面向载人月球探测的月面环境模拟试验关键技术分析
|
摘要
文章针对未来有人参与的月球探测任务,首先开展了月球表面环境地面模拟试验验证需求分析,归纳总结了国内外技术发展现状。然后,提出并分析了载人月球探测地面模拟试验需重点研究的关键技术:真空热环境下月面移动式多体低重力模拟技术;复杂月面环境高精度热流模拟技术;大容量布尘条件下超高真空获得与保持技术;月面辐射与月尘环境模拟技术;月尘防护效能量化评估技术;月面综合环境试验验证技术等。最后,给出了面向载人月球探测的月面环境模拟试验技术研究总体方案,并对月面环境模拟试验技术的发展目标进行了展望。
This paper briefly analyses the requirements of lunar suface environmental simulation test for manned lunar exploration mission, and reviews the technical developments. Several key technical problems of the lunar suface environmental simulation test for the manned lunar exploration mission are discussed, including the mobile multi-body simulation of the lunar gravity in the thermal vacuum environment, the high accurate simulation of the heat flow for the complex lunar surface environment, the pumping and holding technology of the super vaccum under the condition with a large volume of lunar dusts, the simulation of the lunar surface radiation and the lunar dust environment, the quantitative evaluation of the lunar dust protection effectiveness, and the verification test technique of the lunar surface combined environment. An overall research scheme of the lunar suface environmental simulation test technologies for the manned lunar exploration is proposed, as well as an outlook of the development goal of the related technologies.
This paper briefly analyses the requirements of lunar suface environmental simulation test for manned lunar exploration mission, and reviews the technical developments. Several key technical problems of the lunar suface environmental simulation test for the manned lunar exploration mission are discussed, including the mobile multi-body simulation of the lunar gravity in the thermal vacuum environment, the high accurate simulation of the heat flow for the complex lunar surface environment, the pumping and holding technology of the super vaccum under the condition with a large volume of lunar dusts, the simulation of the lunar surface radiation and the lunar dust environment, the quantitative evaluation of the lunar dust protection effectiveness, and the verification test technique of the lunar surface combined environment. An overall research scheme of the lunar suface environmental simulation test technologies for the manned lunar exploration is proposed, as well as an outlook of the development goal of the related technologies.
引文
[1]中国科学院.中国学科发展战略:载人深空探测[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:1-55
[2]果琳丽,王平,朱恩涌,等.载人月球基地工程[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2013:1-5
[3]欧阳自远,肖福根.火星探测的主要科学问题[J].航天器环境工程,2011,28(3):205-217OUYANG Z Y,XIAO F G.Major scientific issues involved in Mars exploration[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2011,28(3):205-217
[4]叶培建,果琳丽,张志贤,等.有人参与深空探测任务面临的风险和技术挑战[J].载人航天,2016,22(2):143-149YE P J,GUO L L,ZHANG Z X,et al.Risks and challenges of manned deep space exploration mission[J].Manned Spaceflight,2016,22(2):143-149
[5]张志贤,果琳丽,戚发轫.月面人机联合探测概念研究[J].载人航天,2014,20(5):432-442ZHANG Z X,GUO L L,QI F R.Conceptual study on crew-robot coordinated exploration on lunar surface[J].Manned Spaceflight,2014,20(5):432-442
[6]褚桂柏,张熇.月球探测器技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2007:1-2
[7]贾阳,陈建新,申振荣,等.月面巡视探测器[J].航空制造技术,2007(12):44-47JIA Y,CHEN J X,SHEN Z R,et al.Lunar rover[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2007(12):44-47
