福建省典型海洋灾害时空分布特性研究
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摘要
福建省是受海洋灾害影响较重的省份,风暴潮、海浪及赤潮等灾害频发,针对单一灾种特定灾害动力过程的研究较多,但针对各主要灾种灾损特性的研究尚不够全面和深入。在对国内外研究成果进行归纳和总结的基础上,整合了《中国海洋灾害公报》、《福建省海洋灾害公报》、《中国渔业统计年鉴》等相关资料,对近6年福建省3种典型海洋灾害分别进行了深入分析,明确了福建省海洋灾害时空分布特性。结果表明:造成福建省海洋灾害直接经济损失的主要是风暴潮灾害,占全部损失的84%,赤潮灾害次之;人员死亡(失踪)完全由海浪灾害造成。风暴潮损失年际变化幅度较大,8、9月损失占全年76.4%,福建沿海南北部地区受灾较严重,中部地区受灾较轻;海浪灾害人员死亡(失踪)出现2个高峰期,分别是冷暖交替的1-3月份及9-10月份,损失共占到84.6%,空间分布上与风暴潮有相似性;受气象条件影响,4-6月为赤潮灾害频发期,发生起数占总数的95.9%。分析结果为沿海各区市组织防灾减灾提供了科学依据。
Fujian province is heavily affected by marine disasters,with frequent occurrences of storm surges,waves and red tides.There are many researches on the dynamic process of single and specific disasters,but the research on characteristics of each major disaster is not comprehensive enough.On the basis of summarizing the results from the research both at home and abroad,the authors integrated relevant materials such as " Bulletin of Marine Disasters in China", " Bulletin of Marine Disasters in Fujian Province" and " China Fishery Statistical Yearbook".Three typical marine disasters in Fujian Province in recent 6 years were analyzed in detail,and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of marine disasters were clarified.The results show that the direct economic losses were produced mainly by storm storms,accounting for 84% of the total losses,and red tide was the second disaster loss maker.The losses of human life in the past 6 years were caused by surfs.Interannual variability was great for storm tide disaster,and the losses in August and September accounted for 76.4% of a year.The north and south areas along Fujian coast were affected more seriously,whereas the central region suffered less.There were two peak periods,January-October and September-October,for human life losses from surf disasters,accounted for 84.6% of the total losses.The spatial distribution was similar to that of storm surge.Affected by meteorological conditions,the red tide disaster is frequency from April to June,and the occurrences accounted for 95.9% of the total.The results provide a reliable reference for disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal cities.
Fujian province is heavily affected by marine disasters,with frequent occurrences of storm surges,waves and red tides.There are many researches on the dynamic process of single and specific disasters,but the research on characteristics of each major disaster is not comprehensive enough.On the basis of summarizing the results from the research both at home and abroad,the authors integrated relevant materials such as " Bulletin of Marine Disasters in China", " Bulletin of Marine Disasters in Fujian Province" and " China Fishery Statistical Yearbook".Three typical marine disasters in Fujian Province in recent 6 years were analyzed in detail,and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of marine disasters were clarified.The results show that the direct economic losses were produced mainly by storm storms,accounting for 84% of the total losses,and red tide was the second disaster loss maker.The losses of human life in the past 6 years were caused by surfs.Interannual variability was great for storm tide disaster,and the losses in August and September accounted for 76.4% of a year.The north and south areas along Fujian coast were affected more seriously,whereas the central region suffered less.There were two peak periods,January-October and September-October,for human life losses from surf disasters,accounted for 84.6% of the total losses.The spatial distribution was similar to that of storm surge.Affected by meteorological conditions,the red tide disaster is frequency from April to June,and the occurrences accounted for 95.9% of the total.The results provide a reliable reference for disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal cities.
引文
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[31]张传松,王江涛,等.2005年春夏季东海赤潮过程中营养盐作用初探[J].北京:海洋学报,2008,30(2):153-159.
[32]陈月红,石晓勇,等.闽浙近岸海域赤潮暴发前后海水营养盐特征分析[J].天津:海洋通报,2015,34(5):568-576.
[2]袁方超,张文舟,等.福建近海海平面变化研究[J].厦门:应用海洋学学报,2016,35(1):20-32.
[3]张文舟,胡建宇,等.福建沿海风暴潮特征的分析[J].天津:海洋通报,2004,23(3):12-19.
