真空钎焊对3003铝合金焊缝组织及腐蚀的影响
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摘要
目的研究钎焊温度与保温时间对3003铝合金焊缝组织及腐蚀行为的影响,通过模型预测3003铝合金焊缝的腐蚀寿命。方法在模拟海洋大气环境下,采用盐雾腐蚀的方法,结合SEM和EDS观察焊缝微观形貌和元素分布情况,根据腐蚀质量损失和最大腐蚀深度分析焊缝的抗腐蚀性能,建立腐蚀动力学模型,参照户外暴露腐蚀数据计算得出腐蚀当量系数,预测腐蚀寿命。结果真空度3×10~(-3) Pa时,随钎焊温度升高和保温时间延长,焊缝区域Si的偏析减少,焊缝的抗腐蚀性能增强。在钎焊温度610℃保温75 min,焊缝组织最均匀,以Al、Si元素为主,含有少量的Mn和Mg,合金相主要为Al-Mn、Mg_2Si和Al_3Mg_2。腐蚀质量损失和腐蚀深度动力学方程分别为y_1=0.0642t~(0.897)和y_2=0.03t~(1.63),以LY12铝合金在海南琼海户外暴露腐蚀10年的数据为参照,得出焊缝腐蚀当量系数k=13.39,大气腐蚀10年的当量腐蚀深度为87.9μm。结论焊缝区域Si的偏析对腐蚀性能产生重要影响。较佳钎焊工艺为:真空度3×10~(-3) Pa,钎焊温度610℃,保温时间75 min。此时,大气腐蚀10年后的当量腐蚀深度占焊缝厚度100μm的87.9%,能够满足10年腐蚀寿命的要求。继续升高钎焊温度和延长保温时间,基体与焊缝界面发生熔蚀现象,抗腐蚀性能减弱。
The paper aims to study influences of brazing temperature and heat preservation time on the weld microstructure and corrosion behavior of 3003 aluminum alloy,and predict weld corrosion life of 3003 aluminum alloy through model.In the simulated marine atmosphere,salt spray corrosion method was used to observe micro-morphology and element distribution of weld seam in combination with SEM and EDS.According to the corrosion weight loss and maximum pitting depth,the corrosion resistance of weld was analyzed.A corrosion dynamic model was established.The micro-morphology and element distribution of weld seam was calculated in reference of outdoor exposure corrosion data to predict the corrosion life.The results showed that when the vacuum degree was 3×10~(-3) Pa,with the increase of brazing temperature and prolonging of holding time,the segregation of Si in weld zone was reduced,and the corrosion resistance of the weld was enhanced.Whenthe brazing temperature was kept at 610℃ for 75 min,the weld microstructure was the most uniform,mainly composed of Al and Si element,and contained a small amount Mn and Mg element.And the weld also contained Al-Mn,Mg_2Si and Al_3Mg_2 alloy phases.The dynamic equations of the corrosion weight loss and the maximum pitting depth of the weld were y_1=0.0642t~(0.897) and y_2=0.03t~(1.63),respectively.Compared with the corrosion kinetics equation of LY12 aluminum alloy in Qionghai for exposure of 10 years,the corrosion equivalent coefficient was 13.39.The maximum corrosion equivalent depth was 87.9μm in Qionghai for exposure of 10 years.The Si segregation in weld zone has important influences on the corrosion performance.The best brazing condition is that the brazing temperature is 610℃,and the holding time is 75 min.At this time,the corrosion equivalent depth of weld accounts for 87.9 percent of weld thickness 100μm after 100 years of atmospheric corrosion,which could meet the requirement of 10 years of corrosion life.When brazing temperature is increased and holding time is prolonged,corrosion occurs to the interface between the substrate and weld,and the corrosion resistance is weakened.
The paper aims to study influences of brazing temperature and heat preservation time on the weld microstructure and corrosion behavior of 3003 aluminum alloy,and predict weld corrosion life of 3003 aluminum alloy through model.In the simulated marine atmosphere,salt spray corrosion method was used to observe micro-morphology and element distribution of weld seam in combination with SEM and EDS.According to the corrosion weight loss and maximum pitting depth,the corrosion resistance of weld was analyzed.A corrosion dynamic model was established.The micro-morphology and element distribution of weld seam was calculated in reference of outdoor exposure corrosion data to predict the corrosion life.The results showed that when the vacuum degree was 3×10~(-3) Pa,with the increase of brazing temperature and prolonging of holding time,the segregation of Si in weld zone was reduced,and the corrosion resistance of the weld was enhanced.Whenthe brazing temperature was kept at 610℃ for 75 min,the weld microstructure was the most uniform,mainly composed of Al and Si element,and contained a small amount Mn and Mg element.And the weld also contained Al-Mn,Mg_2Si and Al_3Mg_2 alloy phases.The dynamic equations of the corrosion weight loss and the maximum pitting depth of the weld were y_1=0.0642t~(0.897) and y_2=0.03t~(1.63),respectively.Compared with the corrosion kinetics equation of LY12 aluminum alloy in Qionghai for exposure of 10 years,the corrosion equivalent coefficient was 13.39.The maximum corrosion equivalent depth was 87.9μm in Qionghai for exposure of 10 years.The Si segregation in weld zone has important influences on the corrosion performance.The best brazing condition is that the brazing temperature is 610℃,and the holding time is 75 min.At this time,the corrosion equivalent depth of weld accounts for 87.9 percent of weld thickness 100μm after 100 years of atmospheric corrosion,which could meet the requirement of 10 years of corrosion life.When brazing temperature is increased and holding time is prolonged,corrosion occurs to the interface between the substrate and weld,and the corrosion resistance is weakened.
