上海市农民工市民化成本测算与分析——基于上海2220份问卷的实证分析
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摘要
农民工是城市建设的中坚力量,却因城乡二元制度成为城镇化进程中弱势群体,农民工市民化是推动城镇化进程关键问题之一。利用2016年国家统计局上海调查总队2 220份问卷调查数据,测算上海市农民工市民化成本。结果表明,上海市农民工市民化公共成本呈逐年增加趋势,其中养老保险、教育和城市管理成本是市民化公共成本主要组成部分,公共成本增加造成公共财政压力。提出建立健全农民工子女义务教育经费保障机制、农民工有序纳入社会保障体系等对策建议,以期合理有序推进农民工市民化。
Migrant workers were the backbone of the urban construction, but they were vulnerable groups in the urbanization process because of the backward urban-rural dual system. Solving the problem of urbanization of migrant workers was one of the key issues in promoting urbanization. The public cost was calculated, based on a survey data of 2 220 migrant workers in Shanghai City by National Bureau of Statistics in 2016. The results showed that: the public cost of urbanization of migrant workers in Shanghai City was increasing these years, among which the endowment insurance cost, education cost and urban management cost were the main components. However, the increasing public costs were bound to put a great pressure on public finance. Therefore, to promote the urbanization of migrant workers in a reasonable and orderly way, it was necessary for the government to establish and improve the guarantee mechanism for compulsory education for children, to integrate migrant workers into the social security system in an orderly manner and to actively guide the return of migrant workers.
Migrant workers were the backbone of the urban construction, but they were vulnerable groups in the urbanization process because of the backward urban-rural dual system. Solving the problem of urbanization of migrant workers was one of the key issues in promoting urbanization. The public cost was calculated, based on a survey data of 2 220 migrant workers in Shanghai City by National Bureau of Statistics in 2016. The results showed that: the public cost of urbanization of migrant workers in Shanghai City was increasing these years, among which the endowment insurance cost, education cost and urban management cost were the main components. However, the increasing public costs were bound to put a great pressure on public finance. Therefore, to promote the urbanization of migrant workers in a reasonable and orderly way, it was necessary for the government to establish and improve the guarantee mechanism for compulsory education for children, to integrate migrant workers into the social security system in an orderly manner and to actively guide the return of migrant workers.
引文
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[3]张国胜.基于社会成本考虑的农名工市民化:一个转轨中发展大国的视角与政策选择[J].中国软科学,2009(4):56-69.
[4]王春光.农民工的“半城市化”问题[C].//李真.流动与融合.北京:团结出版社,2005.
[5]陈丰.从“虚城市化”到市民化:农民工城市化的现实路径[J].社会科学,2007(2):110-112.
[6]陆铭,陈钊.为什么土地和户籍制度需要联动改革--基于中国城市和区域发展的理论和实证研究[J].学术月刊,2009(9):78-84.
[7]王小茵,刘伟涛.我国农民工市民化的政治参与困境研究[J].商,2015(7):69.
[8]张国胜.农民工市民化的城市融入机制研究[J].江西财经大学学报,2007(2):42-46.
[9]黄锟.中国农民工市民化制度分析[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2011.
[10]Northam R M.Urban geography[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1979.
[11]国家统计局.中华人民共和国2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].[2018-02-28][2018-04-14].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201802/t20180228_1585631.html.
[12]中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组.2005中国可持续发展战略报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[13]张国胜,杨先明.中国农民工市民化的社会成本研究[J].经济界,2008(5):61-68.
[14]侯云春,韩俊,蒋省三,等.农民工市民化进程的总体态势与战略取向[J].改革,2011(5):5-29.
[15]冯虹,赵一凡,艾小青.首都农民工市民化的成本测算研究[J].国家行政学院学报,2017(3):82-86.
[16]杨轾波.江西农民城市化的成本分析[C].全国经济地理研究会第十一届学术年会暨中国区域协调发展学术研讨会论文集,2007.
[17]谌新民,周文良.农业转移人口市民化成本分担机制及政策涵义[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版).2013(5):134-141.
[18]国务院发展研究中心课题组.农民工市民化:制度创新与顶层政策设计[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2011.
[19]上海市人力资源和社会保障局.2016年度本市社会保险基本情况[EB/OL].[2017-06-01][2018-04-12].http://www.12333sh.gov.cn/201712333/xxgk/zdly/01/201711/t20171103_1270735.shtml.
[20]上海市民政局.关于调整本市城乡居民最低生活保障标准的通知[EB/0L].[2018-4-12][2018-4-14].http://www.shmzj.gov.cn/gb/shmzj/node687/u1ai45626.html.
[21]崔慧玉,陈宏宇.进城务工人员子女义务教育事权与支出责任划分研究[J].财政科学.2017(9):81-92.
[22]张太宇.中国农民工社会保障制度研究[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2014.
[23]程名望,黄俊逸,潘烜,等.新农合对农民工城市融入的影响分析--以上海1446个样本为例[J].广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(1):48-55.
[24]敖璟荟.农民工市民化成本及分担方式研究--以江西省为例[D].南昌:江西财经大学,2014.
[25]李强.农民工与中国社会分层[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004.
[26]马红梅,金彦平.全球金融危机下我国农民工回流问题研究[J].农业经济,2009(3):39-41.