月球探测器力学环境研究及试验条件制定
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摘要
相对于传统航天器,月球探测器所经历的某些力学环境具有特殊性,需要有针对性地开展研究并进行相应的环境模拟试验。文章分析了月球探测器力学环境在不同飞行阶段中的特点,对比较特殊的着陆冲击环境和颠簸振动环境分别开展了重点研究,并提出了相应的环境模拟试验条件制定方法。对于着陆冲击环境,采用以加速度试验条件、正弦振动试验条件、随机振动试验条件和冲击试验条件分频段等效包络的方法制定试验条件;对于颠簸振动环境,采用道路模拟试验台模拟颠簸能量的方法制定试验条件。所提出的方法已成功应用于嫦娥三号和嫦娥五号月球探测器的研制过程中,并通过了嫦娥三号月球探测器实际飞行验证。
Compared with traditional spacecrafts,lunar probes suffer from several special mechanical environments.Therefore,specific studies should be carried out and corresponding environmental simulation tests should be conducted.The mechanical environments for lunar probes during different mission phases,are studied in the paper especially the landing impact environment and the jolt vibration environment.Test condition design methods for corresponding environmental simulation are proposed.For the landing impact environment,the test condition is designed using an equivalent envelope method by formulating an acceleration test condition,a sine vibration test condition,a random vibration test condition and a shock test condition in different frequency bands.For the jolt vibration environment,the test condition is designed using an energy simulation method implemented by a vehicle road simulation system.The proposed methods in the paper have already been applied successfully in the development process of Chang'e-3 lunar probe and Chang'e-5 lunar probe,and verified by the actual flight of Chang'e-3 lunar probe.
Compared with traditional spacecrafts,lunar probes suffer from several special mechanical environments.Therefore,specific studies should be carried out and corresponding environmental simulation tests should be conducted.The mechanical environments for lunar probes during different mission phases,are studied in the paper especially the landing impact environment and the jolt vibration environment.Test condition design methods for corresponding environmental simulation are proposed.For the landing impact environment,the test condition is designed using an equivalent envelope method by formulating an acceleration test condition,a sine vibration test condition,a random vibration test condition and a shock test condition in different frequency bands.For the jolt vibration environment,the test condition is designed using an energy simulation method implemented by a vehicle road simulation system.The proposed methods in the paper have already been applied successfully in the development process of Chang'e-3 lunar probe and Chang'e-5 lunar probe,and verified by the actual flight of Chang'e-3 lunar probe.
引文
[1]彭成荣.航天器总体设计[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2011Peng Chengrong.System design for spacecraft[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2011(in Chinese)
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[6]王晓姝,赵会光.应用土壤修正模型的返回器着陆冲击响应预示[J].航天器工程,2015,24(3):45-50Wang Xiaoshu,Zhao Huiguang.Returnable capsule landing impact response based on modified soil model[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2015,24(3):45-50(in Chinese)
[7]张熇,柳忠尧,饶炜.月面软着陆探测器地面力学试验方法研究[J].航天器工程,2007,16(6):33-38Zhang He,Liu Zhongyao,Rao Wei.Study on methods for lunar lander dynamical experimentations[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2007,16(6):33-38(in Chinese)
[8]Smallwood D O.Improved recursive formula for calculating shock response spectra[J].Shock and Vibration Bulletin,1980,51(2):211-217
[9]国防科学技术工业委员会.GJB 1027A-2005运载器、上面级和航天器试验要求[S].北京:国防科工委军标出版发行部,2006Commission on Science,Technology,and Industry for National Defense.GJB 1027A-2005 Test requirements for launch,upper-stage,and space vehicles[S].Beijing:Military Standard Publishing Department of Commission on Science,Technology,and Industry for National Defense,2006(in Chinese)
