树商陆:潮湿的潘帕斯大草原景观的实践与表达
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摘要
学名为Phytolacca dioica的树种将会贯穿全文。此树种在乌拉圭的通用名叫做树商陆,是本研究缘起的核心。它是潘帕斯大草原的标志性物种,也是乌拉圭景观特质的基础。树商陆在研究和教育工作领域的目标和意义在于将艺术、人类、社会和自然科学联系起来。对树商陆在潘帕斯大草原湿润气候下所表现出的景观价值进行研究。提高了公众对自然元素同景观价值、地方故事间关系的认知度和敏感度。这加强了对遗产以及领土和文化融合的集体责任感。理论往往需要适用于方法论,并协作实践性的工作。例如现场活动与ICT(门户网站http://www.ombues.edu.uy)的相互关联,这便如不断往返于科学文化的普及与流行文化的智慧,用跨学科的方式建构知识。
Phytolacca dioica is the scientific name of the plant species that serves as a thread in this story.Ombu tree is its common name in Uruguay, the focus of origin of this study. It is an emblematic species of the Pampa and it is fundamental in the Uruguayan landscape identity. The ombu tree is a purpose and a means of a research and education work that links art with human, social and natural sciences. This work studies the extrapolation of ombu tree qualities to landscape values that are expressed in practices,knowledge and representations associated with the humid Pampas. This project raises awareness and sensitizes about the value of landscapes and local stories in interaction with natural components. This strengthens the collective responsibility towards our heritage, as well as territorial and cultural integration.The conceptual premises are applied to the methodology and a collaborative work strategy is followed.In-person activities are linked with ICT(content portal www.ombúes.edu.uy). There is a continuous roundtrip between the popularization of scientific culture and the wisdom of popular culture, building knowledge in a transdisciplinary way.
Phytolacca dioica is the scientific name of the plant species that serves as a thread in this story.Ombu tree is its common name in Uruguay, the focus of origin of this study. It is an emblematic species of the Pampa and it is fundamental in the Uruguayan landscape identity. The ombu tree is a purpose and a means of a research and education work that links art with human, social and natural sciences. This work studies the extrapolation of ombu tree qualities to landscape values that are expressed in practices,knowledge and representations associated with the humid Pampas. This project raises awareness and sensitizes about the value of landscapes and local stories in interaction with natural components. This strengthens the collective responsibility towards our heritage, as well as territorial and cultural integration.The conceptual premises are applied to the methodology and a collaborative work strategy is followed.In-person activities are linked with ICT(content portal www.ombúes.edu.uy). There is a continuous roundtrip between the popularization of scientific culture and the wisdom of popular culture, building knowledge in a transdisciplinary way.
引文
[1]VIDART D.Uruguay,país encrucijada[J].Revista Geoespacion,1998:17.
[2]BERQUE A.Motivation paysagère[M]//BERQUE A,CONANM,DONADIEU P,et al.La mouvance,du jardin au territoire.Cinquante mots pour le paysage.Paris:Editions de La Villette,1999.
[3]LUGINBüHL Y.La mise en scène du monde.Construction du paysage européen[M].Paris:CNRS,2012:250.
[4]VALLARINO A.Natura naturata.Especies de espacios asociados al ombú[M/OL]//VALLARINO A,ROCCA T,OMBúes.Prácticas y representaciones.Montevideo:Museo Figari,Ministerio de Educación y Cultura,2016:11-45.
[5]DUMAS R.Traitéde l’arbre.Essai d’une philosophie occidental[R].Arlès:Actes Sud,2002:235.
[6]VALLARINO A.Anatomía artística de los vegetales[M]//VALLARINO P C.Anatomía artística de los vegetales.Montevideo:Instituto de Dise?o,Facultad de Arquitectura,Universidad de la República,2014:21-33.
[7]SCHAMA S.Le paysage&la mémoire[J].Revue de Géographie Alpine,1999:112
[8]MUCCHIELLI A.Dictionnaire des méthodes qualitatives en sciences humaines[M].Paris:Armand Colin,2004:23-24.
[9]MORIN E.La méthode 3.La connaissance de la connaissance[M].Paris:Editions du Seuil,1986.
