有源声呐距离维波束形成方法
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摘要
针对脉冲压缩处理所获得的距离分辨率和干扰抑制能力不足的问题,提出了有源声呐距离维波束形成方法。该方法从单个脉冲回波的频域输出中提取多组子带分量,每个子带分量的中心频率形成等差数列,对应的相移形成复指数等比数列(可类比于均匀直线阵的阵列流形向量)。根据这一特点,使用多组子带分量构建协方差矩阵,根据中心频率设计距离维加权向量,建立了距离维波束形成模型。给出了距离维常规波束形成和距离维自适应波束形成的表达式、处理流程,对距离分辨率和干扰抑制能力进行了分析。利用数值仿真和水池实验证明,距离维常规波束形成可获得与脉冲压缩处理类似的距离分辨率,而距离维自适应波束形成可获得更高的距离分辨率和更优的距离维干扰抑制能力。
To improve the range resolution and suppress range-dimensional interferences,we proposed a new beamformer for active sonar signal processing,which is termed as the range-dimensional beamformer.The proposed beamformer extracts several sub-band components from single echo of the active sonar.Due to the frequency gaps between these sub-band components,their phase shifts form a complex geometric series,which is similar to the array manifold vector of a uniform linear array.Accordingly,borrowing from the traditional angle-dimensional beamformer,we propose the range-dimensional beamformer which can form a beampattern in the range dimension.The corresponding sample covariance matrix is constructed directly from the sub-band components;and the scanning vector is calculated according to their phase shifts at the center frequencies.We give both the expressions and processing procedures of the rangedimensional conventional beamformer and the range-dimensional adaptive beamformer.Furthermore,we give analyses on the processing performance of the range-dimensional beamformer.Numerical simulations and a tank experiment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed range-dimensional beamformer.
To improve the range resolution and suppress range-dimensional interferences,we proposed a new beamformer for active sonar signal processing,which is termed as the range-dimensional beamformer.The proposed beamformer extracts several sub-band components from single echo of the active sonar.Due to the frequency gaps between these sub-band components,their phase shifts form a complex geometric series,which is similar to the array manifold vector of a uniform linear array.Accordingly,borrowing from the traditional angle-dimensional beamformer,we propose the range-dimensional beamformer which can form a beampattern in the range dimension.The corresponding sample covariance matrix is constructed directly from the sub-band components;and the scanning vector is calculated according to their phase shifts at the center frequencies.We give both the expressions and processing procedures of the rangedimensional conventional beamformer and the range-dimensional adaptive beamformer.Furthermore,we give analyses on the processing performance of the range-dimensional beamformer.Numerical simulations and a tank experiment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed range-dimensional beamformer.
引文
1 Baggeroer A B.Sonar arrays and array processing.AIP Conference Proceedings,AIP,2005; 760(1):3—24
2朱埜,陈庚.有源声呐检测的信息原理.声学学报,1983;8(3):168—178
3张驰,马晓川,吴永清,张舒皓,詹飞.采用混响杂波比估计的有源声呐波形杂波抑制性能评价方法.声学学报,2018; 43(4):565-574
4潘翔,郭小虎,张江帆,徐文.多输入多输出与时反联合的波导声纳有源目标定位·声学学报,2013;38(5):541-547
5刘雄厚,孙超,杨益新,卓颉.单基地多输入多输出声呐的方位分辨力.声学学报,2016;41(2):163-173
6程雪,王英民.密布式多输入多输出声呐阵列目标波达方向估计.声学学报,2018;43(4):633—645
7 Liu X H,Sun C,Yang Y X et al.High-range-resolution two-dimensional imaging using frequency diversity multiple-input—multiple-output sonar.IET Radar Sonar Nav.,2016; 10(5):983—991
