特低渗透油藏水驱规律及最佳驱替模式
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摘要
为了进一步改善特低渗透油藏开发效果,提高水驱采收率,通过大量特低渗透油藏水驱开采特征研究,揭示了特低渗透油藏的水驱规律:在注水开发过程中,特低渗透油藏会首先沿现今最大水平主应力方向注、采井间开启注水动态裂缝,随着注水压力的升高,或将开启与之成最小角度的注采井连线方向裂缝,导致注入水沿裂缝方向注采井无效循环,造成油藏水驱开发效果很差。等值渗流阻力法计算结果也证明了面积驱替径向渗流转为裂缝线性侧向驱替平行流后可大大降低渗流阻力。由此提出了"沿现今最大水平主应力方向注水动态裂缝线性注水、侧向基质驱替"的井网转换模式。井网模式的转换避免了注水动态裂缝导致的注入水无效循环,消除了动态裂缝对储层非均质性的影响,减小了渗流阻力,扩大了水驱波及程度。现场应用效果显著,单井产能增加了一倍,平面波及系数提高了43. 2%,水驱采收率提高了19. 3%。
This study reveals the waterflooding pattern of ultra-low permeability reservoir after the analysis of waterflooding recovery characters of plenty ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs,with a view to further bettering the development of ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs and enhancing oil recovery. It can be concluded that fractures induced by water injection will open along the injection-production line in the direction of in-situ maximum horizontal principal stress. In addition,as the angle between the in-situ maximum principle stress and the injection-production line becomes smaller with the increase of water injection pressure,the induced fracture is more likely to open,resulting in an invalid circulation of injected water to injection-production wells and poor waterflooding effect. Moreover,the seepage resistance of linear lateral displacement of the fracture is less than that of the radial displacement calculated by equivalent percolation resistance method. In turn a well pattern conversion mode of "linear injection into dynamic fractures along the direction of in-situ maximum horizontal principal stress with matrix displacement of lateral side"is proposed. The optimized well pattern can improve water sweep efficiency by mitigating the effect of dynamic fractures on reservoir heterogeneity and reducing seepage resistance. In application,the productivity of single wells has doubled,the plane sweep coefficient has increased by43. 8%,and the waterflooding recovery ratio has increased by 19. 3%.
This study reveals the waterflooding pattern of ultra-low permeability reservoir after the analysis of waterflooding recovery characters of plenty ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs,with a view to further bettering the development of ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs and enhancing oil recovery. It can be concluded that fractures induced by water injection will open along the injection-production line in the direction of in-situ maximum horizontal principal stress. In addition,as the angle between the in-situ maximum principle stress and the injection-production line becomes smaller with the increase of water injection pressure,the induced fracture is more likely to open,resulting in an invalid circulation of injected water to injection-production wells and poor waterflooding effect. Moreover,the seepage resistance of linear lateral displacement of the fracture is less than that of the radial displacement calculated by equivalent percolation resistance method. In turn a well pattern conversion mode of "linear injection into dynamic fractures along the direction of in-situ maximum horizontal principal stress with matrix displacement of lateral side"is proposed. The optimized well pattern can improve water sweep efficiency by mitigating the effect of dynamic fractures on reservoir heterogeneity and reducing seepage resistance. In application,the productivity of single wells has doubled,the plane sweep coefficient has increased by43. 8%,and the waterflooding recovery ratio has increased by 19. 3%.
引文
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[7]樊兆琪,程林松,耿昌浩,等.低渗透油藏储层非均质性评价与井网调整新方法[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(2):93-98.Fan Zhaoqi,Cheng Linsong,Geng Changhao,et al. A new approach for heterogeneity evaluation and well pattern adjustment in low permeability reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(2):93-98.
[8]苏玉亮,吴春新,高丽,等.特低渗透油藏水驱油注水界限的确定[J].石油钻探技术,2012,40(2):82-86.Su Yuliang,Wu Chunxin,Gao Li,et al. Determination of waterflooding limits for driving an ultra-low permeability reservoir[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2012,40(2):82-86.