[10]VALLARINO A.OMBúes:Valores asociados a la naturaleza[EB/OL].(2015-12-09)[2018-05-07].www.ombues.edu.uy.
[11]BESSE,J.-M.Cartographier,construire,inventer.Notes pour uneépistémologie de la démarche de projet[J].Les Carnets du paysage.2001(7):126-145.
[12]PéREZ CASTELLANO M.Observaciones sobre agricultura[M].Montevideo:Benjamín Fernández y Medina,1914.
[13]MU?OZ J,ROSS P,CRACCO P.Flora indígena del Uruguay.árboles y arbustos ornamentales[J].Montevideo:Hemisferio Sur,1993:150-151.
[14]LOMBARDO A.Losárboles cultivados en los paseos públicos[M].Montevideo:Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo,1979.
[15]LAHITTE H,HURRELL,VALLA.Plantas medicinales rioplatenses[M].Buenos Aires:L.O.L.A,1998:174.
[16]HUDSON W.El ombúy otros cuentos rioplatenses[M].Buenos Aires:Espasa-Calpe,1995.
[17]BARRáN J.Tomo I:la cultura bárbara(1800-1860)[M]//Historia de la sensibilidad en el Uruguay.Montevideo:EBO/Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias,1990..
[18]BARRáN J.Tomo II:El disciplinamiento(1860-1920)[M]//Historia de la sensibilidad en el Uruguay.Montevideo:EBO/Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias,1990.
[19]LOMBARDO A.Nuestra Tierra n.27(nov.1969)árboles y arbustos[J].Nuestra Tierra(1969-1970),1969:13-16.
[20]MU?OZ J.Monumentos vegetales de la ciudad de Montevideo[M].Montevideo:Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo,1992:285.
(1)在西班牙语中,动词“to be”被分解为两个动词“ser”和“estar”。
(2)“Pampa”来源于克丘亚语,意思是“平坦的表面”。
(3)在乌拉圭,共和国大学是最重要的高等教育和研究机构。它还开展活动,目的是传播文化,并为知识提供具有社会价值的用途。“这是一个由教师,学生和毕业生自主共同管理的公共机构”;引自http://www.universidad.edu.uy。
(4)参与者:共和国大学建筑,设计和城市规划学院:哲学博士学位,安娜·瓦拉里诺(Ana Vallarino,主管、首席研究员);建筑学学士,劳拉·皮罗科(Laura Pirrocco);学士,莱安德罗·雷蒙迪(Leandro Reimundi);建筑学专业,克劳蒂亚·科斯塔(Claudia Costa);学士,桑提亚格·芬特(Santiago Ventós,助理)/农学硕士,建筑学,莱蒂西亚·德拉维加(Leticia de la Vega)(分机号2014-2015);娜塔莉亚·坎波斯(Natalia Campos)(助理,2015年);法比安娜·奥蒂萨(Fabiana Oteiza)(助理,2014年)/农学硕士巴勃罗·罗斯(Pablo Ross,植物学咨询专家自民党种族公民平等联盟)/加布里埃拉·斯波罗尼(Gabriela Speroni);(植物学咨询专家费格罗)/辛西娅·奥尔金(Cynthia Olguin)(视觉传达设计FADU,乌德拉,2014-2015);尼古拉斯·托雷斯(Nicolás Torres,电脑开发人员FADU,乌德拉,2014-2015)/国际镍业公司:硕士.拉奎尔·索萨(Raquel Sosa,主管工程学生);工程系学生:弗吉尼亚·耶米尼(Virginia Yemini)和玛蒂娜·塞尼瑞斯(Martina Se?oris,应用程序设计师);莱昂纳多·维达尔(Leonardo Vidal,2014)/LDCV:博士,塞巴斯蒂安·苏亚雷斯(Sebastián Suárez)和达里奥·因弗尼齐/塑料艺术家费尔南多·斯蒂文纳齐(Fernando Stevenazzi,2016-2017)。
(5)“每年的五月份,我们都会通过各种适合各类公众的活动来庆祝乌拉圭发展起来的科学和技术,以激发人们对知识的热爱和后代的使命感”,引自http://www.semanacyt.org.uy/。
