城市重污染河道治理不同阶段中浮游动物群落的变化
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摘要
为研究城市重污染河道不同治理阶段中水质变化和浮游动物群落变化特征,于2016—2017年对江苏省宜兴市临溪河进行了工程改善和水生植物恢复两个阶段的治理,并对各阶段治理后河流中的水质及浮游动物进行了调查研究。结果表明,不同阶段水体中高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、TN和TP等基本显著降低。浮游动物的密度和种类、多样性显著提高,轮虫的变化最明显。水生植物恢复后,轮虫优势种由工程治理阶段的角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus)等耐污种转变为了寡污的针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla),同时出现了腔轮虫(Lecane spp.)和鞍甲轮虫(Lepadella spp.)等清洁水体指示种。根据Margalef指数进行评价,水生植物修复后水体更接近寡污水体,这与水生植物能极大提升水体透明度和DO,为浮游动物提供更多生态位有关。因此,虽然重污染河道治理不同阶段均可显著改善水质,但水生植物恢复对提高浮游动物群落的多样性和稳定性,构建水生生态系统有不可或缺的作用。
In order to reveal the dynamics of water quality and zooplankton during different river restoration stages,in situ remediation experiment was conducted during 2016-2017 in Linxi River,which was a typical polluted urban river located in Yixin,Jiangsu Province.The entire remediation process was composed of initial engineering treatment and following recovery of aquatic vegetation.During each stage,the water parameters and zooplankton communities were investigated.The results showed that after remediation,the concentrations of permanganate index,ammonia nitrogen,TN and TP in the water decreased significantly,and the density,diversity and species of zooplankton communities,especially rotifers increased significantly.During the engineering treatment stage,the dominant species of rotifer were Brachionus angularis and Brachionus urceus,which were commonly categorized into polysaprobic species.However,after aquatic vegetation restoration,the rotifer community was dominated by a oligosaprobic specie-Polyarthra trigla.Concurrently,the indicator species of clean waters,Lecane spp.and Lepadella spp.also appeared.Based on the Margalef index evaluation,the river water was recovered to oligosaprobic level only after restoration of aquatic vegetation.It suggested that the aquatic vegetation provided more niches for various zooplanktons,which could be partly explained by increases of transparency and dissolved oxygen in river.Generally,the results indicated that although the engineering treatment and restoration of aquatic vegetation could improve water quality,restoration of aquatic vegetation was essential to improve the diversity and stability of zooplankton communities,and to construct a clean water ecosystem.
In order to reveal the dynamics of water quality and zooplankton during different river restoration stages,in situ remediation experiment was conducted during 2016-2017 in Linxi River,which was a typical polluted urban river located in Yixin,Jiangsu Province.The entire remediation process was composed of initial engineering treatment and following recovery of aquatic vegetation.During each stage,the water parameters and zooplankton communities were investigated.The results showed that after remediation,the concentrations of permanganate index,ammonia nitrogen,TN and TP in the water decreased significantly,and the density,diversity and species of zooplankton communities,especially rotifers increased significantly.During the engineering treatment stage,the dominant species of rotifer were Brachionus angularis and Brachionus urceus,which were commonly categorized into polysaprobic species.However,after aquatic vegetation restoration,the rotifer community was dominated by a oligosaprobic specie-Polyarthra trigla.Concurrently,the indicator species of clean waters,Lecane spp.and Lepadella spp.also appeared.Based on the Margalef index evaluation,the river water was recovered to oligosaprobic level only after restoration of aquatic vegetation.It suggested that the aquatic vegetation provided more niches for various zooplanktons,which could be partly explained by increases of transparency and dissolved oxygen in river.Generally,the results indicated that although the engineering treatment and restoration of aquatic vegetation could improve water quality,restoration of aquatic vegetation was essential to improve the diversity and stability of zooplankton communities,and to construct a clean water ecosystem.
引文
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[23] SLDEˇCEK V.Rotifers as indicators of water quality[J].Hydrobiologia,1983,100(1):169-201.
[24]李芸,石彭灵,沈宏,等.梁塘河浮游动物的空间分布及其与环境因子的关系[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(10):1531-1537.
[25]黄尤优,曾燏,刘守江,等.大渡河老鹰岩河段的水生生物群落结构及水质评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):132-140.
[26]曾碧健,岳晓彩,黎祖福,等.生态浮床原位修复对海水养殖池塘浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(2):354-359.
[27] ARAUZO M,VALLADOLID M.Short-term harmful effects of unionised ammonia on natural populations of Moina micrura and Brachionus rubens in a deep waste treatment pond[J].Water Research,2003,37(11):2547-2554.
[28]陈磊,高东泉,舒凤月,等.南四湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].动物学杂志,2016,51(1):113-120.
[29]杨桂军,潘宏凯,刘正文,等.太湖不同富营养水平湖区轮虫季节变化的比较[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(6):652-657.
