右美托咪啶与舒泰对圈养虎麻醉效果的观察
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摘要
为了评估右美托咪啶与舒泰(替来他明和唑拉西泮合剂)对虎的麻醉效果,17只虎(4只孟加拉虎、4只华南虎和9只东北虎)按0.025~0.038 ml/kg的剂量肌肉注射进行麻醉,最终以阿替美唑进行苏醒,分别对诱导、麻醉及苏醒效果进行观察和评分。右美托咪啶和舒泰联合用药对虎的诱导期为(12.24±4.56)min,侧卧姿势进入麻醉期,平均诱导效果判定为1(极好),麻醉期间体温为(39.4±0.95)℃,较正常体温高;呼吸频率为(7.50±2.56)次/min,下降极显著,血氧饱和度为(87.32±8.43)%,与麻醉前相差不大。平均麻醉效果判定为4~5(中度麻醉至外科麻醉水平),静脉注射颉颃药阿替美唑后,苏醒时间(8.31±3.87)min,平均麻醉效果为2~3(一般,好),苏醒过程中所有虎出现较明显的共济失调或不协调的现象,苏醒后6 d内未见神经症状及其他副作用。右美托咪啶与舒泰联合用药对健康的虎是一种有效的麻醉药物,但苏醒过程中可能出现共济失调现象。
Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of anesthesia induced by a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam and dexmedetomidine in tiger(Panthera tigris).Seventeen captive tigers(4Bengal tigers.4 South China tigers.and 9 Amur tigers) were anaesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam and dexmedetomidine(TZD) administered intramuscularly at a dose of 0.025-0.038 ml/kg.At the end of the procedure anesthesia was partially reversed with atipamezole.The effects of inducement,anesthesia and recovery were observed and scored.Induction time was 12.24 ±4.56 min with lateral decubitus position,the median induction score was 1(excellent),during anesthesia the rectal temperature was 39.4 ±0.95℃,which was higher than normal body temperature.Respiration rate was 7.50 ±2.56 times/min,significantly lower than normal.The degree of blood oxygen saturation was(87.32 ±8.43)%,near normal.The median anesthesia score was 4-5(moderate level of anesthesia to surgical operation level)at all study times,after atipamezole administration.Recovery time was 8.31 ±3.87 min and the median recovery score was 2-3(fair to good).All tigers experienced detectable ataxia and incoordination during recovery,and no neurologic or other adverse reactions were apparent within 6 days after recovery.The combination of tiletamine-zolazepam with dexmedetomidine proved to be effective in anaesthetizing captive healthy tigers but it can cause ataxia during recovery.
Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of anesthesia induced by a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam and dexmedetomidine in tiger(Panthera tigris).Seventeen captive tigers(4Bengal tigers.4 South China tigers.and 9 Amur tigers) were anaesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam and dexmedetomidine(TZD) administered intramuscularly at a dose of 0.025-0.038 ml/kg.At the end of the procedure anesthesia was partially reversed with atipamezole.The effects of inducement,anesthesia and recovery were observed and scored.Induction time was 12.24 ±4.56 min with lateral decubitus position,the median induction score was 1(excellent),during anesthesia the rectal temperature was 39.4 ±0.95℃,which was higher than normal body temperature.Respiration rate was 7.50 ±2.56 times/min,significantly lower than normal.The degree of blood oxygen saturation was(87.32 ±8.43)%,near normal.The median anesthesia score was 4-5(moderate level of anesthesia to surgical operation level)at all study times,after atipamezole administration.Recovery time was 8.31 ±3.87 min and the median recovery score was 2-3(fair to good).All tigers experienced detectable ataxia and incoordination during recovery,and no neurologic or other adverse reactions were apparent within 6 days after recovery.The combination of tiletamine-zolazepam with dexmedetomidine proved to be effective in anaesthetizing captive healthy tigers but it can cause ataxia during recovery.
引文
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[2]吕欣,潘庆山,汤小朋.舒泰对犬心血管系统呼吸系统和体温的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2006,42(8):45-47.
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[10]fowler M E,Miller R E.Zoo and wild animal medicine[M].5th ed.W.B.:Sanders,2003:491-500.