引文
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[17]董鹏,孙大千,李洪梅,等.6005A铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的晶间腐蚀行为[J].焊接学报,2014,35(5):105-108.DONG Peng,SUN Da-qian,LI Hong-mei,et al.Intergranular corrosion behavior of 6005A aluminum alloy stirring friction welding head[J].Journal of welding,2014,35(5):105-108.
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[20]张吉阜,严川伟,王福会,等.电镀Al-Mn合金及后续阳极氧化对镁合金防护性能的影响[J].中国表面工程,2012,25(4):62-67.ZHANG Ji-fu,YAN Chuan-wei,WANG Fu-hui,et al.Effect of anodizing of Al-Mn alloy on protective properties of magnesium alloy[J].China surface engineering,2012,25(4):62-67.
[21]曾锋利,卫中领,李劲风,等.Al-Mg-Si合金中Mg2Si和Si粒子在晶间腐蚀过程中的作用机理[J].中国有色金属学报(英文版),2011,21(12):2559-2567.ZENG Feng-li,WEI Zhong-ling,LI Jin-feng,et al.Corrosion mechanism associated with Mg2Si and Si particles in Al-Mg-Si alloys[J].Transactions of nonferrous metals society of China,2011,21(12):2559-2567.
[22]王月,刘国元.船用5A01铝合金厚板的耐腐蚀性能[J].腐蚀与防护,2011,32(7):525-527.WANG Yue,LIU Guo-yuan.Corrosion resistance of 5A01aluminum alloy plate used in manufacturing ships[J].Corrosion and protection,2011,32(7):525-527.
[23]NATESAN M,VENKATACHARI G,PALANISWAMY N.Kinetics of atmospheric corrosion of mild steel,zinc,galvanized iron and aluminum at 10 exposure stations in India[J].Corrosion science,2006,48(11):3584-3608.
[24]孙霜青,郑弃非,李德富,等.LY12铝合金的长期大气腐蚀行为[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2009,29(6):442-446.SUN Shuang-qing,ZHNEG Qi-fei,LI De-fu,et al.Long-term atmospheric corrosion behavior of LY12 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Chinese society for corrosion and protection,2009,29(6):442-446.
[2]朱兆华.铝锰系防锈铝合金的深化应用及其研究[J].矿冶工程,2002,22(3):118-119.ZHU Zhao-hua.The application research of Al-Mnalloy[J].Metallurgical engineering,2002,22(3):118-119.
[3]王彬彬,王振尧,曹公望,等.2024铝合金在中国西部盐湖大气环境中的局部腐蚀行为[J].金属学报,2014,50(1):49-56.WANG Bin-bin,WANG Zhen-yao,CAO Gong-wang,et al.Local corrosion behavior of 2024 aluminum alloy in the atmospheric environment at saline lake in western China[J].Acta metallurgica sinica,2014,50(1):49-56.
[4]董超芳,肖葵,徐琳,等.含氯离子大气环境中7A04铝合金腐蚀及电化学行为研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2011,40(S2):275-279.DONG Chao-fang,XIAO Kui,XU Lin,et al.Corrosion and electrochemical behavior of 7A04 aluminum alloy in atmospheric environment containing chloride ion[J].Rare metal materials and engineering,2011,40(S2):275-279.
[5]刘艳洁,王振尧,柯伟.2024-T3铝合金在模拟海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(5):1208-1216.LIU Yan-jie,WANG Zhen-yao,KE wei.Corrosion behavior of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy in simulated marine atmospheric environment[J].Chinese journal of nonferrous metals,2013,23(5):1208-1216.
[6]CUI Z,LI X,ZHANG H,et al.Atmospheric corrosion behavior of 2A12 aluminum alloy in a tropical marine environment[J].Advances in materials science&engineering,2015,19(4):591-598.
[7]CUI Z Y,LI X G,XIAO K,et al.Atmospheric corrosion behavior of pure Al 1060 in tropical marine environment[J].Corrosion engineering science&technology,2015,50(6):438-448.
[8]陈鑫,田文明,李松梅,等.氯离子和温度对铝合金在冷却液中腐蚀的影响[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2016,42(10):2243-2249.CHEN Xin,TIAN Wen-ming,LI Song-mei,et al.Chloride ions and temperature on influence of aluminum alloy corrosion in cooling fluid[J].Journal of Beijing University of astronautics,2016,42(10):2243-2249.