[4]许金电,郭小钢,黄奖.2006年夏季福建近海台风风暴潮特征分析[J].厦门:台湾海峡,2011,30(4):473-482.
[5]董剑希,李涛,等.福建省风暴潮时空分布特征分析[J].天津:海洋通报,2016,35(3):331-339.
[6]王庆业.宁德沿海风暴潮特征及数值模拟研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[7]魏应植,吴陈锋,等.福建台风灾害特征及其防御对策研究[J].北京:海洋科学,2006,30(10):7-14.
[8]夏丽花,陈德花,等.台风“圣帕”登陆福建前后的风暴潮特征分析[J].天津:海洋通报,2009,28(3):10-15.
[9]ZHENG J,MASE H,DEMIRBILEK Z,et al.Implementation and evaluation of alternative wave breaking formulas in a coastal spectral wave model[J].England:Ocean Eng.,2008,35:1090-1101.
[10]Aifeng Tao,Jin Yan,Ye Pei,et al.Swells of the East China Sea[J].Shandong:Journal of Ocean University of China,2017,16(4):674-682.
[11]ZHANG Y,KENNEDY A B,PANDA N,et al.Boussinesq-Green-Naghdi Rotational Water Wave Theory[J].Netherlands:Coastal Engineering,2013,73:13-27.
[12]任在常.2016年初强寒潮对台湾海峡及其邻近海域影响分析[J].北京:海洋预报,2016,33(5):78-88.
[13]刘金芳,刘忠,等.台湾海峡水文要素特征分析[J].北京:海洋预报,2002,19(3):22-32.
[14]黄毅坚,杜琦,等.近年福建沿海的赤潮灾害[J].哈尔滨:自然灾害学报,1993,2(1):44-47.
[15]杜琦,张友权,等.近年福建海域赤潮的特点及防治对策[J].厦门:福建水产,2002,(4):32-37.
[16]李雪丁.福建沿海近10a赤潮基本特征分析[J].北京:环境科学,2012,33(7):2210-2216.
[17]曾银东,陈剑桥,等.近十年厦门湾赤潮发生与热带气旋的关系研究[J].北京:海洋预报,2011,28(4):23-29.
[18]许春晓.福建沿海地区主要海洋灾害类型及其防灾建议[N].厦门:福建水产,2009,9(26):3.
[19]赵领娣,王昊运,等.中国沿海省市风暴潮经济损失风险区划研究[J].大连:海洋环境科学,2011,30(2):275-278.
[20]夏丽花,邬惠明,等.热带气旋影响福建沿海风暴潮特征分析[J].广州:热带海洋学报,2014,33(3):40-45.
[21]徐洋.台湾海峡台风风暴潮数值分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[22]蒋荣复,林永强,等.福建沿海台风与地形关系的初步分析[C]//第28届中国气象学会年会─S12热带气旋.厦门:中国气象学会,2011.
[23]吴承强.福建近岸海域海底地貌研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
[24]彭冀,陶爱峰,等.近十年中国海浪灾害特性分析[C]//第十六届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会论文集.南京:南京水利科学研究院,2013:805-808.
[25]许富祥.台湾海峡及其邻近海域灾害性海浪的时空分布[J].杭州:东海海洋,1998,16(3):14-17.
[26]栾曙光,刘永孝,等.闽中近岸西北行路径台风浪波向特征[J].北京:海洋预报,2012,29(5):65-72.
[27]林曲凤,梁玉海,等.“11.24”寒潮大风成因分析[J].济南:山东气象,2000,20(3):29-31.
[28]袁凯瑞.台湾海峡台风浪及寒潮浪的数值模拟和数值实验[D].厦门:厦门大学,2013.
[29]史培军.五论灾害系统研究的理论与实践[J].哈尔滨:自然灾害学报,2009,18(5):1-9.
[30]张春桂,任汉龙,等.福建近海赤潮发生与气象条件关系研究[C]//第26届中国气象学会年会农业气象防灾减灾与粮食安全分会场论文集.杭州:中国气象学会,2009:75-81.
[31]张传松,王江涛,等.2005年春夏季东海赤潮过程中营养盐作用初探[J].北京:海洋学报,2008,30(2):153-159.
[32]陈月红,石晓勇,等.闽浙近岸海域赤潮暴发前后海水营养盐特征分析[J].天津:海洋通报,2015,34(5):568-576.