不同肥力水平下‘郑麦7698’对磷素的吸收、分配与运移
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摘要
为了给小麦新品种‘郑麦7698’优质高产的合理施肥技术提供指导,利用国家潮土肥力与肥料效益长期监测站20年形成的不同肥力水平小区,研究了‘郑麦7698’在中高肥力水平下对土壤磷素吸收、分配与运移。结果表明,在中等肥力和高肥力水平下,小麦地上部磷素积累总量差异显著,分别吸收43.3、49.4 kg/hm~2,每生产100 kg籽粒分别需要吸收磷素量分别为0.55 kg和0.63 kg。‘郑麦7698’有2个吸磷高峰,第1个吸收高峰在返青—拔节期,该时期吸磷量占总量的26.3%和27.4%,吸收强度分别是0.53、0.62 kg/(hm~2·d);第2个吸收高峰在灌浆期,40天内吸收量分别占总量的52.8%和49.5%,最高吸收强度在灌浆初期,分别为1.14、1.76 kg/(hm~2·d)。‘郑麦7698’叶片吸收磷素在拔节期达到最大值,其中85.0%在收获期转移到其他器官;茎秆在抽穗期达到最大值,其中74.7%在收获期转移到其他器官。籽粒在蜡熟期达到最大吸磷量,中等肥力下吸收38.3 kg/hm~2,其中94.2%(26.48 kg/hm~2)磷素是从叶片、茎秆和叶鞘中转入。成熟期总磷素累积量的74.3%储存在籽粒里,其余25.7%在茎叶和颖壳中。
To provide guidance for rational fertilization on the new wheat variety(Triticum aestivum L.)‘Zhengmai 7698'achieving high yield and quality,a trial was conducted in different fertility plots formedtwenty years in National Tide Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency Long Term Monitoring Station.The phosphorus(P) uptake,distribution and migration of‘Zhengmai 7698'were studied.The results showed thatthe total P accumulation amount in the upper part of wheat had significant differences under the medium andhigh fertility level,P uptake was 43.3 kg/hm~2 and 49.4 kg/hm~2,respectively,P amounts needed for the formation of 100 kg grain yield was 0.55 kg and 0.63 kg,respectively.Two P absorption peaks of‘Zhengmai7698'were observed.One was at turning green stage-jointing stage,in this period,the P uptake accounted for26.3% and 27.4% of the total,the P absorption intensity was 0.53 and 0.62 kg/(hm~2·d) under the medium andhigh fertility level,respectively; the second peak was at filling period,in 40 days the P uptake accounted for52.8% and 49.5% of the total,the maximum P absorption intensity was 1.14 and 1.76 kg/(hm~2·d) at initialfilling stage.The maximum P uptake was in leaves at the jointing stage,85.0% of which transferred to otherorgans in harvest period.The P accumulation of stems reached the maximum value at the heading stage,74.7%of which transferred to other organs.The P accumulation of grains reached the maximum value(38.3 kg/hm~2) atthe ripening stage,94.2% of which transferred from leaves and stems.In mature period,74.3% of the total P uptake was stored in the grain,and the remaining(25.7%) was stored in the stems,leaves and glumes.
To provide guidance for rational fertilization on the new wheat variety(Triticum aestivum L.)‘Zhengmai 7698'achieving high yield and quality,a trial was conducted in different fertility plots formedtwenty years in National Tide Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency Long Term Monitoring Station.The phosphorus(P) uptake,distribution and migration of‘Zhengmai 7698'were studied.The results showed thatthe total P accumulation amount in the upper part of wheat had significant differences under the medium andhigh fertility level,P uptake was 43.3 kg/hm~2 and 49.4 kg/hm~2,respectively,P amounts needed for the formation of 100 kg grain yield was 0.55 kg and 0.63 kg,respectively.Two P absorption peaks of‘Zhengmai7698'were observed.One was at turning green stage-jointing stage,in this period,the P uptake accounted for26.3% and 27.4% of the total,the P absorption intensity was 0.53 and 0.62 kg/(hm~2·d) under the medium andhigh fertility level,respectively; the second peak was at filling period,in 40 days the P uptake accounted for52.8% and 49.5% of the total,the maximum P absorption intensity was 1.14 and 1.76 kg/(hm~2·d) at initialfilling stage.The maximum P uptake was in leaves at the jointing stage,85.0% of which transferred to otherorgans in harvest period.The P accumulation of stems reached the maximum value at the heading stage,74.7%of which transferred to other organs.The P accumulation of grains reached the maximum value(38.3 kg/hm~2) atthe ripening stage,94.2% of which transferred from leaves and stems.In mature period,74.3% of the total P uptake was stored in the grain,and the remaining(25.7%) was stored in the stems,leaves and glumes.