[30]徐海龙,马志华,郭立,等.光照、pH及盐度对褶皱臂尾轮虫培养效果的影响[J].水产科学,2013,32(2):85-88.
[31] EKAU W,AUEL H,POERTNER H O,et al.Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic communities(zooplankton,macro-invertebrates and fish)[J].Biogeosciences,2010,7(5):1669-1699.
[32] ESPARCIA A,SERRA M,MIRACLE M R.Relationships between oxygen concentration and patterns of energy metabolism in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Comparative Biochemistry,1992,103(2):357-362.
[2] ZHANG M L,YU N,CHEN L Q,et al.Structure and seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities in three urban rivers in China[J].Aquatic Sciences,2012,74(1):113-120.
[3]吕永鹏,徐启新,杨凯,等.城市河流生态修复的环境价值及实现机制[J].水利学报,2010,41(3):278-285.
[4]倪晋仁,刘元元.论河流生态修复[J].水利学报,2006,37(9):1029-1037.
[5]楼雪聪.慈溪城河生态修复治理技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[6]胡长伟,孙占东,李建龙,等.凤眼莲在城市重污染河道修复中的应用[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(12):51-56.
[7]柴夏,刘从玉,谢超,等.生态系统修复与构建过程中的水生植物品种选择——以惠州西湖生态系统的修复与构建工程为例[J].污染防治技术,2008,21(2):18-20.
[8]李瑾.使用浮游动物和底栖动物指标对太湖敞水区进行生态系统健康评价初探[D].南京:南京大学,2002.
[9]刘沙沙,董家华,房巧丽,等.广州市南沙区水生生态环境现状的调查研究[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(3):39-42.
[10]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[11]王家楫.中国淡水轮虫志[M].北京:科学出版社,1961.
[12]蒋燮治,堵南山.中国动物志节肢动物门甲壳纲淡水枝角类[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[13]沈嘉瑞.中国动物志节肢动物门甲壳纲淡水桡足类[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[14]余德琴,郭匿春,汤祥明,等.无锡亲水河生态修复过程中浮游甲壳动物群落结构研究[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(1):70-77.
[15]胡笑妍,徐杭英,谢曙光,等.浦阳江流域浮游动物群落结构及其评价水质健康状况的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(5):549-554.
[16]王国祥,濮培民.若干人工调控措施对富营养化湖泊藻类种群的影响[J].环境科学,1999,20(2):71-74.
[17]吴建强,黄沈发,丁玲.水生植物水体修复机理及其影响因素[J].水资源保护,2007,23(4):18-22,36.
[18]乔磊,林秋奇,韩博平.珠海市调水水库水力滞留时间对轮虫群落结构的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(3):499-504.
[19]杨凤娟,杨扬,潘鸿,等.强化生态浮床原位修复技术对污染河流浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(4):498-504.
[20]何连帅,石磊,虞蔚岩,等.镇江滨江带湿地修复对浮游生物群落结构的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2011,33(11):1-5.
[21]刘一,禹娜,冯德祥,等.上海市中心城区河道浮游动物群落结构的周年变化[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(2):370-376.
[22] GOPHEN M.Food and feeding habits of Mesocyclops leuckarti(Claus)in Lake Kinneret(Israel)[J].Freshwater Biology,2010,7(6):513-518.
[23] SLDEˇCEK V.Rotifers as indicators of water quality[J].Hydrobiologia,1983,100(1):169-201.
[24]李芸,石彭灵,沈宏,等.梁塘河浮游动物的空间分布及其与环境因子的关系[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(10):1531-1537.
[25]黄尤优,曾燏,刘守江,等.大渡河老鹰岩河段的水生生物群落结构及水质评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):132-140.
[26]曾碧健,岳晓彩,黎祖福,等.生态浮床原位修复对海水养殖池塘浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(2):354-359.
[27] ARAUZO M,VALLADOLID M.Short-term harmful effects of unionised ammonia on natural populations of Moina micrura and Brachionus rubens in a deep waste treatment pond[J].Water Research,2003,37(11):2547-2554.
[28]陈磊,高东泉,舒凤月,等.南四湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].动物学杂志,2016,51(1):113-120.
[29]杨桂军,潘宏凯,刘正文,等.太湖不同富营养水平湖区轮虫季节变化的比较[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(6):652-657.
[30]徐海龙,马志华,郭立,等.光照、pH及盐度对褶皱臂尾轮虫培养效果的影响[J].水产科学,2013,32(2):85-88.
[31] EKAU W,AUEL H,POERTNER H O,et al.Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic communities(zooplankton,macro-invertebrates and fish)[J].Biogeosciences,2010,7(5):1669-1699.
[32] ESPARCIA A,SERRA M,MIRACLE M R.Relationships between oxygen concentration and patterns of energy metabolism in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Comparative Biochemistry,1992,103(2):357-362.