(6)地球上的每个地区/它有一个突出的特点:/巴西的烈日;/秘鲁的银矿,/蒙得维的亚的山丘;/布宜诺斯艾利斯-美丽的家园/伟大的潘帕斯大草原;/草原上有树商陆。
(7)(1743-1815)蒙得维的亚,牧师,政治家,农民,那个时代伟大的自学成才的学者。
(8)严格意义上说不是这样的:隆巴多澄清它不是起源于乌拉圭,而是说我们的国家只覆盖它的分散区域(隆巴多,1969年)。
(9)潘帕斯特有的居民,熟练的骑手,过着简朴的生活,他们的生活与牛联系在一起,食用牛肉和使用皮革。
(10)残破荒芜的牧场。
11出售日常用品的商店,主要是食用的。
12胡里奥·凯撒·卡斯特罗(1928-2003):乌拉圭人,作家、演员和剧作家。
13(1841-1922)自然主义者和阿根廷出身的英国作家。他曾在乌拉圭生活过一段时间(当时是东岸地区),在他的作品中巧妙地体现了当时的乡下和战争气氛以及高乔人的特质。
14(1878-1937)乌拉圭说书人、剧作家和诗人。
15路易斯·洛伦佐·多米尼格斯(1819-1898),阿根廷诗人、记者和政治家。
16(1834-1886)军事记者、诗人和阿根廷政治家。
17“在经历了这么多的痛苦和危险的焦虑之后,我们平安地到达,看到一座小山并最终踏上了树商陆生长的土地”。
18对巴西作者的研究尚未进行深入研究。
19(1884-1960)弗朗哥(Franco)-乌拉圭诗人兼作家。
20(1861-1938)著名的乌拉圭画家,律师,政治家和作家。
21 Baobad被安东尼·德·圣埃克苏佩里在“小王子”(1943年)中永生不朽。
22乌拉圭作家胡安·约瑟夫·莫罗索利(Juan JoséMorosoli,1899-1957)。
23摄影师,于1970年出生于乌拉圭的马尔多纳多。
24“就像空气中的康乃馨花香一样,她是如此,就像花朵一样/在我的心里。/······在这个地区,/就像树商陆/独处而不开花/我也是这样的;在痛苦中煎熬/我生活的那些年里,/就像这个地区的树商陆/······”。像空中的香气一样,/她是如此/就像花一样/在我心中。//[在这个地区,/就像一棵树商陆/孤独寂寞,没有一朵花,/我也是;/痛苦的受害者/在我生活的年代,/就像一棵树商陆/长在这个地区”。Silva Valdés和Filiberto作曲,Gardel翻译。
25(1887-1975)乌拉圭诗人,作曲家和剧作家。
26有人说,在其根部埋藏着宝藏,是在对拉普拉塔河区域的沉船救援时发现的。
27图1来自军事地理服务;图2、4~5由作者自摄;图3、6~8来自OMBúes展览目录集,费加里博物馆,2016年;图9来自乌拉圭摄影中心。
(1)in Spanish the verb“to be”is enriched by breaking down into two verbs“ser”and“estar”.
(2)“Pampa”derives from a Quechua word that means"flat surface”.
(3)In Uruguay,the Universidad de la República is the most important institution of higher education and research.It also carries out activities with the purpose of spreading the culture and giving a socially valuable use to knowledge.“It is a publicinstitution,autonomous and co-governed by its teachers,students and graduates”;cited from http://www.universidad.edu.uy.
(4)PARTICIPANTS:idD FADU Udelar[please aupdate]:Ph.D.Ana Vallarino(in charge;Lead Researcher);Dip.Arch.Laura Pirrocco;Bach.Leandro Reimundi;Arch.Claudia Costa;Bach.Santiago Ventós/Mag.Arq.Leticia de la Vega(Ext.colab.2014-2015);Natalia Campos(assistant year 2015);Fabiana Oteiza(assistant year 2014)/Ing.Agr.Pablo Ross(botanical advice ldp CURE)/Gabriela Speroni botanical advice fagro)/Cynthia Olguin(visual communication design fadu Udelar,2014-2015);Nicolás Torres(computer developer fadu Udelar,2014-2015/INCO fing:Ing.Raquel Sosa(in charge of engineering students);engineering students:Virginia Yemini and Martina Se?oris(app designers);Leonardo Vidal(2014)/LDCV:Prof.Sebastián Suárez and Darío Invernizzi/plastic artist Fernando Stevenazzi(2016-2017).