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[11]高宝国,滑辉,丁文阁,等.低渗透油田特高含水期开发技术对策:以渤南油田义11井区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(6):97-99,103.Gao Baoguo,Hua Hui,Ding Wenge,et al. Technical treatment in extra-high water cut stage for low permeable reservoir:A case study of Yi11 area,Bonan oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2013,20(6):97-99,103.
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[13]王友净,宋新民,田昌炳,等.动态裂缝是特低渗透油藏注水开发中出现的新的开发地质属性[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):222-228.Wang Youjing,Song Xinmin,Tian Changbing,et al. Dynamic fractures are an emerging new development geological attribute in waterflooding development of ultra-low permeability reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):222-228.
[14]谢景彬,龙国清,田昌炳,等.特低渗透砂岩油藏动态裂缝成因及对注水开发的影响——以安塞油田王窑区长6油组为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(3):106-110.Xie Jingbin,Long Guoqing,Tian Changbing,et al. Genetic mechanism of dynamic fracture and itsinfluence on water flooding development in extra-low permeability sandstone reservoir:A case of Chang6member in Wangyao area,Ansai oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(3):106-110.
[15]郭发荣,王洪伟,安明胜,等.安塞特低渗油田动态裂缝变化特征及其影响[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2015,12(23):77-79.Guo Rongfa,Wang Hong Wei,An Mingsheng,et al. Characteristics and influence of dynamic Fracture in Ansai extra low permeability oilfield[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2015,12(23):77-79.
[16]范天一,宋新民,吴淑红,等.低渗透油藏水驱动态裂缝数学模型及数值模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(4):496-501Fan Tianyi,Song Xinmin,Wu Shuhong,et al. A mathematical model and numerical simulation of waterflood induced dynamic fractures of low permeability reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(4):496-501.
[17]王文环,彭缓缓,李光泉,等.长庆特低渗透油藏注水动态裂缝及井网加密调整模式研究[J].石油钻探技术,2015,43(1):106-110.Wang Wenhuan,Peng Huanhuan,Li Guangquan,et al. Reasearch on water flooding dynamic fractures to optimize infill drilling spacing in ultra-low permeability reaervoirs,Changqing Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2015,43(1):106-110.
[18]王文环,彭缓缓,李光泉,等.大庆低渗透油藏注水动态裂缝开启机理及有效调整对策[J].石油与天然地质,2015,36(5):842-847.Wang Wenhuan,Peng Huanhuan,Li Guangquan,et al. Opening mechanism of dynamic fractures caused by water injection and effective adjustments in low permeability reservoirs,Daqing oilfield in Songliao Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(5):842-847.
[19]彭缓缓,王文环,吕文峰,等.考虑动态裂缝的特低渗透油藏渗流模型[J].断块油气田,2016,23(05):630-633.Peng Huanhuan,Wang Wenhuan,Lv Wenfeng,et al. Seepage model of ultra-low permeability reservoir considering dynamic fracture[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2016,23(05):630-633.
[20]杨正明,于荣泽,苏致新,等.特低渗透油藏非线性渗流数值模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(1):94-98.Yang Zhengming,Yu Rongze,Su Zhixin,et al. Numerical simulation of the nonlinear flow in ultra-low permeability reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(1):94-98.
[21]时佃海.低渗透砂岩油藏平面径向渗流流态分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):491-494.Shi Dianhai. Flow state distribution of areal radial flow in low permeability sandstone reservoir[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(4):491-494.
