基于暂态高频能量的多端直流系统故障检测方法
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摘要
直流线路故障的快速隔离是电压源换流器型多端直流输电系统面临的一个重大挑战。首先提出了一种适用于电压源换流器型多端直流系统故障暂态电流计算的高频等效模型,以简化故障分析。分析表明,在故障初始瞬间,故障线路电流的高频成分远小于健全线路电流的高频成分。提出了一种利用单端暂态高频电流的故障检测方法,该方法对采样频率要求较低,具有良好的耐过渡电阻能力。数值暂态仿真验证了高频等效模型和保护方法的有效性。
Isolation of the fault DC lines during initial short period after fault is a major challenge in the multi-terminal DC(MTDC)system based on voltage source converter(VSC).A high-frequency equivalent model of VSC based MTDC system is firstly proposed for the fault current calculation. Based on the DC fault analysis, it is validated that high-frequency fault current components flow in the fault line and then dramatically decay in the healthy line.Accordingly, a novel DC fault detection method for VSC based MTDC system is proposed. In the proposed approach, the primary detection utilizes the transient high-frequency energy of line current and the fault line can be identified quickly without communication. Numerous simulation studies carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC have demonstrated that the proposed high-frequency equivalent model can be utilized for DC fault analysis of VSC based MTDC system and the proposed protection scheme is effective in different fault locations and high fault resistances.
Isolation of the fault DC lines during initial short period after fault is a major challenge in the multi-terminal DC(MTDC)system based on voltage source converter(VSC).A high-frequency equivalent model of VSC based MTDC system is firstly proposed for the fault current calculation. Based on the DC fault analysis, it is validated that high-frequency fault current components flow in the fault line and then dramatically decay in the healthy line.Accordingly, a novel DC fault detection method for VSC based MTDC system is proposed. In the proposed approach, the primary detection utilizes the transient high-frequency energy of line current and the fault line can be identified quickly without communication. Numerous simulation studies carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC have demonstrated that the proposed high-frequency equivalent model can be utilized for DC fault analysis of VSC based MTDC system and the proposed protection scheme is effective in different fault locations and high fault resistances.
引文
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[8]徐岩,刘婧妍,付媛,等.基于故障模型的环状直流系统暂态量计算方法[J].电测与仪表,2018, 13(55):1-6.XU Yan, LIU Jingyan, FU Yuan, et al. Calculation method of fault transient quantity of ring DC system based on fault method[J]. Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2018, 13(55):1-6.
[9] LI C, GOLE A M, ZHAO C. A fast DC fault detection method using DC reactor voltages in HVDC grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2018, 33(5):2254-2264.
[10]宋国兵,王晨清,唐吉斯,等.适用于风电接入系统的时域模型识别纵联保护新原理[J].电网技术,2016, 40(11):3580-3585.SONG Guobing, WANG Chenqing, TANG Jisi, et al.Novel pilot protection based on time-domain model identification for wind power integration[J]. Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3580-3585.
[11]蔡新雷,宋国兵,高淑萍,等.VSC-HVDC直流电缆线路电流突变量极性纵联保护适用性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(5):10-16.CAI Xinlei, SONG Guobing, GAO Shuping, et al.Applicability of polarity longitudinal protection for current mutation in VSC-HVDC DC cable lines[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2013,41(5):10-16.
[12]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.基于特定频率电流波形特征的高压直流线路故障判别方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(1):20-31.LIU Jian, TAI Nengling, FAN Chunju, et al. A fault identification method for HVDC transmission lines basedon waveform characteristic of specific frequency current[J].Transactions of China Electro Technical Society, 2017, 32(1):20-31.
[13]戴志辉,严思齐,张程,等.基于电流特征量相关系数的UHVDC线路纵联保护新原理[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(22):31-38.DAI Zhihui, YAN Siqi, ZHANG Cheng, et al. A new pilot protection for UHVDC lines based on correlation coefficient of designed current variables[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2018,46(22):31-38.
[14]汤兰西,董新洲,施慎行,等.柔性直流电网线路超高速行波保护原理与实现[J].电网技术,2018, 42(10):3176-3186.TANG Lanxi, DONG Xinzhou, SHI Shenxing, et al.Principle and implementation of ultra-high-speed travelling wave based protection for transmission line of flexible HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology, 2018,42(10):20-31.
[15]邓丰,李欣然,曾祥君,等.基于波形唯一和时-频特征匹配的单端行波保护和故障定位方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(5):1475-1487.DENG Feng, LI Xinran, ZENG Xiangjun, et al.Research on single-end traveling wave based protection and fault location method based on waveform uniqueness and feature matching in the time and frequency domain[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018, 38(5):1475-1487.