(5)“Every year during the month of May we celebrate the science and technology developed in Uruguay through various activities suitable for all types of public in order to inspire the enjoyment of knowledge and the vocation of future generations”;cited from http://www.semanacyt.org.uy/.
(6)Each region on earth/It has a prominent feature:/Brazil,its burning sun;/Silver Mines,Peru,/Montevideo,its hill;/Buenos Aires-patria hermosa_/It has its great pampas;/the pampa has the ombú.
(7)(Montevideo,1743-1815)priest,politician,farmer and great self-taught scholar,of great importance in his time.
(8)In a strict sense it is not like this:Lombardo clarifies that it did not originate in Uruguay,but that our country covers only its area of dispersion(Lombardo,1969).
(9)Characteristic inhabitant of the Pampa,skillful rider,of transhumant life,with his life tied to the cattle works,to the consumption of the meat and to the use of the leather.
(10)dilapidated and abandoned ranch.
11 Store where items of daily use were sold,mainly edible.
12 Julio César Castro(1928-2003):Uruguayan writer,actor and playwright.
13(1841-1922)Naturalist and English writer of Argentine origin.He lived for a time in Uruguay(then Banda Oriental)and masterfully embodied in his work the rural and warlike atmosphere of the time as well as the idiosyncrasy of the gaucho.
14(1878-1937)Uruguayan storyteller,playwright and poet.
15 Luis Lorenzo Domínguez(1819-1898),Argentine poet,journalist and politician.
16(1834-1886)military,journalist,poet and Argentine politician
17“After a lot of suffering a very dangerous concern,we reach with health to see a hill and finally step on the land where the ombúgrows”.
18 The study of Brazilian authors has not yet been studied in depth.
19(1884-1960)Franco-Uruguayan poet and writer.
20(1861-1938)prominent Uruguayan painter,lawyer,politician and writer.
21 The Baobad was immortalized by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry in Le Petit Prince(1943).
22 Juan JoséMorosoli,Uruguayan writer(1899-1957).
23 Photographer born in Maldonado,Uruguay,in 1970.
24“Como el clavel del aire,/asíera ella,/igual que la flor/prendida en mi corazón./…/En esta región,/igual que un ombú/solito y sin flor,/asíera yo;/y presa del dolor/los a?os viví,/igual que un ombú/en esta región…”.Like the air plan,/so was she,/like the flower/on my heart.//[In this region,/like an ombú/alone and without a flower,/so was I;/and prey of pain/the years I lived,/like an ombú/in this region”SILVAVALDéS F and FILIBERTO J D(composers);GARDEL C(interpreter).Clavel del aire.Montevideo,1929.
25(1887-1975)Uruguayan poet,composer and playwright.
26 It was said that under its roots there was a buried treasure,the result of the rescue of the wrecks that were in that area of the Río de la Plata.
27 Fig.1?Servicio Geográfico Militar;Fig.2,4,5?autor;Fig.3,6~8?OMBúes exhibition catalog,Figari Museum 2016;Fig.9?Centro de Fotografía,Uruguay.
[2]BERQUE A.Motivation paysagère[M]//BERQUE A,CONANM,DONADIEU P,et al.La mouvance,du jardin au territoire.Cinquante mots pour le paysage.Paris:Editions de La Villette,1999.
[3]LUGINBüHL Y.La mise en scène du monde.Construction du paysage européen[M].Paris:CNRS,2012:250.
[4]VALLARINO A.Natura naturata.Especies de espacios asociados al ombú[M/OL]//VALLARINO A,ROCCA T,OMBúes.Prácticas y representaciones.Montevideo:Museo Figari,Ministerio de Educación y Cultura,2016:11-45.