[8]贾阳,申振荣,庞彧,等.月面巡视探测器地面试验方法与技术综述[J].航天器环境工程,2014,31(5):464-469 JIA Y,SHEN Z R,PANG Y,et al.A review of field test methods and technologies for lunar rover[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2014,31(5):464-469
[9]YNDON B.Apollo program summary report[R].Houston:National Aeronautics and Space Administration,Johnson Space Center,1975-04
[10]姜兵,樊世超,刘明辉.月面重力模拟系统恒拉力绳索的动力学研究[J].航天器环境工程,2012,29(3):278-282JIANG B,FAN S C,LIU M H.Dynamics of cable in constant tension in lunar gravity simulation system[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2012,29(3):278-282
[11]贾阳,王琼,王芳,等.月面巡视探测器外场试验方法[J].航天器环境工程,2012,29(6):602-607JIA Y,WANG Q,WANG F,et al.Research on the methods of lunar rover field test[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2012,29(6):602-607
[12]樊世超,贾阳,向树红,等.月面地形地貌环境模拟初步研究[J].航天器环境工程,2007,24(1):15-20FAN S C,JIA Y,XIANG S H,et al.A preliminary study on simulation of lunar surface terrain[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2007,24(1):15-20
[13]李建桥,邹猛,贾阳,等.用于月面车辆力学试验的模拟月壤研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1557-1561LI J Q,ZOU M,JIA Y,et al.Lunar soil stimulant for vehicle-terramechanics research in laboratory[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(6):1557-1561
[2]果琳丽,王平,朱恩涌,等.载人月球基地工程[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2013:1-5
[3]欧阳自远,肖福根.火星探测的主要科学问题[J].航天器环境工程,2011,28(3):205-217OUYANG Z Y,XIAO F G.Major scientific issues involved in Mars exploration[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2011,28(3):205-217
[4]叶培建,果琳丽,张志贤,等.有人参与深空探测任务面临的风险和技术挑战[J].载人航天,2016,22(2):143-149YE P J,GUO L L,ZHANG Z X,et al.Risks and challenges of manned deep space exploration mission[J].Manned Spaceflight,2016,22(2):143-149
[5]张志贤,果琳丽,戚发轫.月面人机联合探测概念研究[J].载人航天,2014,20(5):432-442ZHANG Z X,GUO L L,QI F R.Conceptual study on crew-robot coordinated exploration on lunar surface[J].Manned Spaceflight,2014,20(5):432-442
[6]褚桂柏,张熇.月球探测器技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2007:1-2
[7]贾阳,陈建新,申振荣,等.月面巡视探测器[J].航空制造技术,2007(12):44-47JIA Y,CHEN J X,SHEN Z R,et al.Lunar rover[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2007(12):44-47
[8]贾阳,申振荣,庞彧,等.月面巡视探测器地面试验方法与技术综述[J].航天器环境工程,2014,31(5):464-469 JIA Y,SHEN Z R,PANG Y,et al.A review of field test methods and technologies for lunar rover[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2014,31(5):464-469
[9]YNDON B.Apollo program summary report[R].Houston:National Aeronautics and Space Administration,Johnson Space Center,1975-04
[10]姜兵,樊世超,刘明辉.月面重力模拟系统恒拉力绳索的动力学研究[J].航天器环境工程,2012,29(3):278-282JIANG B,FAN S C,LIU M H.Dynamics of cable in constant tension in lunar gravity simulation system[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2012,29(3):278-282
[11]贾阳,王琼,王芳,等.月面巡视探测器外场试验方法[J].航天器环境工程,2012,29(6):602-607JIA Y,WANG Q,WANG F,et al.Research on the methods of lunar rover field test[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2012,29(6):602-607
[12]樊世超,贾阳,向树红,等.月面地形地貌环境模拟初步研究[J].航天器环境工程,2007,24(1):15-20FAN S C,JIA Y,XIANG S H,et al.A preliminary study on simulation of lunar surface terrain[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2007,24(1):15-20
[13]李建桥,邹猛,贾阳,等.用于月面车辆力学试验的模拟月壤研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1557-1561LI J Q,ZOU M,JIA Y,et al.Lunar soil stimulant for vehicle-terramechanics research in laboratory[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(6):1557-1561