土壤改良剂对盐化草甸土物理性质及水稻产量的影响
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摘要
为解决盐化草甸土水稻种植产量低的问题,实现盐碱土可持续利用,本研究采用盆栽试验和大田对比法,通过测定土壤相关物理性状和水稻产量,以期明确土壤改良剂对盐化草甸土的改良效果。盆栽试验结果表明,与常规盆栽管理方式(T1)相比,施用改良剂处理(T2)可显著增加土壤的电导率,降低土壤的代换性钠含量和pH,提高土壤不同粒级水稳性团聚体的质量百分比、有机碳含量和水稻产量;大田对比试验结果表明,与仅灌水处理相比,4个试验地点施用改良剂处理可以显著增加水稻单位面积返青穴数、穗粒数和单位面积产量,增加幅度分别为83.7%～87.4%(P<0.01)、40.4%～98.3%(P<0.01)和293.0%～411.2%(P<0.01)。综上分析,施用土壤改良剂能够明显改善草甸盐土物理性状,提高水稻产量,增加种植户收益。
The effects of saline meadow soil modifier on soil physical properties and yield of rice were studied by both pot and field experiment. The results of pot test were compared, the irrigation improver treatment(T2) significantly increased the electrical conductivity of soil, reduced soil exchangeable sodium content, pH and soil moisture content than that of the pouring water treatment(T1). T2 also increased the mass percentage and organic carbon content of water stable aggregates of different grain size in soil. The field contrast test showed that the application of modifier in 4 test sites could significantly increase the green returning rate of rice, the number of grains per ear and yield per hectare, increases were 83.7%-87.4%(P<0.01), 40.4%-98.3%(P<0.01) and 293.0%-411.2%(P<0.01), respectively, compared with irrigation treatment.Based on the above analyses, the application of soil improver could improve the physical properties of saline meadow soil, increase the rice yield and thereby increase the income for growers.
The effects of saline meadow soil modifier on soil physical properties and yield of rice were studied by both pot and field experiment. The results of pot test were compared, the irrigation improver treatment(T2) significantly increased the electrical conductivity of soil, reduced soil exchangeable sodium content, pH and soil moisture content than that of the pouring water treatment(T1). T2 also increased the mass percentage and organic carbon content of water stable aggregates of different grain size in soil. The field contrast test showed that the application of modifier in 4 test sites could significantly increase the green returning rate of rice, the number of grains per ear and yield per hectare, increases were 83.7%-87.4%(P<0.01), 40.4%-98.3%(P<0.01) and 293.0%-411.2%(P<0.01), respectively, compared with irrigation treatment.Based on the above analyses, the application of soil improver could improve the physical properties of saline meadow soil, increase the rice yield and thereby increase the income for growers.
引文
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[18]双龙,妮萨娜,杜江,等.重铬酸钾氧化-外加热法测定化探土壤样品中有机碳含量.安徽化工,2016,42(4):110-112.
[19]程镜润,陈小华,刘振鸿,等.脱硫石膏改良滨海盐碱土的脱盐过程与效果实验研究.中国环境科学,2014,34(6):1505-1513.
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[21]王善仙,刘宛,李培军,等.盐碱土植物改良研究进展.中国农学通报,2011,27(24):1-7.
[22]刘彩霞,黄为一.耐盐碱细菌与有机物料对盐碱土团聚体形成的影响.土壤,2010,42(1):111-116.
[23]刘建霞,张晓丹,王润梅,等. 6-BA浸种对盐胁迫下绿豆萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响.作物杂志,2018(1):166-172.
[24]张玉凤,林海涛,王江涛,等.盐碱土壤调理剂对玉米生长及土壤的改良效果.中国土壤与肥料,2017(1):134-138.
[25]殷厚民,胡建,王青青,等.松嫩平原西部盐碱土旱作改良研究进展与展望.土壤通报,2017,48(1):236-242.
[2]张树文,杨久春,李颖,等. 1950s中期以来东北地区盐碱地时空变化及成因分析.自然资源学报,2010,25(3):435-442.
[3]Wang J H,Yang Z H,Hu M G,et al. Research of the comprehensive technologies on transformation and utilization of saline land in arid areas. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2001,9(1):64-66.
[4]刘艳,李波,孙文涛,等.生物有机肥对盐碱地春玉米生理特性及产量的影响.作物杂志,2017(2):98-103.
[5]王金满,杨培岭,张建国,等.脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤过程中的向日葵苗期盐响应研究.农业工程学报,2005,21(9):33-37.
[6]张梅,王宇,赵兰坡.苏打盐碱土种稻改良的水资源高效利用田间试验研究.灌溉排水学报,2014,33(1):132-134.
[7]Abou-Shady A. Reclaiming salt-affected soils using electro remediation technology:PCPSS evaluation. Electrochemical Acta,2016,190:511-520.
[8]刘宝东,王跃,梁绮兰.土壤改良剂对苏打盐碱土改良效果和对牧草发芽率的影响.东北林业大学学报,2006,34(3):52-53.
[9]龙明杰,曾繁森.高聚物土壤改良剂的研究进展.土壤通报,2000,31(5):199-202.
[10]王宇,韩兴,赵兰坡.硫酸铝对苏打盐碱土的改良作用研究.水土保持学报,2006,20(4):50-53.
[11]Lakhdar A,Hafsi C,Rabhi M. Application of municipal solid waste compost reduces the negative effects of saline water in Hordeum maritimum L.. Bioresour Technology,2008,99(15):7160-7167.
[12]Wallker D,Bernal P. The effects of olive mill waste compost and poultry on the availability and plant uptake of nutrients in a highly saline soil. Bioresurce Technology,2008,99(2):396-403.
[13]Cui S Y,Zhang J J,Sun M F,et al. Leaching effectiveness of desalinization by rainfall combined with wheat straw mulching on heavy saline soil. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2018,64(7):340-365.
[14]李杰,姬景红,李玉影,等.施用改良剂对大庆盐碱土的改良效果研究.中国土壤与肥料,2016(2):50-54.
[15]潘世驹.寒地水稻耐盐碱资源筛选及产量品质稳定性研究.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2016.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社,1981.
[17]王丽,李军,李娟,等.轮耕与施肥对渭北旱作玉米田土壤团聚体和有机碳含量的影响.应用生态学报,2014,25(3):759-768.
[18]双龙,妮萨娜,杜江,等.重铬酸钾氧化-外加热法测定化探土壤样品中有机碳含量.安徽化工,2016,42(4):110-112.
[19]程镜润,陈小华,刘振鸿,等.脱硫石膏改良滨海盐碱土的脱盐过程与效果实验研究.中国环境科学,2014,34(6):1505-1513.
[20]Rhoades J D,Loveday J. Salinity in irrigated agriculture. Agronomy,1990,30(1):1089-1142.
[21]王善仙,刘宛,李培军,等.盐碱土植物改良研究进展.中国农学通报,2011,27(24):1-7.
[22]刘彩霞,黄为一.耐盐碱细菌与有机物料对盐碱土团聚体形成的影响.土壤,2010,42(1):111-116.
[23]刘建霞,张晓丹,王润梅,等. 6-BA浸种对盐胁迫下绿豆萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响.作物杂志,2018(1):166-172.
[24]张玉凤,林海涛,王江涛,等.盐碱土壤调理剂对玉米生长及土壤的改良效果.中国土壤与肥料,2017(1):134-138.
[25]殷厚民,胡建,王青青,等.松嫩平原西部盐碱土旱作改良研究进展与展望.土壤通报,2017,48(1):236-242.