[5]DUMAS R.Traitéde l’arbre.Essai d’une philosophie occidental[R].Arlès:Actes Sud,2002:235.
[6]VALLARINO A.Anatomía artística de los vegetales[M]//VALLARINO P C.Anatomía artística de los vegetales.Montevideo:Instituto de Dise?o,Facultad de Arquitectura,Universidad de la República,2014:21-33.
[7]SCHAMA S.Le paysage&la mémoire[J].Revue de Géographie Alpine,1999:112
[8]MUCCHIELLI A.Dictionnaire des méthodes qualitatives en sciences humaines[M].Paris:Armand Colin,2004:23-24.
[9]MORIN E.La méthode 3.La connaissance de la connaissance[M].Paris:Editions du Seuil,1986.
[10]VALLARINO A.OMBúes:Valores asociados a la naturaleza[EB/OL].(2015-12-09)[2018-05-07].www.ombues.edu.uy.
[11]BESSE,J.-M.Cartographier,construire,inventer.Notes pour uneépistémologie de la démarche de projet[J].Les Carnets du paysage.2001(7):126-145.
[12]PéREZ CASTELLANO M.Observaciones sobre agricultura[M].Montevideo:Benjamín Fernández y Medina,1914.
[13]MU?OZ J,ROSS P,CRACCO P.Flora indígena del Uruguay.árboles y arbustos ornamentales[J].Montevideo:Hemisferio Sur,1993:150-151.
[14]LOMBARDO A.Losárboles cultivados en los paseos públicos[M].Montevideo:Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo,1979.
[15]LAHITTE H,HURRELL,VALLA.Plantas medicinales rioplatenses[M].Buenos Aires:L.O.L.A,1998:174.
[16]HUDSON W.El ombúy otros cuentos rioplatenses[M].Buenos Aires:Espasa-Calpe,1995.
[17]BARRáN J.Tomo I:la cultura bárbara(1800-1860)[M]//Historia de la sensibilidad en el Uruguay.Montevideo:EBO/Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias,1990..
[18]BARRáN J.Tomo II:El disciplinamiento(1860-1920)[M]//Historia de la sensibilidad en el Uruguay.Montevideo:EBO/Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias,1990.
[19]LOMBARDO A.Nuestra Tierra n.27(nov.1969)árboles y arbustos[J].Nuestra Tierra(1969-1970),1969:13-16.
[20]MU?OZ J.Monumentos vegetales de la ciudad de Montevideo[M].Montevideo:Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo,1992:285.
(1)在西班牙语中,动词“to be”被分解为两个动词“ser”和“estar”。
(2)“Pampa”来源于克丘亚语,意思是“平坦的表面”。
(3)在乌拉圭,共和国大学是最重要的高等教育和研究机构。它还开展活动,目的是传播文化,并为知识提供具有社会价值的用途。“这是一个由教师,学生和毕业生自主共同管理的公共机构”;引自http://www.universidad.edu.uy。