[22]计秉玉,李莉,王春艳,等.低渗透油藏非达西渗流面积井网产油量计算方法[J].石油学报,2008,29(2):256-261.Ji Bingyu,Li Li,Wang Chunyan,et al. Oil production calculation for areal well pattern of low-permeability reservoir with non-Darcy seepage flow[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(2):256-261
[23]陈元千.线性流的启动压力梯度不能用于平面径向流方程.石油学报,2011,32(6):1088-1092.Chen Yuanqian. Improper use of the starting pressure gradient of linear flow in the plane radial flow equation[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(6):1088-1092.
[24]刘海龙,吴淑红.低渗透油藏面积井网产能计算方法[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2016,21(1); 93-99.Liu Hailong,Wu Shuhong. A new method to calculate well pattern productivity in low permeable reservoir[J]. Journal of Harbin University of Science and Technology,2016,21(1); 93-99.
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[2]赵良金,黄新文,王军,等.文东油田沙河街组三段中亚段油藏裂缝发育规律及其对注水开发的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(1):102-107.Zhao Liangjin,Huang Xinwen,Wang Jun,et al. Pattern of fracture occurrence and its influence on waterflooding in the Es3reservoirs of Wendong oilfield[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2009,30(1):102-107.
[3]曾联波.低渗透砂岩储层裂缝的形成与分布[M].北京:科技出版社,2008.Zeng Lianbo. Formation and distribution of fractures in low permeability sandstonereservoir[M],Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[4]赵向原,曾联波,胡向阳,等.低渗透砂岩油藏注水诱导裂缝特征及其识别方法——以鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田W区长6油藏为例.石油与天然气地质,2017,38(6):1187-1197.Zhao Xiangyuan,Zeng Lianbo,Hu Xiangyang,et al. Characteristics of waterflood induced fracture in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs and its identification methods:A case study from Chang 6 reservoir in W area in Ansai oilfied,Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(6):1187-1197.
[5]赵向原,曾联波,靳宝光,等.低渗透油藏注水诱导裂缝特征及形成机理—以鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田长6油藏为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(4):696-705.Zhao Xiangyuan,Zeng Lianbo,Jin Baoguang,et al. Characteristics and formation mechanisms of waterflood induced fractures in low-permeability reservoirs:A case study from Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai oilfield,Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(4):696-705.
[6]张璋,何顺利,刘广峰.低渗透油藏裂缝方向偏转时井网与水力裂缝适配性研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(3):98-101.Zhang Zhang,He Shunli,Liu Guangfeng. An investigation of suitability between well pattern and hydraulic fracture system with deflected orientation in low permeability reservoir[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2013,20(3):98-101.
[7]樊兆琪,程林松,耿昌浩,等.低渗透油藏储层非均质性评价与井网调整新方法[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(2):93-98.Fan Zhaoqi,Cheng Linsong,Geng Changhao,et al. A new approach for heterogeneity evaluation and well pattern adjustment in low permeability reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(2):93-98.
[8]苏玉亮,吴春新,高丽,等.特低渗透油藏水驱油注水界限的确定[J].石油钻探技术,2012,40(2):82-86.Su Yuliang,Wu Chunxin,Gao Li,et al. Determination of waterflooding limits for driving an ultra-low permeability reservoir[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2012,40(2):82-86.
[9]刘伟伟,苏月琦,王茂文,等.特低渗油藏压裂井注采井距与注水见效关系[J].断块油气田,2012,19(6):736-739.Liu Weiwei,Su Yueqi,Wang Maowen,et al. Relationship of injectorproducer spacing and waterflooding response for fracturing wells in ultra-low permeability reservoir[J]. Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2012,19(6):736-739.
[10]王文环.提高薄互层低渗透砂岩油藏采收率的有效开发技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(5):660-667,674.Wang Wenhuan. Technology of effectively enhancing recovery efficiency in thin-interbedding reservoirs of low-permeability sandstone[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(5):660-667,674.
[11]高宝国,滑辉,丁文阁,等.低渗透油田特高含水期开发技术对策:以渤南油田义11井区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(6):97-99,103.Gao Baoguo,Hua Hui,Ding Wenge,et al. Technical treatment in extra-high water cut stage for low permeable reservoir:A case study of Yi11 area,Bonan oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2013,20(6):97-99,103.
