Hadley环流上升支演变特征及其与低纬大气臭氧变化的关系
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摘要
利用最新的NCEP/NCAR的逐月平均风场资料及ECMWF的逐月多层臭氧质量混合资料,通过定义Hadley环流上升支强度指数(HAI),用质量流函数的方法研究了纬圈平均Hadley环流上升支的演变特征及其与低纬地区不同层次大气臭氧变化的关系。结果表明,(1)冬季和夏季HAI较大,最大值出现在2月和8月,春、秋季HAI较小,最小值出现在5月和11月;Hadley环流上升支的位置随季节和强度变化;冬季Hadley环流上升支所跨纬度最宽,夏季最窄。(2)各季节代表月份的HAI具有一定的年代际特征,即1月、4月具有负距平-相持-正距平的年代际特征,线性增强趋势明显;7月、10月则表现为距平的正-负-正变化,但7月HAI在2012年以后有明显减弱趋势。总体上各季节HAI从1990年代中后期开始逐渐增强。(3)除春季外,Hadley环流上升支对低纬对流层臭氧的动力输送作用显著,Hadley环流上升运动越强,上升支所对应纬度带对流层臭氧浓度越低,南北两个下沉区对流层臭氧浓度越高。(4)HAI表现为强指数年时,低纬对流层臭氧整体表现为增加,平流层中下部臭氧减少,体现出彼此的长期综合影响。
Based on the NCEP/NCAR monthly mean wind data and ECMWF monthly mean multi-layered ozone mass mixing ratio data and by defining the Hadley circulation ascending branch intensity index(HAI), we studied the evolution characteristics of HAI and its relation to the variation of low-latitude atmospheric ozone in different levels with the mass stream function method. The results showed that(1)HAI is bigger in summer and winter and smaller in spring and autumn with the maximum in February and August and the minimum in May and November. The position of Hadley circulation ascending branch changes with the season and strength; The latitude span of Hadley circulation ascending branch is the widest in winter and narrowest in summer.(2) The HAI has inter-decadal characteristics in different months representing the four seasons. Namely, HAI has a negative-stalemate-positive anomaly inter-decadal characteristics in January and April and it performs in a linearly positive trend. While HAI presents a positive-negative-positive anomaly changes in July and October, it is weakened obviously in July. As a whole,the significantly strengthened tendency starts from the late 1990 s.(3) Besides the spring, Hadley circulation ascending branch performs remarkable transporting function in the low-latitude tropospheric ozone. The tropospheric ozone concentration on the corresponding latitudes of Hadley circulation rising branch is reducing with the strengthening of Hadley circulation ascending branch while the tropospheric ozone concentration on the two subsidence zones of Hadley circulation is increasing.(4) When the annual mean HAI showed a strong index, the low latitude tropospheric ozone performance increases and the lower stratospheric ozone reduces, which reflects the long-term comprehensive influence of Hadley circulation and the atmospheric ozone at each level.
Based on the NCEP/NCAR monthly mean wind data and ECMWF monthly mean multi-layered ozone mass mixing ratio data and by defining the Hadley circulation ascending branch intensity index(HAI), we studied the evolution characteristics of HAI and its relation to the variation of low-latitude atmospheric ozone in different levels with the mass stream function method. The results showed that(1)HAI is bigger in summer and winter and smaller in spring and autumn with the maximum in February and August and the minimum in May and November. The position of Hadley circulation ascending branch changes with the season and strength; The latitude span of Hadley circulation ascending branch is the widest in winter and narrowest in summer.(2) The HAI has inter-decadal characteristics in different months representing the four seasons. Namely, HAI has a negative-stalemate-positive anomaly inter-decadal characteristics in January and April and it performs in a linearly positive trend. While HAI presents a positive-negative-positive anomaly changes in July and October, it is weakened obviously in July. As a whole,the significantly strengthened tendency starts from the late 1990 s.(3) Besides the spring, Hadley circulation ascending branch performs remarkable transporting function in the low-latitude tropospheric ozone. The tropospheric ozone concentration on the corresponding latitudes of Hadley circulation rising branch is reducing with the strengthening of Hadley circulation ascending branch while the tropospheric ozone concentration on the two subsidence zones of Hadley circulation is increasing.(4) When the annual mean HAI showed a strong index, the low latitude tropospheric ozone performance increases and the lower stratospheric ozone reduces, which reflects the long-term comprehensive influence of Hadley circulation and the atmospheric ozone at each level.
引文
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[24]韦惠红,郑有飞.我国臭氧总量的时空分布特征[J].南京气象学院学报,2006,29(3):390-395.
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[28]卞建春,王庚辰,陈洪滨,等.2003年12月青藏高原上空出现微型臭氧洞[J].科学通报,1996,51(5):606-609.
[29]ZOU H,GAO Y Q.Vertical ozone profile over Tibet using sage I and II data[J].Adv Atmos Sci,1997,14(4):505-512.
[30]周秀骥,罗超,李维亮,等.中国地区臭氧总量变化与青藏高原低值中心[J].科学通报,1995,4 0(15):1 396-1 398.
[31]周秀骥,李维亮,陈隆勋,等.青藏高原地区大气臭氧变化的研究[J].气象学报,2004,6 2(5):513-527.
[32]郭世昌,戴敏,李琼,等.冬季Hadley环流活动与大气臭氧变化的关系研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(2):148-154.
[33]郭世昌,李琼,戴敏,等.Hadley环流上升支特征及其与东亚臭氧变化的关系[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(3):269-275.
[34]郭世昌,李琼,刘煜,等.东亚低纬地区局地Hadley环流特征及其与大气臭氧的关系[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(4):478-486.
[35]王盘兴.垂直低分辨率GCM模式大气平均经圈环流的诊断[J].南京气象学院学报,1994,17(2):200-204.
