智能电能表的全系统模型及其动态误差分析
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摘要
电网中特大功率负荷的功率动态变化对智能电能表产生不同程度的影响,甚至引起较大误差。为了分析智能电能表动态误差的来源,该文采用机理建模的方法分别建立智能电能表电压通道、具有可编程增益放大器(programmable gain amplifier,PGA)增益反馈控制的电流通道、有功功率测量单元及电能测量单元的动态数学模型,并集成各单元之间的信号传递关系,综合建立智能电能表全系统模型。以此为基础,建立动态误差仿真平台,分析各单元的模型参数对有功电能动态误差的影响。通过搭建动态误差测试系统,测试典型电能表的动态误差,与仿真分析结果的对比表明,该文提出的全系统模型可用于分析电能表动态条件下的内部误差影响因素、明确误差来源。研究结果可为后续提高智能电能表的动态性能提供定量的决策参考。
The dynamic change of superpower load in the power grid can affect the smart electricity meters at different degree, and even cause large data errors. In order to analyze the sources of dynamic errors, four models were established firstly by mechanism analysis including voltage channel model, current channel model with gain feedback control of programmable gain amplifier, active power measurement module model and energy measurement module model. Secondly, the whole-system model of smart electricity meter was set up synthetically by integrating the signal transmission relationship between each module. On this basis, a dynamic error simulation platform was built to analyze the influence of each model parameters on measurement errors. Finally, a dynamic error testing system was established to test the dynamic errors of the smart electricity meter, and the correctness of the whole-system model was verified by comparing the measured dynamic errors and simulation errors. The test result shows that the whole-system model proposed in this work can be used to analyze the influence factors and make clear the source of the dynamic errors. The study results can provide a quantitative reference for the dynamic performance research of smart meters.
The dynamic change of superpower load in the power grid can affect the smart electricity meters at different degree, and even cause large data errors. In order to analyze the sources of dynamic errors, four models were established firstly by mechanism analysis including voltage channel model, current channel model with gain feedback control of programmable gain amplifier, active power measurement module model and energy measurement module model. Secondly, the whole-system model of smart electricity meter was set up synthetically by integrating the signal transmission relationship between each module. On this basis, a dynamic error simulation platform was built to analyze the influence of each model parameters on measurement errors. Finally, a dynamic error testing system was established to test the dynamic errors of the smart electricity meter, and the correctness of the whole-system model was verified by comparing the measured dynamic errors and simulation errors. The test result shows that the whole-system model proposed in this work can be used to analyze the influence factors and make clear the source of the dynamic errors. The study results can provide a quantitative reference for the dynamic performance research of smart meters.
引文
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[16]朱宁辉,白晓民,董伟杰.基于EEMD的谐波检测方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(7):92-98.Zhu Ninghui,Bai Xiaomin,Dong Weijie.Harmonic detection method based on EEMD[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(7):92-98(in Chinese).
[17]翟晓军,周波.一种改进的插值FFT谐波分析算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(11):2952-2958.Zhai Xiaojun,Zhou Bo.An improved interpolated FFTalgorithm for harmonic analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(11):2952-2958(in Chinese).
[18]高云鹏,滕召胜,温和,等.凯塞窗插值FFT的电力谐波分析与应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(4):43-48.Gao Yunpeng,Teng Zhaosheng,Wen He,et al.Harmonic analysis based on Kaiser window interpolation FFT and its application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(4):43-48(in Chinese).
[19]Lavopa E,Zanchetta P,Sumner M,et al.Real-time estimation of fundamental frequency and harmonics for active shunt power filters in aircraft electrical systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(8):2875-2884.
[20]肖勇,罗睿希,赵伟,等.基于IEC61850的数字化电能表用快速准同步谐波测量算法[J].电网技术,2018,42(2):621-627.Xiao Yong,Luo Ruixi,Zhao Wei,et al.Fast quasisynchronous harmonic algorithm for IEC61850 based digital energy metering devices[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(2):621-627(in Chinese).
[21]张晓冰,李云辉,房国志.非平稳畸变信号条件下电网信号建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2721-2728.Zhang Xiaobing,Li Yunhui,Fang Guozhi.Modeling for power grid signals under the condition of non-stationary distortion signals[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2721-2728(in Chinese).
[22]门长有.电能计量算法及其SoC实现[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.Men Changyou.Energy metering algorithms and their SoC implementations[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2009(in Chinese).
[23]陈垒,赵伟,肖勇,等.非整周期采样条件下有功电能计量的新算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(4):861-869.Chen Lei,Zhao Wei,Xiao Yong,et al.New active electric energy measurement algorithm undernon-integer-period sampling[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(4):861-869(in Chinese).
[24]周莉,刘开培.电能计量误差分析与电能计费问题的讨论[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(2):63-68.Zhou Li,Liu Kaipei.Error analyzing for electric metering and discussion about pricing of electric energy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2005,20(2):63-68(in Chinese).
[2]Lao Kengweng,Wong Manchung,Dai Ningyi,et al.Asystematic approach to hybrid railway power conditioner design with harmonic compensation for high-speed railway[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(2):930-942.
[3]王学伟,吕磅,王琳,等.基于TASK功率模型的电能表动态误差测试方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(18):4847-4853.Wang Xuewei,LüPang,Wang Lin,et al.TASK power model based dynamic error testing for electricity meter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(18):4847-4853(in Chinese).
