不同制取工艺下油茶籽与油茶籽油中重金属迁移关系的研究
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摘要
分别对油茶籽果肉、外壳及通过压榨(热榨、冷榨)和浸提两种方式获得的油茶籽油、残渣物等进行测量并分析了六种重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Se)的含量及其相关性研究。研究表明,浸提油中重金属含量平均值的大小顺序依次为Pb>Cr>Se>As>Cd>Hg,压榨油中重金属含量平均值的大小顺序均依次为Cr>Pb>Se>As>Cd>Hg;浸提油和浸提残渣中Pb含量均有超过GB 2716—2018中0.1 mg/kg的限量,其中浸提油Pb超标率为33.3%,浸提残渣Pb超标率为35.7%。浸提法中六种重金属含量均高于压榨法,且除As以外均高于其果肉含量,浸提油中各重金属元素之间都有强相关性;压榨法除Hg以外,其他元素各重金属含量低于其果肉含量;热榨法除Se以外,其余五种重金属含量均高于冷榨法,其中Hg元素更为明显。
The contents of six heavy metal elements(Ph,Cd,Cr,As,Hg,Se)and their correlation were measured and analyzed respectively for the pulp,shell and oil and residues obtained by pressing(hot pressing,cold pressing)and extraction.The study showed that the order of the average heavy metal content in the extracted oil was Pb>Cr>Se>As>Cd>Hg,and the order of the average heavy metal content in the pressed oil was Cr>Pb>Se>As>Cd>Hg.Pb content in both the extracted oil and the extracted residue exceeded the limit of 0.1 mg/kg in GB 2716—2018,of which the Pb overshooting rate of the extracted oil was 33.3% and the Pb overshooting rate of the extracted residue was 35.7%.The contents of all six heavy metals in the extraction method were higher than that in the pressing method,and all the heavy metals in the extraction oil were higher than that in the pulp except the As;and in addition to Hg,the heavy metal content of other elements was lower than that of the pulp.In addition to Se,the content of the other five heavy metals was higher than that in cold pressing,among which the elemnt Hg was more obvious.
The contents of six heavy metal elements(Ph,Cd,Cr,As,Hg,Se)and their correlation were measured and analyzed respectively for the pulp,shell and oil and residues obtained by pressing(hot pressing,cold pressing)and extraction.The study showed that the order of the average heavy metal content in the extracted oil was Pb>Cr>Se>As>Cd>Hg,and the order of the average heavy metal content in the pressed oil was Cr>Pb>Se>As>Cd>Hg.Pb content in both the extracted oil and the extracted residue exceeded the limit of 0.1 mg/kg in GB 2716—2018,of which the Pb overshooting rate of the extracted oil was 33.3% and the Pb overshooting rate of the extracted residue was 35.7%.The contents of all six heavy metals in the extraction method were higher than that in the pressing method,and all the heavy metals in the extraction oil were higher than that in the pulp except the As;and in addition to Hg,the heavy metal content of other elements was lower than that of the pulp.In addition to Se,the content of the other five heavy metals was higher than that in cold pressing,among which the elemnt Hg was more obvious.
引文
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[3]张可,钱和,张添.油茶籽的综合开发利用[J].食品科技,2003(4):85-86ZHANG K,QIAN H,ZHANG T.The multipurpose utilization of camellia oleifera seed[J].Food Science and Technology,2003(4):85-86
[4]马力.油茶籽的综合开发利用[J].中国食品添加剂,2007(3):126-129MA L.The comprehensive utilization of camellia oleifera seed[J].China Food Additives,2007(3):126-129
[5]聂海瑜.油茶籽的综合利用.粮油加工与食品机械[J].2004(6):39-41NIE H Y.Comprehensive utilization of camellia seed[J].Cereals and Oils Processing,2004(6):39-41
[6]唐琦,严家俊.油茶籽油对大鼠降血脂和预防脂肪肝的影响[J].广东化工,2016(1):36-38TANG Q,YAN J J.The effects of the oils from tea seed on reducing blood lipid and prevent the fatty liver on rats[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2016(1):36-38
[7]LAMSAL B P,MURPHY P A,JOHNSON L A.Flaking and extrusion as mechanical treatments for enzy me-assisted a-queous extraction of oil from soybeans[J].J Am Oil Chem Soc,2006,83:973-979
[8]倪张林,汤富彬,屈明华.不同前处理方法测定植物油中重金属的研究[J].中国油脂,2012,37(7):85-87NI Z L,TANG F B,QU M H.Determination of heavy metals content in vegetable oils with different preprocessing methods[J].China Oils And Fats,2012.37(7):85-87
[9]GB 2716—2018食品安全国家标准植物油[S]
[10]GB 2762—2017食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S]
[11]蒋步云,柴振林,朱杰丽,等.富硒产品的开发利用及研究现状[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(11):446-448JIANG B Y,CHAI Z L,ZHU J L,et al.The development and utilization of selenium-rich goods and the present research status[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(11).446-448
[12]ROTRUCK J T,POPE A L,GANTHER H E,et al.Selenium:biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase[J].Science,1973,179:588-590
[13]李丽辉,林亲录.食品中硒的生理功能及其检测方法[J].食品工程,2007,3(1):28-29.LI L H,LIN Q L.The physiological functions of selenium in food and the detection methods[J].Food Engineering,2007,3(1):28-29
[14]张继舟,栾志慧,张弘强,等.典型黑土区农田土壤与玉米中重金属含量研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(27):10980-10983ZHANG J Z,LUAN Z H,ZHANG H Q,et al.Contents of heavy metals in agricultural soil and corn in typical black soil region[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2013,41(27):10980-10983
[15]方凤满,王起超.土壤汞污染研究进展[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(4):326-329FANG F M,WANG Q C.A review on the studies on mercury pollution of soil[J].Soil and Environmental Science,2000,9(4):326-329
[16]彭阳生,奚如春.油茶栽培及茶籽油制取[M].北京:金盾出版社,2010:207PENG Y S,XI R C.Oil tea cultivation and tea seed oil production[M].Beijing:Jindun Publishing House,2010:207.