《林海雪原》英译中“中国英语”的可行性和必要性
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摘要
带有中国文化标识的中国英语,对英汉语言实践、翻译实践以及中西文化交流具有重要意义。作为国家制度化译者的沙博理,其译作中出现了大量的中国英语。了解译者运用这种特殊英语表达的原因、目的及意义,可以让我们以辩证的眼光看待翻译、以发展的眼光看待语言、以自信的心态看待民族文化,并进一步引发我们对汉语经典翻译实践的新思考。
China English, with Chinese cultural identity, has great significance for Sino-English language practice, translation practice and cultural exchanges between China and the west. As a nationally institutionalized translator, Shapiro created a lot of China English in his translation. The study of the production, characteristics and significance of his China English can help us see translation dialectically, approach language developmentally and embrace Chinese culture confidently.It may also inspire new thoughts on the translating practice of Chinese classics.
China English, with Chinese cultural identity, has great significance for Sino-English language practice, translation practice and cultural exchanges between China and the west. As a nationally institutionalized translator, Shapiro created a lot of China English in his translation. The study of the production, characteristics and significance of his China English can help us see translation dialectically, approach language developmentally and embrace Chinese culture confidently.It may also inspire new thoughts on the translating practice of Chinese classics.
引文
冯智强、李涛,2016,中国故事对外译介的“中国味道”--林语堂小说三部曲中的中国英语之多维解读[J],《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》,29(6):116-123。[Feng,Zhiqiang&Li Tao.2016.The Chinese flavor of Chinese story translation:Amultidimensional interpretation of the Chinese English in Lin Yutang’s novelistic trilogy[J].Journal of Hainan Normal University,29(6):116-123.]
冯智强、吕松博,2015,中国文化的“中国表达”--《中国英语:特征与意义》评介[J],《双语教育研究》,2(4):68-74。[Feng,Zhiqiang&LüSongbo.2015.Chinese expression of Chinese culture-comment on“Chinese English:Characteristics and significance”[J].Bilingual Education Study,2(4):68-74.]
葛传槼,1980,漫谈由汉译英问题[J],《翻译通讯》,(2):1-8。[Ge,Chuangui.1980.On the translation of Chinese into English[J].Translation Communication,(2):1-8.]
金惠康,2002,汉英跨文化交际翻译中的CHINA ENGLISH[J],《广东职业技术师范学院学报》,(2):72-78。[Jin,Huikang.2002.CHINA ENGLISH in Chinese and English intercultural communication and translation[J].Journal of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University,(2):72-78.]
连淑能,1993,《英汉对比研究》[M],北京:高等教育出版社。[Lian,Shuneng.1993.Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.]
潘文国,1997,《汉英语对比纲要》[M],北京:北京语言大学出版社。[Pan,Wenguo.1997.An Outline of Chinese-English Contrastive Study[M].Beijing:Beijing Language and Culture University Press.]
曲波,2012,《林海雪原》[M],北京:人民文学出版社。[Chu,Po.2012.Linhaixueyuan[M].Beijing:People’s Literature Press.]
任东升,2015a,从国家翻译实践视角看沙博理翻译研究的价值[J],《上海翻译》,(4):25-28。[Ren,Dongsheng.2015a.The Significance of the researches on Sidney Shapiro’s translations:Aperspective of national translation program[J].Shanghai Translation,(4):25-28.]
任东升,2015b,翻译制度化和制度化翻译[J],《中国翻译》,(1):18-23。[Ren,Dongsheng.2015b.Institutionalization of translation and institutionalized translation[J].Chinese Translator’s Journal,(1):18-23.]
任东升、马婷,2014,汉语经典翻译“中国英语”的文化主体地位[J],《当代外语研究》,(2):40-44。[Ren,Dongsheng&Ma Ting.2014.The cultural status of Chinese classical translation“China English”[J].Contemporary Foreign Language Research,(2):40-44.]
任东升、张静,2011,沙博理:中国当代翻译史上一位特殊翻译家[J],《东方翻译》,(4):44-52。[Ren,Dongsheng&Zhang Jing.2011.Shapiro:A special translator in the history of contemporary translation in China[J].Eastern Translation,(4):44-52.]
张晓,2016,沙博理与《水浒传》[J],《国际人才交流》,(7):12-15。[Zhang,Xiao.2016.Shapiro and Shuihuzhuan[J].International Talent,(7):12-15.]
Chu Po.1978.Tracks in the Snowy Forest[M].(trans.)S.Shapiro.Peking:Foreign Language Press.