[10]唐照千,黄文虎.振动与冲击手册第二卷:振动与冲击测试技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1992:271-272Tang Zhaoqian,Huang Wenhu.Vibration and shock handbook Volume 2:vibration and shock testing technology[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1992:271-272(in Chinese)
[11]Scharton T D.Vibration and acoustic testing of spacecraft[J].Sound and Vibration,2002,36(6):14-18
[12]袁家军.卫星结构设计与分析[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2004Yuan Jiajun.Design and analysis of satellite structures[M].Beijing:China Astronautics Press,2004(in Chinese)
[13]谭维炽,胡金刚.航天器系统工程[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2009Tan Weizhi,Hu Jingang.Spacecraft systems engineering[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2009(in Chinese)
[14]雷达,陈剑,汪学岭.汽车电器试验台道路模拟试验方法的研究与实现[J].噪声与振动控制,2009,29(4):67-69Lei Da,Chen Jian,Wang Xueling.Research and implementation of road simulation for automotive electric products test bed[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2009,29(4):67-69(in Chinese)
[2]董威利,刘莉,周思达,等.月球探测器软着陆动力学及影响因素分析[J].宇航学报,2014,35(4):388-396Dong Weili,Liu Li,Zhou Sida,et al.Analysis on softlanding dynamics and influence factors of lunar lander[J].Journal of Astronautics,2014,35(4):388-396(in Chinese)
[3]张伍,党兆龙,贾阳.月面数字地形构造方法研究[J].航天器环境工程,2008,25(4):301-305Zhang Wu,Dang Zhaolong,Jia Yang.Construction method of lunar digital terrain[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2008,25(4):301-305(in Chinese)
[4]时军委,徐峰,胡雪平,等.对接机构动力学仿真[J].上海航天,2011,28(6):17-22Shi Junwei,Xu Feng,Hu Xueping,et al.Docking mechanism dynamic simulation[J].Aerospace Shanghai,2011,28(6):17-22(in Chinese)
[5]饶天宇.对接与样品转移机构的结构设计及动力学仿真[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013Rao Tianyu.The structure design and dynamic simulation of the docking and sample transferring mechanism[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2013(in Chinese)
[6]王晓姝,赵会光.应用土壤修正模型的返回器着陆冲击响应预示[J].航天器工程,2015,24(3):45-50Wang Xiaoshu,Zhao Huiguang.Returnable capsule landing impact response based on modified soil model[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2015,24(3):45-50(in Chinese)
[7]张熇,柳忠尧,饶炜.月面软着陆探测器地面力学试验方法研究[J].航天器工程,2007,16(6):33-38Zhang He,Liu Zhongyao,Rao Wei.Study on methods for lunar lander dynamical experimentations[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2007,16(6):33-38(in Chinese)
[8]Smallwood D O.Improved recursive formula for calculating shock response spectra[J].Shock and Vibration Bulletin,1980,51(2):211-217
[9]国防科学技术工业委员会.GJB 1027A-2005运载器、上面级和航天器试验要求[S].北京:国防科工委军标出版发行部,2006Commission on Science,Technology,and Industry for National Defense.GJB 1027A-2005 Test requirements for launch,upper-stage,and space vehicles[S].Beijing:Military Standard Publishing Department of Commission on Science,Technology,and Industry for National Defense,2006(in Chinese)
[10]唐照千,黄文虎.振动与冲击手册第二卷:振动与冲击测试技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1992:271-272Tang Zhaoqian,Huang Wenhu.Vibration and shock handbook Volume 2:vibration and shock testing technology[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1992:271-272(in Chinese)
[11]Scharton T D.Vibration and acoustic testing of spacecraft[J].Sound and Vibration,2002,36(6):14-18
[12]袁家军.卫星结构设计与分析[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2004Yuan Jiajun.Design and analysis of satellite structures[M].Beijing:China Astronautics Press,2004(in Chinese)
[13]谭维炽,胡金刚.航天器系统工程[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2009Tan Weizhi,Hu Jingang.Spacecraft systems engineering[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2009(in Chinese)
[14]雷达,陈剑,汪学岭.汽车电器试验台道路模拟试验方法的研究与实现[J].噪声与振动控制,2009,29(4):67-69Lei Da,Chen Jian,Wang Xueling.Research and implementation of road simulation for automotive electric products test bed[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2009,29(4):67-69(in Chinese)