收入、社会地位比较与主观幸福度——以收入为门槛变量的经验研究
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摘要
收入和社会地位比较如何影响个体主观幸福度,随着使用数据的不同,得出的结论也有所不同。基于2015年CGSS数据考察了个人总收入(简称收入)、社会地位比较对主观幸福度的影响。结果表明,在不控制其他变量的条件下,收入对主观幸福度存在显著的正向影响,且存在门槛效应;社会地位比较相关变量对主观幸福度有着正向的作用,其中家庭经济地位比较对个体主观幸福度影响程度较大;控制基本人口信息变量、社会地位比较相关变量后,收入对个体主观幸福度不存在显著影响,但存在门槛效应,收入高于门槛值的群体感觉幸福的可能性更高,且在婚姻状况、主观家庭经济地位、社会公平等变量对主观幸福度的影响程度上显著不同于低于门槛值的群体。
The conclusions on how income affects individual subjective well-being(SWB)vary from researchers to researchers and data set to data set.We investigate the relationship between income and SWB,social comparison and SWB based on CGSS survey data.The result shows that income has a positive effect as well as threshold effect on SWB when income is the only explanatory variable in OLogit model;furthermore,social comparison related variables,such as subjective social class,subjective economical class compared with local resident(SWCLR),subjective economical class compared with peers(SWCP),are all positively correlated with SBW,but subjective economical class variables matter most to SWB.The impact of income on SWB disappears after controlling on basic demographical variables and social comparison related variables,but income still has a threshold effect on SWB,which means individuals with income exceeding income threshold(IT)are more likely to be happy,and the effects of marriage status,SWCLR and social equity on SWB are significantly different with whose income is less than IT.
The conclusions on how income affects individual subjective well-being(SWB)vary from researchers to researchers and data set to data set.We investigate the relationship between income and SWB,social comparison and SWB based on CGSS survey data.The result shows that income has a positive effect as well as threshold effect on SWB when income is the only explanatory variable in OLogit model;furthermore,social comparison related variables,such as subjective social class,subjective economical class compared with local resident(SWCLR),subjective economical class compared with peers(SWCP),are all positively correlated with SBW,but subjective economical class variables matter most to SWB.The impact of income on SWB disappears after controlling on basic demographical variables and social comparison related variables,but income still has a threshold effect on SWB,which means individuals with income exceeding income threshold(IT)are more likely to be happy,and the effects of marriage status,SWCLR and social equity on SWB are significantly different with whose income is less than IT.
引文
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[4]Boes S,Winkelmann R.The Effect of Income on Positive and Negative Subjective Well-being[D].Socioeconomic Institute.University of Zurich,2006.
[5]Frey B S,Stutzer A.What can Economists Learn from Happiness Research[J].Journal of Economic Literature,2002,40(2).
[6]Stevenson B,Wolfers J.Subjective Well-Being and Income:Is There any Evidence of Satiation[J].American Economic Review,2013,103(3).
[7]Jackman M R,Jackman R.An Interpretation of the Relation between Objective and Subjective Social Status[J].American Sociological,1973(38).
[8]Carrieri V.Social Comparison and Subjective Well-Being:Does the Health of Others Matter?[J].Bulletin of Economic Research.2012,64(1).
[9]Stutzer A.The Role of Income Aspirations in Individual Happiness[J].Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,2004,54(1).
[10]Grozdanovska E.The Relationship between National Identity,Subjective Well-Being and Meaning in Life[J].Suvremena Psihologija,2016,19(1).
[11]闰丙金.收入、社会阶层认同与主观幸福感[J].统计研究,2012(10).
[12]李强.社会分层十讲[M].2版.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2011.
[13]王晓硕,王维国.经济集聚的工资效应和经济增长效应研究---基于地区收入差异及门槛回归的检验[J].统计与信息论坛,2014(12).
[14]李银秀.政府规模与经济增长的Armey曲线效应---陕西经验分析[J].统计与信息论坛,2015(8).
[15]Hansen B E.Sample Splitting and Threshold Estimation[J].Econometrica,2000,68(3).
(1)由于篇幅限制,相关指标说明详见CGSS问卷http://cnsda.ruc.edu.cn/index.php?r=projects/view&id=62072446
(1)分组组距为0.5万元。
[2]McBride M.Money,Happiness,and Aspirations:An Experimental Study[J].Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,2010,74(3).
[3]Diener E,Seligman M E.Beyond Money:Toward an Economy of Well-Being[J].Psychological Science in the Public Interest,2004,5(1).
[4]Boes S,Winkelmann R.The Effect of Income on Positive and Negative Subjective Well-being[D].Socioeconomic Institute.University of Zurich,2006.
[5]Frey B S,Stutzer A.What can Economists Learn from Happiness Research[J].Journal of Economic Literature,2002,40(2).
[6]Stevenson B,Wolfers J.Subjective Well-Being and Income:Is There any Evidence of Satiation[J].American Economic Review,2013,103(3).
[7]Jackman M R,Jackman R.An Interpretation of the Relation between Objective and Subjective Social Status[J].American Sociological,1973(38).
[8]Carrieri V.Social Comparison and Subjective Well-Being:Does the Health of Others Matter?[J].Bulletin of Economic Research.2012,64(1).
[9]Stutzer A.The Role of Income Aspirations in Individual Happiness[J].Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,2004,54(1).
[10]Grozdanovska E.The Relationship between National Identity,Subjective Well-Being and Meaning in Life[J].Suvremena Psihologija,2016,19(1).
[11]闰丙金.收入、社会阶层认同与主观幸福感[J].统计研究,2012(10).
[12]李强.社会分层十讲[M].2版.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2011.
[13]王晓硕,王维国.经济集聚的工资效应和经济增长效应研究---基于地区收入差异及门槛回归的检验[J].统计与信息论坛,2014(12).
[14]李银秀.政府规模与经济增长的Armey曲线效应---陕西经验分析[J].统计与信息论坛,2015(8).
[15]Hansen B E.Sample Splitting and Threshold Estimation[J].Econometrica,2000,68(3).
(1)由于篇幅限制,相关指标说明详见CGSS问卷http://cnsda.ruc.edu.cn/index.php?r=projects/view&id=62072446
(1)分组组距为0.5万元。