[11]Jacquier M,Aarhaug P,Arnemo J M,et al.Reversible immobilization of free-ranging African lions(Panthera Leo)with medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam and atipamezole[J].Journal of Wildlife Diseases,2006,42(2):432-436.
[12]Lafortune M,Gunkel C,Valverde A,et al.Reversible anesthetic combination using medetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam(MBMZ)in cheetahs(Acirwnyx jubatus)[C]//Joint Conference-American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.AAWV&AZA/NAG,2005:270-276.
[13]Smith J L D,Sunquist M E,Tamang K M,et al.A technique for capturing and immobilizing tigers[J].Journal of Wildlife Management,1983,47(2):255-259.
[14]Kreeger T J,Armstrong D L.Tigers and Telazol~:the unintended evolution of caution to contradiction[J].Journal of Wildlife Management,2010,74(6):1183-1185.
[15]Laricchiuta P,De Monte V,Campolo M.Evaluation of a butorphanol,detomidine,and midazolam combination for immobilization of captive Nile lechwe antelopes(Kobus magaceros)[J].Journal of Wildlife Diseases,2012,48(3):739-746.
[16]Burton S A,Lemke K A,Ilhe S L,et al.Effects of medetomidine on serum insulin and plasma glucose concentrations in clinically normal dogs[J].American Journal of Veterinary Research,1997,58(12):1440-1442.
[2]吕欣,潘庆山,汤小朋.舒泰对犬心血管系统呼吸系统和体温的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2006,42(8):45-47.
[3]张海泉,刘斌.右美托咪啶——兽医镇静剂中的新秀[J].中国兽医杂志,2010,46(8):77-79.
[4]袁占奎,徐晓林,张婷婷,等.右美托咪啶作为麻醉前用药对犬的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2010,46(10):63-65.
[5]梁秀婷,郑欣绫,杨蕾,等.右美托咪啶与舒泰复合用药对犬生理指标的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2011,47(12):76-79.
[6]Nishimura R,Kim H,Matsunaga S,et al.Antagonism of medetomidine sedation by atipamezole in pigs[J].Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,1992,54(6):1237-1240.
[7]West G,Heard D,Caulkett N.Zoo animal and wildlife immobilization and anesthesia[M].2~(nt)ed.Iowa,USA:John Wiley&Sons,Inc,2014.
[8]Belsare A V,Athreya V R.Use of xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride for immobilization of wild leopards(Panthera pardus fusca)in emergency situations[J].Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine,2010,41(2):331-333.
[9]Miller M,Weber M,Neiffer D,et al.Anesthetic induction of captive tigers(Panthera tigris)using a medetomidine-ketamine combination[J].Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine,2003,34(3):307-308.
[10]fowler M E,Miller R E.Zoo and wild animal medicine[M].5th ed.W.B.:Sanders,2003:491-500.
[11]Jacquier M,Aarhaug P,Arnemo J M,et al.Reversible immobilization of free-ranging African lions(Panthera Leo)with medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam and atipamezole[J].Journal of Wildlife Diseases,2006,42(2):432-436.
[12]Lafortune M,Gunkel C,Valverde A,et al.Reversible anesthetic combination using medetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam(MBMZ)in cheetahs(Acirwnyx jubatus)[C]//Joint Conference-American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.AAWV&AZA/NAG,2005:270-276.
[13]Smith J L D,Sunquist M E,Tamang K M,et al.A technique for capturing and immobilizing tigers[J].Journal of Wildlife Management,1983,47(2):255-259.
[14]Kreeger T J,Armstrong D L.Tigers and Telazol~:the unintended evolution of caution to contradiction[J].Journal of Wildlife Management,2010,74(6):1183-1185.
[15]Laricchiuta P,De Monte V,Campolo M.Evaluation of a butorphanol,detomidine,and midazolam combination for immobilization of captive Nile lechwe antelopes(Kobus magaceros)[J].Journal of Wildlife Diseases,2012,48(3):739-746.
[16]Burton S A,Lemke K A,Ilhe S L,et al.Effects of medetomidine on serum insulin and plasma glucose concentrations in clinically normal dogs[J].American Journal of Veterinary Research,1997,58(12):1440-1442.