引文
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[10]蒋丽娜,徐姗,常江,等.持续淹水对小麦养分吸收动态和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(27):113-117.
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[13]田伟,张慎举,郭振升,等.超级小麦郑麦7698生长发育特性及其配套技术研究[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(7):35-37,40.
[14]张自阳,冯素伟,姜小苓,等.河南省主推小麦品种越冬期生理生化特性比较研究[J].河南科技学院学报,2012(8):1-6.
[15]胡琳,盖钧镒,许为钢,等.小麦品质特性的分类及相对重要性分析[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(5):60-64.
[16]聂胜委,黄绍敏,张水清,等.长期定位施肥对冬小麦吸收利用氮素的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(6):1037-1043.
[17]张水清,黄绍敏,刘建青,等.长期定位施肥对冬小麦干物质生产、产量形成及钾素吸收分配的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(4):680-685.
[18]鲁如坤.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[19]党红凯,李瑞奇,李雁鸣,等.超高产栽培条件下冬小麦对磷的吸收、积累和分配[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):531-541.
[20]吕丽华,张经廷,董志强,等.小麦玉米轮作体系氮、磷吸收与平衡研究[J].华北农学报,2015,30(4):181-187.
[2]阳显斌,张锡洲,李廷轩,等.小麦磷素利用效率的品种差异[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):60-66.
[3]柏栋阴,冯国华,张会云,等.低磷胁迫下磷高效基因型小麦的筛选[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(3):407-410,415.
[4]郭程瑾,李宾兴,周彦珍,等.不同磷效率小麦品种的磷吸收特性[J].植物遗传资源学报,2006,7(1):49-53,58.
[5]李宾兴,郭程瑾,王斌,等.缺磷胁迫下不同磷效率小麦品种及其杂种F1的磷吸收利用特性[J].作物学报,2006,32(2):267-272.
[6]黄绍敏,宝德俊,郭斗斗,等.河南省不同类型小麦养分吸收分配规律[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(11):30-34.
[7]周春菊,张嵩午,王林权.冷、暖型小麦不同器官的磷素含量及其转运研究[J].土壤通报,2010,41(4):947-951.
[8]周春菊,张嵩午,王林权.冷型小麦磷素吸收积累特性的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1062-1067.
[9]高聚林,刘克礼,张永平,等.春小麦磷素吸收、积累与分配规律的研究[J].麦类作物学报,2003,23(3):107-112.
[10]蒋丽娜,徐姗,常江,等.持续淹水对小麦养分吸收动态和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(27):113-117.
[11]姜宗庆,封超年,黄联联,等.施磷量对小麦物质生产及吸磷特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(5):628-634.
[12]韩燕来,介晓磊,谭金芳,等.超高产冬小麦氮磷钾吸收、分配与运转规律的研究[J].作物学报,1998,24(6):908-912.
[13]田伟,张慎举,郭振升,等.超级小麦郑麦7698生长发育特性及其配套技术研究[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(7):35-37,40.
[14]张自阳,冯素伟,姜小苓,等.河南省主推小麦品种越冬期生理生化特性比较研究[J].河南科技学院学报,2012(8):1-6.
[15]胡琳,盖钧镒,许为钢,等.小麦品质特性的分类及相对重要性分析[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(5):60-64.
[16]聂胜委,黄绍敏,张水清,等.长期定位施肥对冬小麦吸收利用氮素的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(6):1037-1043.
[17]张水清,黄绍敏,刘建青,等.长期定位施肥对冬小麦干物质生产、产量形成及钾素吸收分配的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(4):680-685.
[18]鲁如坤.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[19]党红凯,李瑞奇,李雁鸣,等.超高产栽培条件下冬小麦对磷的吸收、积累和分配[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):531-541.
[20]吕丽华,张经廷,董志强,等.小麦玉米轮作体系氮、磷吸收与平衡研究[J].华北农学报,2015,30(4):181-187.