基于不同岩石抗拉强度值确定最大水平主应力的对比分析
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摘要
水压致裂原地应力测量系统的柔性对最大水平主应力的结果会产生很大的影响,提高最大水平主应力的测量精度对各种地下等工程设计都具有重要意义。通过进行直接拉伸试验、"垫条加载"和"角锥荷载"形式的圆盘劈裂实验、弯曲拉伸实验获得岩石抗拉强度,结合实测破坏压力、孔隙压力数据及相关理论计算出最大水平主应力,并与利用经典水压致裂公式计算得到的最大水平主应力进行数据对比分析。结果表明:通过"角锥荷载"圆盘劈裂实验、直接拉伸试验、"垫条加载"圆盘劈裂实验、三点弯曲实验所获得的最大水平主应力均大于经典水压致裂公式计算得到的最大水平主应力,且偏差依次增大,由此也说明测试系统的柔性会导致利用经典公式计算的最大水平主应力偏小。4种实验中,通过"角锥荷载"圆盘劈裂实验所获得的数据较其他3种方法更接近经典公式计算得到的最大水平主应力,且偏差较小,可以作为估算最大水平主应力的一种替代方法。在未来的工作研究中,可以为避开系统柔性对实测最大水平主应力的影响、提高测量精度提供方法参考。
The compliance of the hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measuring system produces a great influence on the results of the maximum horizontal principal stress,and improving the measurement accuracy of the maximum horizontal principal stress has important significances on various underground engineering design. The tensile strength of rock was obtained from direct tensile tests,disk split tests with strip loading and pyramid loading and bending tensile tests. Combined with the actual measured data of failure pressure and pore pressure,based on related theories,the horizontal principal stress were calculated,and they were compared with those of classical hydrofracturing formula.The results show that the maximum horizontal principal stress obtained from disk split tests with pyramid loading,the direct tensile tests,disk split tests with strip loading,three point bending tests is larger than that calculated by using the classical hydrofracturing formula and the deviation increases respectively. It also shows that the compliance of the testing system can lead to the results of classical formula relatively smaller. In the four kinds of tests,the data obtained from disk split test with pyramid loading is closer to that of the classical formula than the other three tests and the deviation is smaller,thus it can be an alternative method to estimate the maximum horizontal principal stress. In the future studies,the paper can provide a method reference for avoiding the influence of the system compliance on the actual measured maximum horizontal principal stress to improve the measurement accuracy.
The compliance of the hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measuring system produces a great influence on the results of the maximum horizontal principal stress,and improving the measurement accuracy of the maximum horizontal principal stress has important significances on various underground engineering design. The tensile strength of rock was obtained from direct tensile tests,disk split tests with strip loading and pyramid loading and bending tensile tests. Combined with the actual measured data of failure pressure and pore pressure,based on related theories,the horizontal principal stress were calculated,and they were compared with those of classical hydrofracturing formula.The results show that the maximum horizontal principal stress obtained from disk split tests with pyramid loading,the direct tensile tests,disk split tests with strip loading,three point bending tests is larger than that calculated by using the classical hydrofracturing formula and the deviation increases respectively. It also shows that the compliance of the testing system can lead to the results of classical formula relatively smaller. In the four kinds of tests,the data obtained from disk split test with pyramid loading is closer to that of the classical formula than the other three tests and the deviation is smaller,thus it can be an alternative method to estimate the maximum horizontal principal stress. In the future studies,the paper can provide a method reference for avoiding the influence of the system compliance on the actual measured maximum horizontal principal stress to improve the measurement accuracy.
引文
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[10]水利水电工程岩石试验规程(SL264-2001)[S].中国水利水电出版社,2001.(Specifications for rock test in water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering(SL264-2001)[S].China Water&Power Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[11]Coviello A,Lagioia R,Nova R.On the measurement of the tensile strength of soft rocks[J].Rock Mech Rock Eng,2005,38(4):251-273.
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[14]杨同,王宝学,高谦,等.岩石弯曲拉伸试验研究[J].勘察科学技术,2004(6):3-6.(Yang Tong,Wang Baoxue,Guoqian,et al.Study on bending tensile tests of rock samples[J].Investigation Science and Technology,2004(6):3-6.(in Chinese))
[15]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕,等.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(Cai Meifeng,He Manchao,Liu Yandong,et al.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Bei Jing:science press,2002.(in Chinese))
[16]邢博瑞.单孔三维水压致裂原位地应力测量应用研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2014.(Xing Borui.Study on three-dimensional geostress determining method with hydraulic fracturing technique in single borehole[D].Beijing:China University Of Geosciences(Bei Jing),2014.(in Chinese))
[17]中国地震局.地壳构造与地壳应力[M].中国地震局地壳应力研究所情报资料室,2009.(China Earthquake Administration.Crustaltectonics and crustal stress[M].Information Room,Institute of Crustal Stress,China Earthquake Administration,2009.(in Chinese))
[18]Coviello A,Lagioia R,Nova R.On themeasurement of the tensile strength of soft rocks[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2005,38(4):251-273.