8 Chen L,Liu X H,Yang Y X.et al.Range sidelobe suppression for FD-MIMO sonar imaging with FDCW pulses.IEEE OCEANS'16 Monterey,2016:1—5
9 Liu X H,Sun C,Yang Y X,Zhuo J.Range sidelobe suppression for FD-MIMO sonar imaging using multi-ping amplitude weighting.IEEE OCEANS'17 Aberdeen,UK,2017:1-4
10 Rabideau D J.Nonlinear synthetic wideband waveforms.In:Proc.IEEE Radar Conf.,2002:212—219
11 Levanon N.Stepped-frequency pulse-train radar signal.IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navigation,2002;194(6):297—309
12 Levanon N,Mozeson E.Nullifying ACF grating lobes in stepped-frequency train of LFM pulses.IEEE Trans.Aerosp.Electron.Syst.,2003; 39(2):694—703
13 Gladkova I,Chebanov D.Grating lobes suppression in stepped-frequency pulse.IEEE Trans.Aerosp.Electron,Syst.,2008; 44(4):1265-1275
14 Kim K T.Focusing of high range resolution profiles of mov-ing targets using stepped frequency waveforms.IET Radar Sonar Nav.,2010; 4(4):564-575
15 Liu X H,Sun C,Yang Y X,et al. Low sidelobe range profile synthesis for sonar imaging using stepped-frequency pulses.IEEE Geosci.Remote Sens,lett.,2017; 14(2):218—221
16 Liu X,Sun C,Yang Y et al.Underwater high-resolution range-dimension imaging using comb spectrum signal.IEEE OCEANS 2016,Shanghai,2016:1—5
17刘雄厚,孙超,杨益新等.主动声纳距离维波束形成.声学技术,2017; 36(5 Pt.2):369-370
18杨晴,王良,李倩茹等.互谱域MVDR自适应时延估计方法研究.应用声学,2015; 34(4):291—296
2朱埜,陈庚.有源声呐检测的信息原理.声学学报,1983;8(3):168—178
3张驰,马晓川,吴永清,张舒皓,詹飞.采用混响杂波比估计的有源声呐波形杂波抑制性能评价方法.声学学报,2018; 43(4):565-574
4潘翔,郭小虎,张江帆,徐文.多输入多输出与时反联合的波导声纳有源目标定位·声学学报,2013;38(5):541-547
5刘雄厚,孙超,杨益新,卓颉.单基地多输入多输出声呐的方位分辨力.声学学报,2016;41(2):163-173
6程雪,王英民.密布式多输入多输出声呐阵列目标波达方向估计.声学学报,2018;43(4):633—645
7 Liu X H,Sun C,Yang Y X et al.High-range-resolution two-dimensional imaging using frequency diversity multiple-input—multiple-output sonar.IET Radar Sonar Nav.,2016; 10(5):983—991
8 Chen L,Liu X H,Yang Y X.et al.Range sidelobe suppression for FD-MIMO sonar imaging with FDCW pulses.IEEE OCEANS'16 Monterey,2016:1—5
9 Liu X H,Sun C,Yang Y X,Zhuo J.Range sidelobe suppression for FD-MIMO sonar imaging using multi-ping amplitude weighting.IEEE OCEANS'17 Aberdeen,UK,2017:1-4
10 Rabideau D J.Nonlinear synthetic wideband waveforms.In:Proc.IEEE Radar Conf.,2002:212—219
11 Levanon N.Stepped-frequency pulse-train radar signal.IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navigation,2002;194(6):297—309
12 Levanon N,Mozeson E.Nullifying ACF grating lobes in stepped-frequency train of LFM pulses.IEEE Trans.Aerosp.Electron.Syst.,2003; 39(2):694—703
13 Gladkova I,Chebanov D.Grating lobes suppression in stepped-frequency pulse.IEEE Trans.Aerosp.Electron,Syst.,2008; 44(4):1265-1275
14 Kim K T.Focusing of high range resolution profiles of mov-ing targets using stepped frequency waveforms.IET Radar Sonar Nav.,2010; 4(4):564-575
15 Liu X H,Sun C,Yang Y X,et al. Low sidelobe range profile synthesis for sonar imaging using stepped-frequency pulses.IEEE Geosci.Remote Sens,lett.,2017; 14(2):218—221
16 Liu X,Sun C,Yang Y et al.Underwater high-resolution range-dimension imaging using comb spectrum signal.IEEE OCEANS 2016,Shanghai,2016:1—5
17刘雄厚,孙超,杨益新等.主动声纳距离维波束形成.声学技术,2017; 36(5 Pt.2):369-370
18杨晴,王良,李倩茹等.互谱域MVDR自适应时延估计方法研究.应用声学,2015; 34(4):291—296