Nida,E.A.1964.Toward a Science of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
(1)任东升(2014)在《汉语经典翻译“中国英语”的文化主体地位》中提到中国英语的五个特征:1.源自中国经典英译传统且译本体现中国文化主体地位的翻译习惯;2.在词汇上频现负载中国文化特色的非英语的“替换词”;3.在基本遵循标准英语语法的前提下,在句式上趋于意合,流水句直译痕迹明显;4.在语篇上体现典型的中式思维衔接手段和呼应方式,而不完全合乎英语的语篇模式;5.符合汉语习惯的生硬语言表达而不完全符合英语语法,但不影响英语国家读者理解。
(2)任东升(2015b)在《翻译制度化与制度化翻译》一文中提出制度化翻译(institutionalized translation)概念,并指出“译者身份呈现‘制度化’特征”,而“《中国文学》的重要译者沙博理就是翻译制度化产出的制度化译者,其译者身份呈现出典型的‘制度化’特点”。
冯智强、吕松博,2015,中国文化的“中国表达”--《中国英语:特征与意义》评介[J],《双语教育研究》,2(4):68-74。[Feng,Zhiqiang&LüSongbo.2015.Chinese expression of Chinese culture-comment on“Chinese English:Characteristics and significance”[J].Bilingual Education Study,2(4):68-74.]
葛传槼,1980,漫谈由汉译英问题[J],《翻译通讯》,(2):1-8。[Ge,Chuangui.1980.On the translation of Chinese into English[J].Translation Communication,(2):1-8.]
金惠康,2002,汉英跨文化交际翻译中的CHINA ENGLISH[J],《广东职业技术师范学院学报》,(2):72-78。[Jin,Huikang.2002.CHINA ENGLISH in Chinese and English intercultural communication and translation[J].Journal of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University,(2):72-78.]
连淑能,1993,《英汉对比研究》[M],北京:高等教育出版社。[Lian,Shuneng.1993.Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.]
潘文国,1997,《汉英语对比纲要》[M],北京:北京语言大学出版社。[Pan,Wenguo.1997.An Outline of Chinese-English Contrastive Study[M].Beijing:Beijing Language and Culture University Press.]
曲波,2012,《林海雪原》[M],北京:人民文学出版社。[Chu,Po.2012.Linhaixueyuan[M].Beijing:People’s Literature Press.]
任东升,2015a,从国家翻译实践视角看沙博理翻译研究的价值[J],《上海翻译》,(4):25-28。[Ren,Dongsheng.2015a.The Significance of the researches on Sidney Shapiro’s translations:Aperspective of national translation program[J].Shanghai Translation,(4):25-28.]
任东升,2015b,翻译制度化和制度化翻译[J],《中国翻译》,(1):18-23。[Ren,Dongsheng.2015b.Institutionalization of translation and institutionalized translation[J].Chinese Translator’s Journal,(1):18-23.]
任东升、马婷,2014,汉语经典翻译“中国英语”的文化主体地位[J],《当代外语研究》,(2):40-44。[Ren,Dongsheng&Ma Ting.2014.The cultural status of Chinese classical translation“China English”[J].Contemporary Foreign Language Research,(2):40-44.]
任东升、张静,2011,沙博理:中国当代翻译史上一位特殊翻译家[J],《东方翻译》,(4):44-52。[Ren,Dongsheng&Zhang Jing.2011.Shapiro:A special translator in the history of contemporary translation in China[J].Eastern Translation,(4):44-52.]
张晓,2016,沙博理与《水浒传》[J],《国际人才交流》,(7):12-15。[Zhang,Xiao.2016.Shapiro and Shuihuzhuan[J].International Talent,(7):12-15.]
Chu Po.1978.Tracks in the Snowy Forest[M].(trans.)S.Shapiro.Peking:Foreign Language Press.
Nida,E.A.1964.Toward a Science of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
(1)任东升(2014)在《汉语经典翻译“中国英语”的文化主体地位》中提到中国英语的五个特征:1.源自中国经典英译传统且译本体现中国文化主体地位的翻译习惯;2.在词汇上频现负载中国文化特色的非英语的“替换词”;3.在基本遵循标准英语语法的前提下,在句式上趋于意合,流水句直译痕迹明显;4.在语篇上体现典型的中式思维衔接手段和呼应方式,而不完全合乎英语的语篇模式;5.符合汉语习惯的生硬语言表达而不完全符合英语语法,但不影响英语国家读者理解。
(2)任东升(2015b)在《翻译制度化与制度化翻译》一文中提出制度化翻译(institutionalized translation)概念,并指出“译者身份呈现‘制度化’特征”,而“《中国文学》的重要译者沙博理就是翻译制度化产出的制度化译者,其译者身份呈现出典型的‘制度化’特点”。