(4)参与者:共和国大学建筑,设计和城市规划学院:哲学博士学位,安娜·瓦拉里诺(Ana Vallarino,主管、首席研究员);建筑学学士,劳拉·皮罗科(Laura Pirrocco);学士,莱安德罗·雷蒙迪(Leandro Reimundi);建筑学专业,克劳蒂亚·科斯塔(Claudia Costa);学士,桑提亚格·芬特(Santiago Ventós,助理)/农学硕士,建筑学,莱蒂西亚·德拉维加(Leticia de la Vega)(分机号2014-2015);娜塔莉亚·坎波斯(Natalia Campos)(助理,2015年);法比安娜·奥蒂萨(Fabiana Oteiza)(助理,2014年)/农学硕士巴勃罗·罗斯(Pablo Ross,植物学咨询专家自民党种族公民平等联盟)/加布里埃拉·斯波罗尼(Gabriela Speroni);(植物学咨询专家费格罗)/辛西娅·奥尔金(Cynthia Olguin)(视觉传达设计FADU,乌德拉,2014-2015);尼古拉斯·托雷斯(Nicolás Torres,电脑开发人员FADU,乌德拉,2014-2015)/国际镍业公司:硕士.拉奎尔·索萨(Raquel Sosa,主管工程学生);工程系学生:弗吉尼亚·耶米尼(Virginia Yemini)和玛蒂娜·塞尼瑞斯(Martina Se?oris,应用程序设计师);莱昂纳多·维达尔(Leonardo Vidal,2014)/LDCV:博士,塞巴斯蒂安·苏亚雷斯(Sebastián Suárez)和达里奥·因弗尼齐/塑料艺术家费尔南多·斯蒂文纳齐(Fernando Stevenazzi,2016-2017)。
(5)“每年的五月份,我们都会通过各种适合各类公众的活动来庆祝乌拉圭发展起来的科学和技术,以激发人们对知识的热爱和后代的使命感”,引自http://www.semanacyt.org.uy/。
(6)地球上的每个地区/它有一个突出的特点:/巴西的烈日;/秘鲁的银矿,/蒙得维的亚的山丘;/布宜诺斯艾利斯-美丽的家园/伟大的潘帕斯大草原;/草原上有树商陆。
(7)(1743-1815)蒙得维的亚,牧师,政治家,农民,那个时代伟大的自学成才的学者。
(8)严格意义上说不是这样的:隆巴多澄清它不是起源于乌拉圭,而是说我们的国家只覆盖它的分散区域(隆巴多,1969年)。
(9)潘帕斯特有的居民,熟练的骑手,过着简朴的生活,他们的生活与牛联系在一起,食用牛肉和使用皮革。
(10)残破荒芜的牧场。
11出售日常用品的商店,主要是食用的。
12胡里奥·凯撒·卡斯特罗(1928-2003):乌拉圭人,作家、演员和剧作家。
13(1841-1922)自然主义者和阿根廷出身的英国作家。他曾在乌拉圭生活过一段时间(当时是东岸地区),在他的作品中巧妙地体现了当时的乡下和战争气氛以及高乔人的特质。
14(1878-1937)乌拉圭说书人、剧作家和诗人。
15路易斯·洛伦佐·多米尼格斯(1819-1898),阿根廷诗人、记者和政治家。
16(1834-1886)军事记者、诗人和阿根廷政治家。
17“在经历了这么多的痛苦和危险的焦虑之后,我们平安地到达,看到一座小山并最终踏上了树商陆生长的土地”。
18对巴西作者的研究尚未进行深入研究。
19(1884-1960)弗朗哥(Franco)-乌拉圭诗人兼作家。
20(1861-1938)著名的乌拉圭画家,律师,政治家和作家。
21 Baobad被安东尼·德·圣埃克苏佩里在“小王子”(1943年)中永生不朽。
22乌拉圭作家胡安·约瑟夫·莫罗索利(Juan JoséMorosoli,1899-1957)。
23摄影师,于1970年出生于乌拉圭的马尔多纳多。
24“就像空气中的康乃馨花香一样,她是如此,就像花朵一样/在我的心里。/······在这个地区,/就像树商陆/独处而不开花/我也是这样的;在痛苦中煎熬/我生活的那些年里,/就像这个地区的树商陆/······”。像空中的香气一样,/她是如此/就像花一样/在我心中。//[在这个地区,/就像一棵树商陆/孤独寂寞,没有一朵花,/我也是;/痛苦的受害者/在我生活的年代,/就像一棵树商陆/长在这个地区”。Silva Valdés和Filiberto作曲,Gardel翻译。
25(1887-1975)乌拉圭诗人,作曲家和剧作家。
26有人说,在其根部埋藏着宝藏,是在对拉普拉塔河区域的沉船救援时发现的。
27图1来自军事地理服务;图2、4~5由作者自摄;图3、6~8来自OMBúes展览目录集,费加里博物馆,2016年;图9来自乌拉圭摄影中心。
(1)in Spanish the verb“to be”is enriched by breaking down into two verbs“ser”and“estar”.
(2)“Pampa”derives from a Quechua word that means"flat surface”.
(3)In Uruguay,the Universidad de la República is the most important institution of higher education and research.It also carries out activities with the purpose of spreading the culture and giving a socially valuable use to knowledge.“It is a publicinstitution,autonomous and co-governed by its teachers,students and graduates”;cited from http://www.universidad.edu.uy.