[36]陈洪滨,卞建春,吕达仁.上对流层-下平流层交换过程研究的进展与展望[J].大气科学,2006,30(5):813-819.
[2]SALBY,CALLAGHAN.Interaction between the Brewer-Dobson circulation and the Hadley circulation[J].J Clim,2005,18(20):4 303-4 316.
[3]WEBSTER P J.The elementary Hadley Circulation[M].The Hadley Circulation:Present,Past and Future:An Introductian,Kluwer,2004:9-60.
[4]FRAEDRICH K,KLEIDON A,LUNKEIT F.A green planet versus a desert world:Estimating the effect of vegetation extremes on the atmosphere[J].J Clim,1999,12(10):3 156-3 163.
[5]SIKKA D R.Desert climate and its dynamics[J].Curr Sci,1997,72(1):35-46.
[6]HOU A Y.Hadley circulation as a modulator of the extratropical climate[J].J Atmos Sci,1998,55(14):2 437-2 457.
[7]QUAN X W,DIAZ H F,HOERLING M P.Changes in the Hadley Circulation since 1950[M]//The Hadley Circulation:Present,Past and Future.Kluwer Academic,2004:85-120.
[8]OORT A H,YIENGER J J.Observed interannual variability in the Hadley Circulation and its connection to ENSO[J].J Clim,1996,9(11):2 751-2 767.
[9]JIE M,LI J P.Strengthening of the boreal winter Hadley circulation and its connection with ENSO[J].Progr Nat Sci,2007,17(11):1 327-1 333.
[10]MITAS C M,CLEMENT A.Has the Hadley cell been strengthening in recent decades?[J].Geophys Res Lett,2005,32(3):3 809.
[11]TANAKA H L,ISHIZAKI N,KITOH A.Trend and interannual variability of Walker,monsoon and Hadley circulations defined by velocity potential in the upper troposphere[J].Tellus A,2004,56(3):250-269.
[12]张俊,谷德军,施能.1948—2004年全球平均Hadley环流强度指数与特征[J].南京气象学院学报,2007,30(2):231-238.
[13]MITAS C M,CLEMENT A.Recent behavior of the Hadley cell and tropical thermodynamics in climate models and reanalyses[J].Geophys Res Lett,2006,33(1):313-324.
[14]秦育婧,王盘兴,管兆勇,等.两种再分析资料的Hadley环流比较[J].科学通报,2006,51(12):1 469-1 473.
[15]KULKARNI R N,GARNHAM G L.Longitudinal variation in ozone in the lower middle latitudes[J].J Geophys Res,1970,70(D21):4 174-4 176.
[16]MARVIN A G,WU M F,NASH E.Satellite data analysis of ozone differences in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1989,130(2-3):263-275.
[17]吴统文,郑光,瞿章,等.北半球100 h Pa等压面经向风与臭氧总量年变化[J].大气科学,1992,16(4):508-512.
[18]WMO.Scientific assessment of ozone depletion:2002,Global ozone research and monitoring project[R].Rep 47,Geneva,2003:270.
[19]WMO.Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion:2006,Global ozone research and monitoring project-report[R].No 50,Geneva,Switzerland,2007:572.
[20]ZOU H,ZHOU L B,GAO Y Q,et al.Total ozone variation between 50°and 60°N[J].Geophys Res Lett,2005,2(23):L2381210.1029/2005GL024012.
[21]郭世昌,琚建华,常有礼,等.大气臭氧变化及其气候生态效应[M].北京:气象出版社,2002.
[22]谢飞钦,蔡旭晖.东亚地区大气整层臭氧浓度的时空变化[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(5):513-517.
[23]郭世昌,黎成超,郭漪然,等.近33 a来北半球大气臭氧的变化趋势研究[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(2):319-326.
[24]韦惠红,郑有飞.我国臭氧总量的时空分布特征[J].南京气象学院学报,2006,29(3):390-395.
[25]WANG W C,PINTO G,YUNG Y L.Climatic effects due to halo genated compounds in the earth’s atmosphere[J].J Atmos Sci,1980,37(2):333-338.
[26]周立波.北欧地区臭氧亏损中的动力学机制[D].北京:中国科学院大气物理研究所,2001:120.
[27]REITER E R,GAO D Y.Heating of the Tibet Plateau and movements of the South Asian High During Spring[J].Mon Wea Rev,1982,110(11):1 694-1 711.
[28]卞建春,王庚辰,陈洪滨,等.2003年12月青藏高原上空出现微型臭氧洞[J].科学通报,1996,51(5):606-609.
[29]ZOU H,GAO Y Q.Vertical ozone profile over Tibet using sage I and II data[J].Adv Atmos Sci,1997,14(4):505-512.
[30]周秀骥,罗超,李维亮,等.中国地区臭氧总量变化与青藏高原低值中心[J].科学通报,1995,4 0(15):1 396-1 398.
[31]周秀骥,李维亮,陈隆勋,等.青藏高原地区大气臭氧变化的研究[J].气象学报,2004,6 2(5):513-527.
[32]郭世昌,戴敏,李琼,等.冬季Hadley环流活动与大气臭氧变化的关系研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(2):148-154.
[33]郭世昌,李琼,戴敏,等.Hadley环流上升支特征及其与东亚臭氧变化的关系[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(3):269-275.
[34]郭世昌,李琼,刘煜,等.东亚低纬地区局地Hadley环流特征及其与大气臭氧的关系[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(4):478-486.
[35]王盘兴.垂直低分辨率GCM模式大气平均经圈环流的诊断[J].南京气象学院学报,1994,17(2):200-204.
[36]陈洪滨,卞建春,吕达仁.上对流层-下平流层交换过程研究的进展与展望[J].大气科学,2006,30(5):813-819.