[2]张浩,王先为,马焕,等.基于MMC的直流电网短路电流分析及保护策略[J].智慧电力,2019,47(2):93-100.ZHANG Hao, WANG Xianwei, MA Huan, et al. Short circuit current analysis in DC grid and its protection strategy based on modular multilevel converter[J]. Smart Power, 2019,47(2):93-100.
[3]王先为,张军,杨美娟,等.混合多端直流输电系统柔直换流阀电气应力抑制策略研究[J].智慧电力,2018,46(8):32-38.WANG Xianwei, ZHANG Jun, YANG Meijuan, et al.Control strategy of suppressing sub-module hybrid MMC valve electrical stress on multi-terminal hybrid-HVDC system[J].Smart Power, 2018,46(8):32-38.
[4]宋国兵,陶然,李斌,等.含大规模电力电子装备的电力系统故障分析与保护综述[J].电力系统自动化,2017, 41(12):2-12.SONG Guobing, TAO Ran, LI Bin, et al. Survey of fault analysis and protection for power system with large scale power electronic equipments[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(12):2-12.
[5] HAN P, WANG S. Parameter coordination of modular multilevel converter for robust design during DC pole to pole fault[C].Shanghai:China International Conference on Electricity Distribution, 2012, 1-5.
[6]李斌,何佳伟,冯亚东,等.多端柔性直流电网保护关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):2-12.LI Bin, HE Jiawei, FENG Yadong, et al. Key technique for protection of multi-terminal flexible DC grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(21):2-12.
[7]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.多端VSC-HVDC直流线路故障限流及限流特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016, 36(19):5122-5133.LIU Jian, TAI Nengling, FAN Chunju, et al. Fault current limitation and analysis of current limitingcharacteristic for multi-terminal VSC-HVDC DC lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(19):5122-5133.
[8]徐岩,刘婧妍,付媛,等.基于故障模型的环状直流系统暂态量计算方法[J].电测与仪表,2018, 13(55):1-6.XU Yan, LIU Jingyan, FU Yuan, et al. Calculation method of fault transient quantity of ring DC system based on fault method[J]. Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2018, 13(55):1-6.
[9] LI C, GOLE A M, ZHAO C. A fast DC fault detection method using DC reactor voltages in HVDC grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2018, 33(5):2254-2264.
[10]宋国兵,王晨清,唐吉斯,等.适用于风电接入系统的时域模型识别纵联保护新原理[J].电网技术,2016, 40(11):3580-3585.SONG Guobing, WANG Chenqing, TANG Jisi, et al.Novel pilot protection based on time-domain model identification for wind power integration[J]. Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3580-3585.
[11]蔡新雷,宋国兵,高淑萍,等.VSC-HVDC直流电缆线路电流突变量极性纵联保护适用性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(5):10-16.CAI Xinlei, SONG Guobing, GAO Shuping, et al.Applicability of polarity longitudinal protection for current mutation in VSC-HVDC DC cable lines[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2013,41(5):10-16.
[12]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.基于特定频率电流波形特征的高压直流线路故障判别方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(1):20-31.LIU Jian, TAI Nengling, FAN Chunju, et al. A fault identification method for HVDC transmission lines basedon waveform characteristic of specific frequency current[J].Transactions of China Electro Technical Society, 2017, 32(1):20-31.
[13]戴志辉,严思齐,张程,等.基于电流特征量相关系数的UHVDC线路纵联保护新原理[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(22):31-38.DAI Zhihui, YAN Siqi, ZHANG Cheng, et al. A new pilot protection for UHVDC lines based on correlation coefficient of designed current variables[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2018,46(22):31-38.
[14]汤兰西,董新洲,施慎行,等.柔性直流电网线路超高速行波保护原理与实现[J].电网技术,2018, 42(10):3176-3186.TANG Lanxi, DONG Xinzhou, SHI Shenxing, et al.Principle and implementation of ultra-high-speed travelling wave based protection for transmission line of flexible HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology, 2018,42(10):20-31.
[15]邓丰,李欣然,曾祥君,等.基于波形唯一和时-频特征匹配的单端行波保护和故障定位方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(5):1475-1487.DENG Feng, LI Xinran, ZENG Xiangjun, et al.Research on single-end traveling wave based protection and fault location method based on waveform uniqueness and feature matching in the time and frequency domain[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018, 38(5):1475-1487.