性[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(1):198-202.JI Hong,WANG Dongsheng,LIU Xiaoping,et al.Flow control characteristic of the orifice in spool valve with notches[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(1):198-202.(in Chinese)
20 WANG Z Q,GU L Y,JI H,et al.Flow field simulation and establishment for mathematical models of flow area of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch machined by different methods[J].Journal of Central South University,2014,21(1):140-150.
21 CAO Hui,GUO Hui.Optimization of PID parameters of hydraulic system of elevating wheel chair based on AMESim[J].Procedia Engineering,2011(15):3710-3714.
22李明生,叶进,谢斌,等.拖拉机液压底盘液控比例流量阀设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(4):397-403.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180447&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.04.047.LI Mingsheng,YE Jin,XIE Bin,et al.Design and test of hydraulic proportional flow valve for hydraulic chassis in tractor[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(4):397-403.(in Chinese)