[19]李开洋.郯庐断裂带中段区域应力状态及其断层力学意义研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.(Li Kaiyang.The research of the regional stress state and fault mechanics significance of the middle segment of Tan-lu Fault[D].Beijing:China University Of Geosciences(Bei Jing),2015.(in Chinese))
[20]中国地震局地壳应力研究所.水压致裂裂缝的形成和扩展研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.(Institute of Crustal Stress,China Earthquake Administration,Study on the formation and expansion of hydraulic fracturing crack[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[21]叶明亮,续建科,牟宏,等.岩石抗拉强度试验方法的探讨[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,30(6):19-25.(Ye Mingliang,Xu Jianke,Mou Hong.Test method of tensile strength of rock investigate[J].Guizhou University of Technology(Natural Science),2001,30(6):19-25).(in Chinese))
[2]李金锁,彭华,马秀敏,等.水压致裂地应力测试方法在云南大理-丽江铁路隧道工程中的应用[J].地质通报,2006,25(5):644-648.(Li Jinsuo,Peng Hua,Ma Xiumin,et al.Application of hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurements to tunneling along the Dali-Lijiang Railway,Yunnan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(5):644-648.(in Chinese))
[3]郭啟良.重大工程建设中的地应力测量及其在设计中的应用[J].震灾防御技术,2006,1(2):105-112.(Guo Qiliang.In-situ stress measurement for the vital project construction and its application in designing[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2006,1(2):105-112.
[4]高富强.最大水平主应力对巷道围岩稳定性影响的数值分析[J].矿业研究与开发,2008,28(1):62-64.(Gao Fuqiang.Numerical analysis on the influence of maximum horizontal principal stress on surrounding rock stability of roadway[J].Mining Research and Development,2008,28(1):62-65.(in Chinese))
[5]Haimson B C,Cornet F H.ISRM suggested methods for rock stress estimation:Part 3:hydraulic fracturing(HF)and/or hydraulic testing of pre-existing fractures(HTPF)[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2003,40(7-8):1011-1020.
[6]Ito T,Igarashi A,Kato H,et al.Crucial effect of system compliance on the maximum stress estimation in the hydrofracturing method:Theoretical considerations and field-test verification[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58(8):963-971.
[7]Ito T,Evansb K,Kawaia K,et al.Hydraulic fracture reopening pressure and the estimation of maximum horizontal stress[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(5/6):811-826.
[8]王成虎,宋成科,邢博瑞.水压致裂应力测量系统柔性分析及其对深孔测量的影响[J].现代地质,2012,26(4):808-816.(Wang Chenghu,Song Chengke,Xing Borui.Compliance of drilling-rod system for hydro-fracturing in situ stress measurement and its sffect on measurements at great depth[J].Geoscience,2012,26(4):808-816.(in Chinese))
[9]马元春,杨新华.花岗岩抗拉强度试验和在水压致裂应力测量中的应用[J].地壳构造与地壳应力文集,1996(增1).(Ma Yuanchun,Yang Shuxin.Brazilian tests of granite and application in hydrofracture stress measurement[J].Crustal Tectonics and Crustal Stress Corpus,1996(Supp.1).(in Chinese))
[10]水利水电工程岩石试验规程(SL264-2001)[S].中国水利水电出版社,2001.(Specifications for rock test in water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering(SL264-2001)[S].China Water&Power Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[11]Coviello A,Lagioia R,Nova R.On the measurement of the tensile strength of soft rocks[J].Rock Mech Rock Eng,2005,38(4):251-273.
[12]Obert L,Windes S L,Duvall W I.Standardized tests for determining the physical properties of mine rock[M].RI-3891,Bureau of Mines,U.S.Dept.of the Interior,1946.
[13]Perras M A,Diederichs M S.Areview of the tensile strength of rock:concepts and testing[J].Geotechnical&Geological Engineering,2014,32(2):525-546.
[14]杨同,王宝学,高谦,等.岩石弯曲拉伸试验研究[J].勘察科学技术,2004(6):3-6.(Yang Tong,Wang Baoxue,Guoqian,et al.Study on bending tensile tests of rock samples[J].Investigation Science and Technology,2004(6):3-6.(in Chinese))
[15]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕,等.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(Cai Meifeng,He Manchao,Liu Yandong,et al.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Bei Jing:science press,2002.(in Chinese))
[16]邢博瑞.单孔三维水压致裂原位地应力测量应用研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2014.(Xing Borui.Study on three-dimensional geostress determining method with hydraulic fracturing technique in single borehole[D].Beijing:China University Of Geosciences(Bei Jing),2014.(in Chinese))
[17]中国地震局.地壳构造与地壳应力[M].中国地震局地壳应力研究所情报资料室,2009.(China Earthquake Administration.Crustaltectonics and crustal stress[M].Information Room,Institute of Crustal Stress,China Earthquake Administration,2009.(in Chinese))
[18]Coviello A,Lagioia R,Nova R.On themeasurement of the tensile strength of soft rocks[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2005,38(4):251-273.
[19]李开洋.郯庐断裂带中段区域应力状态及其断层力学意义研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.(Li Kaiyang.The research of the regional stress state and fault mechanics significance of the middle segment of Tan-lu Fault[D].Beijing:China University Of Geosciences(Bei Jing),2015.(in Chinese))
[20]中国地震局地壳应力研究所.水压致裂裂缝的形成和扩展研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.(Institute of Crustal Stress,China Earthquake Administration,Study on the formation and expansion of hydraulic fracturing crack[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[21]叶明亮,续建科,牟宏,等.岩石抗拉强度试验方法的探讨[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,30(6):19-25.(Ye Mingliang,Xu Jianke,Mou Hong.Test method of tensile strength of rock investigate[J].Guizhou University of Technology(Natural Science),2001,30(6):19-25).(in Chinese))