(4)PARTICIPANTS:idD FADU Udelar[please aupdate]:Ph.D.Ana Vallarino(in charge;Lead Researcher);Dip.Arch.Laura Pirrocco;Bach.Leandro Reimundi;Arch.Claudia Costa;Bach.Santiago Ventós/Mag.Arq.Leticia de la Vega(Ext.colab.2014-2015);Natalia Campos(assistant year 2015);Fabiana Oteiza(assistant year 2014)/Ing.Agr.Pablo Ross(botanical advice ldp CURE)/Gabriela Speroni botanical advice fagro)/Cynthia Olguin(visual communication design fadu Udelar,2014-2015);Nicolás Torres(computer developer fadu Udelar,2014-2015/INCO fing:Ing.Raquel Sosa(in charge of engineering students);engineering students:Virginia Yemini and Martina Se?oris(app designers);Leonardo Vidal(2014)/LDCV:Prof.Sebastián Suárez and Darío Invernizzi/plastic artist Fernando Stevenazzi(2016-2017).
(5)“Every year during the month of May we celebrate the science and technology developed in Uruguay through various activities suitable for all types of public in order to inspire the enjoyment of knowledge and the vocation of future generations”;cited from http://www.semanacyt.org.uy/.
(6)Each region on earth/It has a prominent feature:/Brazil,its burning sun;/Silver Mines,Peru,/Montevideo,its hill;/Buenos Aires-patria hermosa_/It has its great pampas;/the pampa has the ombú.
(7)(Montevideo,1743-1815)priest,politician,farmer and great self-taught scholar,of great importance in his time.
(8)In a strict sense it is not like this:Lombardo clarifies that it did not originate in Uruguay,but that our country covers only its area of dispersion(Lombardo,1969).
(9)Characteristic inhabitant of the Pampa,skillful rider,of transhumant life,with his life tied to the cattle works,to the consumption of the meat and to the use of the leather.
(10)dilapidated and abandoned ranch.
11 Store where items of daily use were sold,mainly edible.
12 Julio César Castro(1928-2003):Uruguayan writer,actor and playwright.
13(1841-1922)Naturalist and English writer of Argentine origin.He lived for a time in Uruguay(then Banda Oriental)and masterfully embodied in his work the rural and warlike atmosphere of the time as well as the idiosyncrasy of the gaucho.
14(1878-1937)Uruguayan storyteller,playwright and poet.
15 Luis Lorenzo Domínguez(1819-1898),Argentine poet,journalist and politician.
16(1834-1886)military,journalist,poet and Argentine politician
17“After a lot of suffering a very dangerous concern,we reach with health to see a hill and finally step on the land where the ombúgrows”.
18 The study of Brazilian authors has not yet been studied in depth.
19(1884-1960)Franco-Uruguayan poet and writer.
20(1861-1938)prominent Uruguayan painter,lawyer,politician and writer.
21 The Baobad was immortalized by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry in Le Petit Prince(1943).
22 Juan JoséMorosoli,Uruguayan writer(1899-1957).
23 Photographer born in Maldonado,Uruguay,in 1970.
24“Como el clavel del aire,/asíera ella,/igual que la flor/prendida en mi corazón./…/En esta región,/igual que un ombú/solito y sin flor,/asíera yo;/y presa del dolor/los a?os viví,/igual que un ombú/en esta región…”.Like the air plan,/so was she,/like the flower/on my heart.//[In this region,/like an ombú/alone and without a flower,/so was I;/and prey of pain/the years I lived,/like an ombú/in this region”SILVAVALDéS F and FILIBERTO J D(composers);GARDEL C(interpreter).Clavel del aire.Montevideo,1929.
25(1887-1975)Uruguayan poet,composer and playwright.
26 It was said that under its roots there was a buried treasure,the result of the rescue of the wrecks that were in that area of the Río de la Plata.
27 Fig.1?Servicio Geográfico Militar;Fig.2,4,5?autor;Fig.3,6~8?OMBúes exhibition catalog,Figari Museum 2016;Fig.9?Centro de Fotografía,Uruguay.