中国人造板行业的生命周期碳足迹和能源耗用评估
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摘要
降低温室气体排放是应对气候变化的重要措施,基于生命周期分析的碳足迹评估被广泛应用于量化产品的温室气体排放。在减排承诺背景下,林业部门在应对气候变化中具有重要贡献。中国作为世界最大的人造板生产和出口国,人造板行业的碳足迹和能源耗用问题,是评价林业产业环境影响的重要领域。本文依据ISO 14067标准,测度了中国胶合板、纤维板和刨花板行业"从摇篮到大门"系统界限的碳足迹,通过对比国内外人造板行业的能源耗用,评估了中国人造板行业的节能潜力,结合量化改进方案的减排效果,提出了人造板行业减排和市场结构改善的建议措施。研究发现:①中国现有人造板行业的碳足迹结构中,纤维板最大(708.74 kg CO_2e),胶合板最小(312.08 kg CO_2e),刨花板居中(410.79 kg CO_2e)。其中原材料获取对碳足迹贡献最大,化工材料如脲醛树脂胶的生产和使用是最主要的温室气体排放源;②对标国际标准和技术进步要求,中国人造板行业的能源耗用可减少13.27%～47.99%;③用木质燃料替代化石能源,对人造板行业的温室气体减排可实现11.53%～42.30%的提升空间。
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions(GHG) is an important measure to cope with climate change. Carbon footprint(CF) analysis is widely used to quantify greenhouse gas emissions of a product during its life cycle. Given that China has committed to decreasing its carbon dioxide(CO_2) emissions, the forestry sector has to make important contributions in this effort to mitigate climate change. China has become the largest wood-based panel producer and exporter worldwide. As the pillar of the forestry industry, evaluating carbon footprint and energy consumption of the wood-based panel industry is a vital part of environmental analysis of the forestry industry. Based on the ISO 14067 standard, this study quantified the carbon footprint of plywood, fiberboard and particleboard in China using a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment approach. This study also evaluated the energy-saving potential of the wood-based panel industry in China by comparing the energy consumption in China and internationally. Finally, combined with the quantitative reduction effect of the improvement scheme, suggestions for reducing emissions and optimizing the market structure of the wood-based panel industry were provided.The results of this study show that fiberboard manufacturing produced the largest contributions to the emissions of greenhouse gases(708.74 kg CO_2e), followed by particleboard(410.79 kg CO_2e)and plywood(312.08 kg CO_2e). During the life cycle, the raw material acquisition subsystem had the greatest impact on carbon footprint. The production and use of chemicals such as the ureaformaldehyde resin were the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The energy consumption of China's wood-based panel industry was higher than the requirements of international standards and could be reduced by 13.27% ～47.99%. China's wood-based panel industry could potentially contribute to climate change mitigation in the future. In particular, as a substitute for fossil energy,using wood fuels could reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 11.53%～42.30%.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions(GHG) is an important measure to cope with climate change. Carbon footprint(CF) analysis is widely used to quantify greenhouse gas emissions of a product during its life cycle. Given that China has committed to decreasing its carbon dioxide(CO_2) emissions, the forestry sector has to make important contributions in this effort to mitigate climate change. China has become the largest wood-based panel producer and exporter worldwide. As the pillar of the forestry industry, evaluating carbon footprint and energy consumption of the wood-based panel industry is a vital part of environmental analysis of the forestry industry. Based on the ISO 14067 standard, this study quantified the carbon footprint of plywood, fiberboard and particleboard in China using a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment approach. This study also evaluated the energy-saving potential of the wood-based panel industry in China by comparing the energy consumption in China and internationally. Finally, combined with the quantitative reduction effect of the improvement scheme, suggestions for reducing emissions and optimizing the market structure of the wood-based panel industry were provided.The results of this study show that fiberboard manufacturing produced the largest contributions to the emissions of greenhouse gases(708.74 kg CO_2e), followed by particleboard(410.79 kg CO_2e)and plywood(312.08 kg CO_2e). During the life cycle, the raw material acquisition subsystem had the greatest impact on carbon footprint. The production and use of chemicals such as the ureaformaldehyde resin were the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The energy consumption of China's wood-based panel industry was higher than the requirements of international standards and could be reduced by 13.27% ～47.99%. China's wood-based panel industry could potentially contribute to climate change mitigation in the future. In particular, as a substitute for fossil energy,using wood fuels could reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 11.53%～42.30%.
引文
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