[12]邹桂丽,王新杰,李祥珠,等.低渗透油藏五点井网裂缝参数优化研究[J].石油化工应用,2013,32(11):16-19,28.Zou Guili,Wang Xinjie,Li Xiangzhu,et al. Low permeability reservoirs at five o'clock pattern fracture parameters optimization research[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2013,32(11):16-19,28.
[13]王友净,宋新民,田昌炳,等.动态裂缝是特低渗透油藏注水开发中出现的新的开发地质属性[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):222-228.Wang Youjing,Song Xinmin,Tian Changbing,et al. Dynamic fractures are an emerging new development geological attribute in waterflooding development of ultra-low permeability reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):222-228.
[14]谢景彬,龙国清,田昌炳,等.特低渗透砂岩油藏动态裂缝成因及对注水开发的影响——以安塞油田王窑区长6油组为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(3):106-110.Xie Jingbin,Long Guoqing,Tian Changbing,et al. Genetic mechanism of dynamic fracture and itsinfluence on water flooding development in extra-low permeability sandstone reservoir:A case of Chang6member in Wangyao area,Ansai oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(3):106-110.
[15]郭发荣,王洪伟,安明胜,等.安塞特低渗油田动态裂缝变化特征及其影响[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2015,12(23):77-79.Guo Rongfa,Wang Hong Wei,An Mingsheng,et al. Characteristics and influence of dynamic Fracture in Ansai extra low permeability oilfield[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2015,12(23):77-79.
[16]范天一,宋新民,吴淑红,等.低渗透油藏水驱动态裂缝数学模型及数值模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(4):496-501Fan Tianyi,Song Xinmin,Wu Shuhong,et al. A mathematical model and numerical simulation of waterflood induced dynamic fractures of low permeability reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(4):496-501.
[17]王文环,彭缓缓,李光泉,等.长庆特低渗透油藏注水动态裂缝及井网加密调整模式研究[J].石油钻探技术,2015,43(1):106-110.Wang Wenhuan,Peng Huanhuan,Li Guangquan,et al. Reasearch on water flooding dynamic fractures to optimize infill drilling spacing in ultra-low permeability reaervoirs,Changqing Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2015,43(1):106-110.
[18]王文环,彭缓缓,李光泉,等.大庆低渗透油藏注水动态裂缝开启机理及有效调整对策[J].石油与天然地质,2015,36(5):842-847.Wang Wenhuan,Peng Huanhuan,Li Guangquan,et al. Opening mechanism of dynamic fractures caused by water injection and effective adjustments in low permeability reservoirs,Daqing oilfield in Songliao Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(5):842-847.
[19]彭缓缓,王文环,吕文峰,等.考虑动态裂缝的特低渗透油藏渗流模型[J].断块油气田,2016,23(05):630-633.Peng Huanhuan,Wang Wenhuan,Lv Wenfeng,et al. Seepage model of ultra-low permeability reservoir considering dynamic fracture[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2016,23(05):630-633.
[20]杨正明,于荣泽,苏致新,等.特低渗透油藏非线性渗流数值模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(1):94-98.Yang Zhengming,Yu Rongze,Su Zhixin,et al. Numerical simulation of the nonlinear flow in ultra-low permeability reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(1):94-98.
[21]时佃海.低渗透砂岩油藏平面径向渗流流态分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):491-494.Shi Dianhai. Flow state distribution of areal radial flow in low permeability sandstone reservoir[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(4):491-494.
[22]计秉玉,李莉,王春艳,等.低渗透油藏非达西渗流面积井网产油量计算方法[J].石油学报,2008,29(2):256-261.Ji Bingyu,Li Li,Wang Chunyan,et al. Oil production calculation for areal well pattern of low-permeability reservoir with non-Darcy seepage flow[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(2):256-261
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