[4]陆祖良,王磊,李敏.对电能表动态测量功能评价的讨论[J].电测与仪表,2010,47(4):1-4.Lu Zuliang,Wang Lei,Li Min.Discussion for evaluation of dynamic measurement function of electrical energy meter[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2010,47(4):1-4(in Chinese).
[5]Wang Xuewei,Chen Jingxia,Yuan Ruiming,et al.OOKpower model based dynamic error testing for smart electricity meter[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2017,28(2):025015.
[6]王英立,王学伟,曹岩辉,等.同相复合放大器的交流误差及稳定性分析[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2000,5(6):41-43.Wang Yingli,Wang Xuewei,Cao Yanhui,et al.The A.C.error of a novel no-inverting composite amplifier and its stability analyzing[J].Journal Harbin University Of Science And Technology,2000,5(6):41-43(in Chinese).
[7]Wolffenbuttel R F.Digitally programmable accurate current sources for logarithmic control of the amplification or attenuation in a gain cell[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,1988,23(3):767-773.
[8]王建学,高卫恒,别朝红.冲击负荷对电力系统可靠性影响的分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(10):59-65.Wang Jianxue,Gao Weiheng,Bie Zhaohong.Influence of shock loads on power system reliability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(10):59-65(in Chinese).
[9]赵伟,孟金岭,陈锐民,等.电动汽车充换电设施电能计量及溯源方法[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(11):113-118.Zhao Wei,Meng Jinling,Chen Ruimin,et al.Accurate measurement and traceability method of electrical energy for charging and discharging devices of electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(11):113-118(in Chinese).
[10]戴先中.准同步采样及其在非正弦功率测量中的应用[J].仪器仪表学报,1984,5(4):390-396.Dai Xianzhong.The quasiynchronous sampling and its application in the measurement of nonsinusoidal power[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,1984,5(4):390-396(in Chinese).
[11]马宏忠,胡虔生.软件实现同步采样的误差分析[J].电工技术学报,1996,11(1):43-47.Ma Hongzhong,Hu Qiansheng.Analysis on error synchronous sampling by software[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,1996,11(1):43-47(in Chinese).
[12]孟卓,温和.基于复化梯形的准同步采样频率测量算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(10):2445-2453.Meng Zhuo,Wen He.Quasi-synchronous sampling algorithm for frequency measurement based on multiple segment trapezoidal rule[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(10):2445-2453(in Chinese).
[13]李振华,胡蔚中,闫苏红,等.基于龙贝格算法的高精度数字积分算法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):138-142.Li Zhenhua,Hu Weizhong,Yan Suhong.High precision algorithm of digital integrator based on Romberg algorithm[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(16):138-142(in Chinese).
[14]Barros J,Diego R I,de Apraíz M.A discussion of new requirements for measurement of harmonic distortion in modern power supply systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2013,62(8):2129-2139.
[15]Yao Wenxuan,Teng Zhaosheng,Tang Qiu,et all.Measurement of power system harmonic based on adaptive Kaiser self-convolution window[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution.2016,10(2):390-398.
[16]朱宁辉,白晓民,董伟杰.基于EEMD的谐波检测方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(7):92-98.Zhu Ninghui,Bai Xiaomin,Dong Weijie.Harmonic detection method based on EEMD[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(7):92-98(in Chinese).
[17]翟晓军,周波.一种改进的插值FFT谐波分析算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(11):2952-2958.Zhai Xiaojun,Zhou Bo.An improved interpolated FFTalgorithm for harmonic analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(11):2952-2958(in Chinese).
[18]高云鹏,滕召胜,温和,等.凯塞窗插值FFT的电力谐波分析与应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(4):43-48.Gao Yunpeng,Teng Zhaosheng,Wen He,et al.Harmonic analysis based on Kaiser window interpolation FFT and its application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(4):43-48(in Chinese).
[19]Lavopa E,Zanchetta P,Sumner M,et al.Real-time estimation of fundamental frequency and harmonics for active shunt power filters in aircraft electrical systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(8):2875-2884.
[20]肖勇,罗睿希,赵伟,等.基于IEC61850的数字化电能表用快速准同步谐波测量算法[J].电网技术,2018,42(2):621-627.Xiao Yong,Luo Ruixi,Zhao Wei,et al.Fast quasisynchronous harmonic algorithm for IEC61850 based digital energy metering devices[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(2):621-627(in Chinese).
[21]张晓冰,李云辉,房国志.非平稳畸变信号条件下电网信号建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2721-2728.Zhang Xiaobing,Li Yunhui,Fang Guozhi.Modeling for power grid signals under the condition of non-stationary distortion signals[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2721-2728(in Chinese).
[22]门长有.电能计量算法及其SoC实现[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.Men Changyou.Energy metering algorithms and their SoC implementations[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2009(in Chinese).
[23]陈垒,赵伟,肖勇,等.非整周期采样条件下有功电能计量的新算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(4):861-869.Chen Lei,Zhao Wei,Xiao Yong,et al.New active electric energy measurement algorithm undernon-integer-period sampling[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(4):861-869(in Chinese).
[24]周莉,刘开培.电能计量误差分析与电能计费问题的讨论[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(2):63-68.Zhou Li,Liu Kaipei.Error analyzing for electric metering and discussion about pricing of electric energy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2005,20(2):63-68(in Chinese).