[9]张丽霞,孟德强,亓钧雷,等.5005铝合金与4J34可伐合金的真空钎焊工艺[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(6):1435-1440.ZHANG Li-xia,MENG De-qiang,QI Jun-lei,et al.The vacuum of brazing process of 5005 aluminum alloy and4J34 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of China nonferrous metals,2015,25(6):1435-1440.
[10]梁宁,沈以赴.活性元素镁对铝合金真空钎焊接头性能的影响[J].焊接学报,2007,28(7):61-64.LING Ning,SHEN Yi-fu.Effect of active element magnesium on the performance of aluminum alloy vacuum brazing head[J].Journal of welding,2007,28(7):61-64.
[11]FENG Tao,WU Lu-hai,LOU Song-nian,et al.DSC analysis of LT-3 aluminum alloy vacuum brazing[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2005,10(2):182-185.
[12]李奇,赵军军,马琳,等.7A52铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的电化学局部腐蚀行为[J].中国表面工程,2010,23(5):78-81.LI Qi,ZHAO Jun-jun,MA Lin,et al.The electrochemical local corrosion behavior of 7A52 aluminum alloy friction stir welding seam[J].China surface engineering,2010,23(5):78-81.
[13]HAN B,CHEN Y,TAO W,et al.Microstructural evolution and interfacial crack corrosion behavior of double-sided laser beam welded 2060/2099 Al-Li alloys T-joints[J].Materials&design,2017,135:353-365.
[14]MA S,ZHAO Y,ZOU J,et al.The effect of laser surface melting on microstructure and corrosion behavior of friction stir welded aluminum alloy 2219[J].Optics&laser technology,2017,96:299-306.
[15]陈朝轶,李玲,王家伟,等.3003铝合金盐雾加速腐蚀行为[J].轻金属,2014(2):54-58.CHEN Chao-yi,LI Ling,WANG Jia-wei,et al.Salt spray accelerated corrosion behavior of 3003 aluminum alloy[J].Light metals,2014(2):54-58.
[16]刘灿威,李龙,周德敬.热交换器用铝合金在钎焊过程中的熔蚀现象[J].轻合金加工技术,2017,45(4):47-55.LIU Can-wei,LI Long,ZHOU De-jing.The corrosion phenomenon of aluminum alloy used heat exchanger in brazing process[J].Light alloy processing technology,2017,45(4):47-55.
[17]董鹏,孙大千,李洪梅,等.6005A铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的晶间腐蚀行为[J].焊接学报,2014,35(5):105-108.DONG Peng,SUN Da-qian,LI Hong-mei,et al.Intergranular corrosion behavior of 6005A aluminum alloy stirring friction welding head[J].Journal of welding,2014,35(5):105-108.
[18]李艳霞,刘俊友,张巨成,等.高硅含量过共晶铝硅合金半固态重熔组织演变[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(9):2287-2294.LI Yan-xia,LIU Jun-you,ZHANG Ju-cheng,et al.The semi-solid remelting microstructure evolution of high silicon content hypereutectic Al-Si alloy[J].Journal of China nonferrous metals,2014,24(9):2287-2294.
[19]冯涛,楼松年,李亚江.LT-3铝合金真空钎焊钎缝微观组织分析[J].机械工程材料,2005,29(6):44-47.FENG Tao,LOU Song-nian,LI Ya-jiang.The microstructure analysis of LT-3 aluminum alloy weld in vacuum brazing process[J].Mechanical engineering materials,2005,29(6):44-47.
[20]张吉阜,严川伟,王福会,等.电镀Al-Mn合金及后续阳极氧化对镁合金防护性能的影响[J].中国表面工程,2012,25(4):62-67.ZHANG Ji-fu,YAN Chuan-wei,WANG Fu-hui,et al.Effect of anodizing of Al-Mn alloy on protective properties of magnesium alloy[J].China surface engineering,2012,25(4):62-67.
[21]曾锋利,卫中领,李劲风,等.Al-Mg-Si合金中Mg2Si和Si粒子在晶间腐蚀过程中的作用机理[J].中国有色金属学报(英文版),2011,21(12):2559-2567.ZENG Feng-li,WEI Zhong-ling,LI Jin-feng,et al.Corrosion mechanism associated with Mg2Si and Si particles in Al-Mg-Si alloys[J].Transactions of nonferrous metals society of China,2011,21(12):2559-2567.
[22]王月,刘国元.船用5A01铝合金厚板的耐腐蚀性能[J].腐蚀与防护,2011,32(7):525-527.WANG Yue,LIU Guo-yuan.Corrosion resistance of 5A01aluminum alloy plate used in manufacturing ships[J].Corrosion and protection,2011,32(7):525-527.
[23]NATESAN M,VENKATACHARI G,PALANISWAMY N.Kinetics of atmospheric corrosion of mild steel,zinc,galvanized iron and aluminum at 10 exposure stations in India[J].Corrosion science,2006,48(11):3584-3608.
[24]孙霜青,郑弃非,李德富,等.LY12铝合金的长期大气腐蚀行为[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2009,29(6):442-446.SUN Shuang-qing,ZHNEG Qi-fei,LI De-fu,et al.Long-term atmospheric corrosion behavior of LY12 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Chinese society for corrosion and protection,2009,29(6):442-446.